The damage to hillside embankments in Sendai city during The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake

AbstractThe 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake resulted in severe damage to housing and housing lots. In particular, the hillside embankments for residential use surrounding the downtown of Sendai city suffered serious damage. Many hillside lands which had been damaged during the 1978 off Miyagi-Prefecture earthquake were subjected to further damage. Typical damaged hillside embankments in Sendai city were investigated and the causes of the damage were discussed in this paper. The main cause of the damage to housing was not the seismic motion but the ground displacement of the fill embankment. A comparison of the damage from the 2011 earthquake with that from the 1978 earthquake indicates that the countermeasures constructed after the 1978 earthquake performed well in that they prevented large landslide type failure; however, they were not successful in reducing the amount of damage to housing or housing lots due to ground displacements from cracks, differential settlement, and shallow slips. A classification of failure types of fill embankment is proposed to be of assistance in the choice of countermeasures

Geotechnical Aspect of Damage In Adapazari City During the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake

This report summerizes detailed investigation on the structural damage and its geotechnical condition in the Adapazaý City, Turkey, during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake by the reconnaissance team of the Japanese Geotechnical Society. Damages to individual buildings were investigated along several streets in the downtown area. A little rough investigation was made almost all downtown area, in which damages were classified by its cause, i.e., inertia force or soil liquefaction. These investigations as well as hearing investigation and areal investigation by means of helicopters made clear the area where there was an island a few hundred years ago by which the name of Adapazarý i.e., ada (island) + pazarý (market), came from. In addition, the damage in the Adapazarý City is shown to be strongly affected by the ground condition because damage caused by liquefaciton was observed only outside the old island and areas where significant structural damage was observed were concentrated near the boundary between the old riverbed and island

APPLICATION OF OUTER SURFACE IRRADIATED LASER STRESS IMPROVEMENT PROCESS (L-SIP) TO PRESSURIZER AS RESIDUAL STRESS IMPROVEMENT METHOD FOR ALLOY 600 PWSCC MITIGATION

ABSTRACT Improvement of residual stress is effective in a countermeasure to deal with the stress corrosion cracks in pipe welds. A irradiated laser stress improvement process (L-SIP) will be introduced as a method to improve residual stress inside steel pipes. This work method is to improve inner surface residual stress from tensile stress to compressive stress by irradiating laser beam around the welds of steel pipe and utilizing the temperature differences between inner and outer surface. Recently this method is applied to PWR pressurizer surge nozzle on TRUGA unit 2. INTRODUCTION In the welds of steel pipes at nuclear power plant or thermal power plant, stress corrosion crack (SCC) is regarded as a damage mode. Stress corrosion crack is caused by tensile residual stress, materials and environment (including water quality and temperature, etc.). It is very difficult to improve the material and environment of pipes in operation plant. Therefore, the residual stress improvement work method is used as a simplified method. In order to improve residual stress, some ways of peening including shot peening are applied. In the welds of steel pipes, it is often impossible to apply them to inner surface of pipes where stress corrosion crack occurs due to the inaccessibility. To date, the use of laser beam as a maintenance technology for nuclear power plants have been studied (1)(2)(3)(4) , it is one of the applicable method from outside of the pipe. This study will report the first application to nuclear power plant in order to improve the inner residual stress of pressurizer surge nozzle

Conduta ética dos pesquisadores em contabilidade: diferenças entre a crença e a práxis

This study addressed the issue of ethics in scientific accounting research. The primary aim was to understand how accounting researchers perceive ethical issues in three dimensions: A) Ethical issues related with the scientific research process; B) Ethical issues about the relation between supervisor and researcher and C) Ethical issues among peers in the development of joint research and in the dissemination of results. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed based on Gustafsson et al. 1984; Creswell (2003), Needles, Jr., (2008), Miyazaki and Taylor (2008) and Leite et al. (2010). A total of 56 questionnaires were returned, which represents 26% of the population of 218 permanent professors affiliated with the 18 Brazilian graduate programs in accounting. Overall, our findings suggest that all issues proposed in the questionnaire were considered ethical values of extreme importance in the respondents' perception. Additionally, these results also suggest that they do not practice some values they considered important with the same intensity, while other values that are not regarded as extremely important are intensely practiced, and we cannot disregard these differences. Finally, based on the Foucault´s concept of the relationship with the self (FOUCAULT, 1984), we think that researchers should carefully consider the results of this study in order to hone their ethical behavior, as this reflects the consensus on moral behavior in a significant sample of Brazilian accounting researchers.Este estudo aborda a questão da ética nas pesquisas científicas em contabilidade e tem por objetivo principal compreender como os acadêmicos de contabilidade percebem as questões éticas em três dimensões: a) Questões éticas relacionadas com o processo de pesquisa; B) Questões éticas referentes a relação entre orientador e orientando e C) Questões éticas entre pares no desenvolvimento de pesquisas conjuntas e na divulgação dos seus resultados. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um questionário baseado em: Gustafsson et al. 1984; Creswell (2003); Needles, Jr., (2008); Miyazaki e Taylor (2008) e Leite et al. (2010). Do total de questionários enviados (218), 56 foram devolvidos, o que representa 26% da população de 218 professores permanentes dos 18 programas de pós-graduação brasileiros de contabilidade. No geral, os resultados sugerem que todas as questões propostas no questionário foram consideradas como valores éticos de extrema importância na percepção dos entrevistados. A análise pareada dos dados sugere que alguns valores que são considerados importantes pelos respondentes não são praticados por eles na mesma intensidade; enquanto outros que não são considerados como de extrema importância são intensamente praticados e não se podem ignorar essas diferenças. Em sínstese, com base no conceito de Foucault sobre a "relação consigo mesmo" (FOUCAULT, 1984), considera-se que os resultados deste estudo merecem uma reflexão cuidadosa por parte dos acadêmicos, a fim de aprimorarem o seu comportamento ético, uma vez que isso reflete o consenso do comportamento moral de uma amostra significativa dos pesquisadores brasileiros em contabilidade

六甲山系の侵食環境の変遷と池沼堆積物: 兵庫県南部地震による環境変化に関連した予察的検討

金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センターChanges in hydro-erosinal environment and pond sedimentation during past 100 years in Kobe district are discussed with precipitational data and pond sediment information. Analyses of precipitational data show that the years when erosional phenomena, such as landslides, debris flows etc., happened were related to excess amount of critical daily rainfall (annual summation of exess amount over 100 mm/day and 50 mm/day). There are some dominant periods (80, 25, 15, 10 and 7 years) in the excess rainfall datasets. Analyses of physical properties of core samples from the two ponds in the Rokko Mountains show that there are rapid coarsening in the heavy rainfall times, especially in 1967 when severe natural disaster happened due to landslides, debris flows and floods. Comparing the sedimentation rate before the Kobe earthquake inferred from the core sample from Kawauso-ike on after the earthquake from sediment traps in the same pond shows significant increase in the rate after the earthquake

六甲山系の湖沼堆積物の粒度組成の変動と崩壊環境

金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センタ