391 research outputs found
Comprehensive assessment of specific antibodies on infectious activity of tick-borne encephalitis virus
Vaccines for prophylactic immunization provide the most reliable and effective protection against the vast majority of infectious diseases. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents a high-priority medical issue at the territory of the Eurasian continent. Of great importance is assessing a role of distinct antibody titers especially low titers, observed quite often in vaccinated individuals, sometimes posing obstacles in determining a threshold of seropositivity as well as the level of specific protection against TBE virus. We aimed at obtaining data to assess antiviral activity of virus-specific antibodies with distinct titer levels based on the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental studies with a highly virulent Far-Eastern strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus. The in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo comprehensive experimental studies with a highly virulent Far-Eastern strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) were conducted and the dynamics of antiviral activity of virus-specific antibodies at variable titers (1:100β1:3200) was measured (timeframe ranged within 1β96 hours p.i.) to provide a rationale for evaluating the antiviral immune response. It was found that the in vitro experiments demonstrated that the IgG at 1:100 titer exerted a weak anti-TBEV neutralizing effect at all time-points examined. The IgG 1:400 titer caused a 2 log PFU/mL decline in TBEV Dal strain yield at 72 h post-infection, whereas at 1:3200 titer it completely suppressed TBEV replication throughout the observation period. The ex vivo experiments with blood serum obtained from vaccinated subjects demonstrating a range of TBEV antibody titers (sera from vaccinated individuals with varying anti-TBEV antibody titers) and in vivo (outinbred white mice) experiments revealed a delayed virus elimination for antibody titers at 1:100 and 1:200 as well as rapid virus elimination (1β2 days p.i.) for antibody titers greater than 1:400. Thus, antibody titer at 1:400 may be considered as the universal anti-TBEV protection threshold. In order to properly conclude regarding the revaccination schedule it is advised to start with testing blood serum for durability of anti-TBEV immune response. Subjects with TBEV antibody titers at 1:100 and 1:200 should be strongly recommended to undergo a mandatory revaccination. Such an approach is believed to be the most effective way toward enhancing efficacy of vaccine-mediated protection against TBE
Photovoltaic Response of Silicon Wafers Treated in the K2WO4-Na2WO4-WO3Melt
Texturing silicon wafers is one way to increase the performance of solar cells. This work is the first to report on the surface modification of Si wafers by processing in polytungstate melts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and photoelectrochemical measurements were used to elucidate the effect of texturing conditions in the Na2WO4 - K2WO4 (1:1) melt containing 35 or 50 mol% WO3 at 973 K in air. As a result of cathodic treatment in the melt containing 50 mol% WO3 at the potential of -0.92 V (vs Pt) for 15 s, upright pyramids were formed on the Si surface. In addition, inverted pyramids appeared at the OTB/Si contact points. The photocurrent density of these samples was several times higher than that for the initial Si wafer or the Si wafer etched in 5 M NaOH solution at 353 K for 20 min. Mechanisms for the formation of upright and inverted pyramids were proposed. Unusual eight-faceted pyramids were formed on the Si surface during cathodic treatment in the melt containing 35 mol% WO3 at -1.19 V for 15 s, but the photocurrent density of such samples was low. Β© 2021 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited.This work is performed in the frame of the State Assignment number 075-03-2020-582/1 dated 18.02.2020 (the theme number 0836-2020-0037). This work has been (partly) done using facilities of the Shared Access Center "Composition of Compounds" (IHTE, UB RAS)
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Fundamental changes in the Russian economy determined by the increasing role of knowledge, the revolution in information and communication technologies, the formation of the global labor market, as well as political changes, dictate new requirements for professional training. The specialist model, professiogram, qualification characteristic, sociogram of profession, sociogram of professional identity is the view options of the ideal result of studentsβ training. The key competence is the defining competence because it corresponds to the conditions of implementation, which are neither limited, not too specific, but are to a certain extent universal. The essence of professional competence of a specialist is the integration of knowledge, skills, experience; personal qualities that provide professional development and self-realization of a specialist, i.e. personal opportunities that allow solving professional problems independently and effectively. The perspective direction of improvement of specialists training in professional education system is development of their models giving the chance to study more deeply problems of training and use of experts, to estimate quality of educational institutions work. In recent years, research aimed at developing a specialist model has covered not only the sphere of higher education; they are conducted in the systems of basic and secondary vocational education. One of the main means of rationing and assessing the quality of professional training of students is a competence model that allows getting the clearest information about the composition of competencies that must be formed in the future specialist in the learning process. The analysis of requirements to specialists training, the contents and technologies of educational process, methodology and practice of modern educational activity allows defining a number of principles and methods of formation of specialist model as bases of a component of the Federal State Educational Standard.Los cambios fundamentales en la economΓa rusa, determinados por el papel cada vez mayor del conocimiento, la revoluciΓ³n en las tecnologΓas de la informaciΓ³n y la comunicaciΓ³n, la formaciΓ³n del mercado laboral mundial, asΓ como los cambios polΓticos, dictan nuevos requisitos para la formaciΓ³n profesional. El modelo de especialista, el profesiograma, la caracterΓstica de calificaciΓ³n, el sociograma de la profesiΓ³n, el sociograma de la identidad profesional son las opciones de visualizaciΓ³n del resultado ideal de la formaciΓ³n de los estudiantes. La competencia clave es la competencia definitoria porque corresponde a las condiciones de implementaciΓ³n, que no son limitadas, ni demasiado especΓficas, pero en cierta medida son universales. La esencia de la competencia profesional de un especialista es la integraciΓ³n de conocimientos, habilidades, experiencia; cualidades personales que proporcionan desarrollo profesional y autorrealizaciΓ³n de un especialista, es decir, oportunidades personales que permiten resolver problemas profesionales de manera independiente y efectiva. La direcciΓ³n de la perspectiva de mejora de la formaciΓ³n de especialistas en el sistema de educaciΓ³n profesional es el desarrollo de sus modelos que brinden la oportunidad de estudiar mΓ‘s profundamente los problemas de formaciΓ³n y uso de expertos, para estimar la calidad del trabajo de las instituciones educativas. En los ΓΊltimos aΓ±os, la investigaciΓ³n dirigida a desarrollar un modelo especializado ha cubierto no solo el Γ‘mbito de la educaciΓ³n superior; se llevan a cabo en los sistemas de educaciΓ³n vocacional bΓ‘sica y secundaria. Uno de los principales medios para racionar y evaluar la calidad de la formaciΓ³n profesional de los estudiantes es un modelo de competencia que permita obtener la informaciΓ³n mΓ‘s clara sobre la composiciΓ³n de las competencias que deben formarse en el futuro especialista en el proceso de aprendizaje. El anΓ‘lisis de los requisitos para la capacitaciΓ³n de especialistas, los contenidos y las tecnologΓas del proceso educativo, la metodologΓa y la prΓ‘ctica de la actividad educativa moderna permite definir una serie de principios y mΓ©todos de formaciΓ³n de modelos especializados como bases de un componente del EstΓ‘ndar Educativo del Estado Federal.Π€ΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ - ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° - ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°; Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°
Project of NNbar Experiment at the WWR-M Reactor
Supersource of ultracold neutrons on the basis of superfluid helium is under construction in PNPI NRC KI. It must provide UCN density 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than existing sources. For the new source we propose an experiment on search for neutronβantineutron oscillations based on the storage of ultracold neutrons in a material trap. The sensitivity of the experiment mostly depends on the trap size and the amount of UCN in it. The results of simulations of the designed experimental scheme show that the sensitivity can be increased by βΌ 10β40 times compared to sensitivity of previous experiment depending on the model of neutron reflection from walls
Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of triticale and wheat lines with introgressions of the tribeΒ Triticeae species genetic material
There are a number of problems in selection of cultivated cereals associated with the requirements to create forms with resistance to diseases, pests and unfavorable environmental conditions. The genetic diversity of genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses can be increased by means of the gene pool of wild and cultivated wheat relatives. To improve agronomic traits in cereals, we have developed common wheat hybrid lines T. aestivum/ T. durum, T. aestivum/ T. dicoccoides and triticale lines by crossing hexaploid triticale with common wheat forms with the substitution of genome D for the genoΒme of diploid Aegilops species. The aim of the study was to identify the lines of common wheat and hexaploid triticale with alien introgression using cytological and molecular-genetic analyses and evaluation of their cytological stability. Comparative analysis of the structure of chromosomes by GISH and FISH methods, microsatellite- and chromosome-specific markers revealed that hybridization of triticale with genome-substitution forms of wheat leads to the reorganization of the genome, including both the introgression of foreign material and wheat chromosome rearrangements, which lead to new combinations of genetic loci. The efficiency of wheat microsatellite markers to characterize of the T. aestivum/ T. durum, T. aestivum/ T. dicoccum interspecific hybrid lines was shown. From 4 to 12 translocations of different lengths from T. durum and T. dicoccum were identified in the chromosomes of A and Π genomes in the hybrid lines. Meiotic stability of wheat and triticale hybrids was found. It createsΒ prerequisites for preservation of alien genetic material in subsequent generations
Palliative care for patients with HIV infection at the hospital experience of the St. Petersburg AIOS Center
HIV infection is a long-term current incurable infectious disease characterized by lesions of the immune system and the development of opportunistic infections leading to death of the patient. Within the framework of the priority national project in the health sector is implementing a program to HIV / AIDS in the Russian Federation, as a result of which the number of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly increased, coverage of medical observation of people with HIV infections has increased. At the same time a significant number of HIV-infected people remain outside the purview of medical institutions and regular medical and psychosocial assistance, that is bringing a growing number of seriously ill patients in need of palliative care. Palliative care service in HIV infection in Saint Petersburg has some experience, it is now increasingly becoming a highly relevant and useful.ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ§/Π‘ΠΠΠΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠΠ Π’). Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
Morphological prerequisites for the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy
Background Intraoperative rectal injury in prostatectomy patients is an uncommon but severe complication. Particular attention is paid to improving the results of healing damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Objective To study the morphological features of the parietal pelvic fascia and the rectal wall to substantiate the possibility of the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Material and Methods The authors carried out an intravital morphological analysis of the parietal pelvic fascia covering the levator rectum muscle and the anterior rectal wall in 10 men.Results The parietal pelvic fascia contains more powerful bundles of collagen fibers, which in certain areas are partially woven into the fibers of striated muscle tissue. The adventitia of the rectum is characterized by a looser arrangement of the interacting components of the formed connective and smooth muscle tissue. In the studied formations of the small pelvis, the thickness of collagen fibers separately and in the composition of bundles, as well as the cells of the differon and each fiber separately did not differ, which indicated the identity of their tinctorial properties in the compared zones.Conclusion Morphological analysis showed that when juxtaposing and touching the edges of the healing area of the surgical wound without tension, a stable and continuous scar of the fascial duplication is formed, which ensures reliable fusion of the stitched anatomical structures
ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ (COVID-19) Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Purpose. Analyze and identify the features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods. An analysis of the course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was carried out in 16 patients with HIV infection who were hospitalized at the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases from April to October 2020. All patients underwent a study of biological material from the oropharynx and nasopharynx for COVID-19 and diagnosed based on a positive PCR result.Results. In HIV-infected patients with diagnosed coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19, signs of progression of HIV infection, clinical, immunological, virological (75%), opportunistic diseases and comorbidities (chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic decompensated stage, cardiovascular diseases and others) (94%). A small sample of patients did not allow to determine with reliable accuracy the mutual influence of existing diseases and pathologies, but, of course, multiple comorbid pathologies play a role in the development of severe conditions and unfavorable outcomes. A clinical case is presented.Conclusion. The provoking factors have been identified that play a role in the development of infection and more severe forms of coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients (injecting drug use, alcohol abuse, late stage of HIV infection (4B, 4C) and progression of earlier stages (4A ), a low number of CD4 lymphocytes (less than 200 cells / ΞΌl), multiple comorbid pathology (HIV infection, opportunistic diseases, comorbidities, especially chronic liver damage in the stage of decompensated cirrhosis), absence, interrupted antiretroviral therapy, multiple changes of regimens, absence prevention of opportunistic diseases). A patient with HIV infection at ART. 4B with multiple comorbidity, the possibility of long-term persistence of the COVID-19 virus coronavirus with positive and negative results for more than 2 months and later development of lung damage caused by COVID-19 was established.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (COVID-19) Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (COVID-19) Ρ 16 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΎ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2020 Π³. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠΎ- ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° COVID-19 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ¦Π .Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ COVID-19, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (75%), ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ (Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.)(94%). ΠΠ°Π»Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ COVID-19 Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (4Π, 4Π) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ (4Π), Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ CD4-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 200 ΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΊΠ»), ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°), ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ). Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ 4Π Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° COVID-19 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ COVID-19.
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ
In present review the connection of the reactogenity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccines not only with high content of the alien proteins, but also with content of the specific antigen for TBE virus was shown. By the example of vaccine Β«Encepur AdultΒ» (Germany), containing neither polygeline and human serum albumin, feebly marked postvaccinal reactions was considered as positive fact, essentially influencing on the activity of the specific immune response.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅- ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Β«ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΉΒ», Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅- ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°
ΠΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Objective. To study the clinical manifestations of CNS lesionsΒ caused by different factors in patients with HIV diseaseΒ progression.Materials and methods. The study involved 128 ART naΓ―veΒ HIV patients with CD4 cell counts <350 cells/mcL. TheseΒ patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (main group)Β consisted of 63 patients with clinical features of CNS involvementΒ and Group 2 (control group) consisted with 65 patientsΒ without clinical features of CNS involvement (65). We analyzedΒ the data of clinical, laboratory and instrumental parametersΒ and neuropsychiatric status.Results. In the main study group the most commonly diagnosedCNS disorders were HIV encephalitis in 29 casesΒ (46.0%), cerebral toxoplasmosis in 18 cases (28,6%); fungalΒ infection of the CNS in 10 cases (17,2%), HSV infection inΒ 14 cases (22%). In 28,6% of cases CNS lesions were causedΒ by mixed infection. On average, the CSF HIV RNA level in theΒ main group was 13,2 times higher than in the control group.Β The HIV RNA levels were higher in plasma than CSF.Conclusion: We determined the most common causes ofΒ CNS involvement in HIV patients (HIV, toxoplasmosis, fungalΒ infections, HSV). This study shows the feasibility of CSFΒ testing for HIV RNA load and opportunistic infections in HIVΒ patients with advanced immunosuppression.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 128 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π‘D4-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² < 350 ΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΊΠ», Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (63 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°), ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ β Π±Π΅Π·Β ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (65 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ). ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅,Β Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΠΠ§-ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ (29 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² β 46,0%); ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (18β28,6%); Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (10β17,2%), Π³Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (14β22%). Π 28,6% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΡΒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΡ-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ Π² 13,2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ.Β ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΒ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (ΠΠΠ§, ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ·, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π³Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ-Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ). Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ§, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
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