Place of the partial dopamine receptor agonist aripiprazole in the management of schizophrenia in adults: a Delphi consensus study

International audienceBackground: Aripiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic, efficacious in patients with schizophrenia during acute episodes. Due to its pharmacological profile, aripiprazole may be of interest in patients with specific clinical profiles who have not been studied extensively in randomised clinical trials.Objectives: To capture experience with aripiprazole in everyday psychiatric practice using the Delphi method in order to inform decision-making on the use of aripiprazole for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia in clinical situations where robust evidence from clinical trials is lacking.Methods: The scope of the survey was defined as the management of schizophrenia in adults. A systematic literature review was performed to identify the different clinical situations in which aripiprazole has been studied, and to describe the level of clinical evidence. Clinical profiles to include in the Delphi survey were selected if there was a clear interest in terms of medical need but uncertainty over the efficacy of aripiprazole. For each clinical profile retained, five to seven specific statements were generated and included in a questionnaire. The final 41-item questionnaire was proposed to a panel of 406 French psychiatrists with experience in the treatment of schizophrenia. Panellists rated their level of agreement using a Likert scale. A second round of voting on eleven items was organised to clarify points for which a consensus was not obtained in the first round.Results: Five clinical profiles were identified in the literature review (persistent negative symptoms, pregnancy, cognitive dysfunction, addictive comorbidity and clozapine resistance). Sixty-two psychiatrists participated in the first round of the Delphi survey and 33 in the second round. A consensus was obtained for 11 out of 41 items in the first round and for 9/11 items in the second round. According to the panellists' clinical experience, aripiprazole can be used as maintenance treatment for pregnant women, is relevant to preserve cognitive function and can be considered an option in patients with a comorbid addictive disorder or with persistent negative symptoms.Conclusion: These findings may help physicians in choosing relevant ways to use aripiprazole and highlight areas where more research is needed to widen the evidence base

StarDICE I: sensor calibration bench and absolute photometric calibration of a Sony IMX411 sensor

The Hubble diagram of type-Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) provides cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy with an accuracy limited by the flux calibration of currently available spectrophotometric standards. The StarDICE experiment aims at establishing a 5-stage metrology chain from NIST photodiodes to stars, with a targeted accuracy of \SI1{mmag} in $griz$ colors. We present the first two stages, resulting in the calibration transfer from NIST photodiodes to a demonstration \SI{150}{Mpixel} CMOS sensor (Sony IMX411ALR as implemented in the QHY411M camera by QHYCCD). As a side-product, we provide full characterization of this camera. A fully automated spectrophotometric bench is built to perform the calibration transfer. The sensor readout electronics is studied using thousands of flat-field images from which we derive stability, high resolution photon transfer curves and estimates of the individual pixel gain. The sensor quantum efficiency is then measured relative to a NIST-calibrated photodiode. Flat-field scans at 16 different wavelengths are used to build maps of the sensor response. We demonstrate statistical uncertainty on quantum efficiency below \SI{0.001}{e^-/γ} between \SI{387}{nm} and \SI{950}{nm}. Systematic uncertainties in the bench optics are controlled at the level of \SI{1e-3}{e^-/γ}. Uncertainty in the overall normalization of the QE curve is 1%. Regarding the camera we demonstrate stability in steady state conditions at the level of \SI{32.5}{ppm}. Homogeneity in the response is below \SI1{\percent} RMS across the entire sensor area. Quantum efficiency stays above \SI{50}{\percent} in most of the visible range, peaking well above \SI{80}{\percent} between \SI{440}{nm} and \SI{570}{nm}. Differential non-linearities at the level of \SI1{\percent} are detected. A simple 2-parameter model is proposed to mitigate the effect

StarDICE I: sensor calibration bench and absolute photometric calibration of a Sony IMX411 sensor

The Hubble diagram of type-Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) provides cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy with an accuracy limited by the flux calibration of currently available spectrophotometric standards. The StarDICE experiment aims at establishing a 5-stage metrology chain from NIST photodiodes to stars, with a targeted accuracy of \SI1{mmag} in $griz$ colors. We present the first two stages, resulting in the calibration transfer from NIST photodiodes to a demonstration \SI{150}{Mpixel} CMOS sensor (Sony IMX411ALR as implemented in the QHY411M camera by QHYCCD). As a side-product, we provide full characterization of this camera. A fully automated spectrophotometric bench is built to perform the calibration transfer. The sensor readout electronics is studied using thousands of flat-field images from which we derive stability, high resolution photon transfer curves and estimates of the individual pixel gain. The sensor quantum efficiency is then measured relative to a NIST-calibrated photodiode. Flat-field scans at 16 different wavelengths are used to build maps of the sensor response. We demonstrate statistical uncertainty on quantum efficiency below \SI{0.001}{e^-/γ} between \SI{387}{nm} and \SI{950}{nm}. Systematic uncertainties in the bench optics are controlled at the level of \SI{1e-3}{e^-/γ}. Uncertainty in the overall normalization of the QE curve is 1%. Regarding the camera we demonstrate stability in steady state conditions at the level of \SI{32.5}{ppm}. Homogeneity in the response is below \SI1{\percent} RMS across the entire sensor area. Quantum efficiency stays above \SI{50}{\percent} in most of the visible range, peaking well above \SI{80}{\percent} between \SI{440}{nm} and \SI{570}{nm}. Differential non-linearities at the level of \SI1{\percent} are detected. A simple 2-parameter model is proposed to mitigate the effect

StarDICE I: sensor calibration bench and absolute photometric calibration of a Sony IMX411 sensor

The Hubble diagram of type-Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) provides cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy with an accuracy limited by the flux calibration of currently available spectrophotometric standards. The StarDICE experiment aims at establishing a 5-stage metrology chain from NIST photodiodes to stars, with a targeted accuracy of \SI1{mmag} in $griz$ colors. We present the first two stages, resulting in the calibration transfer from NIST photodiodes to a demonstration \SI{150}{Mpixel} CMOS sensor (Sony IMX411ALR as implemented in the QHY411M camera by QHYCCD). As a side-product, we provide full characterization of this camera. A fully automated spectrophotometric bench is built to perform the calibration transfer. The sensor readout electronics is studied using thousands of flat-field images from which we derive stability, high resolution photon transfer curves and estimates of the individual pixel gain. The sensor quantum efficiency is then measured relative to a NIST-calibrated photodiode. Flat-field scans at 16 different wavelengths are used to build maps of the sensor response. We demonstrate statistical uncertainty on quantum efficiency below \SI{0.001}{e^-/γ} between \SI{387}{nm} and \SI{950}{nm}. Systematic uncertainties in the bench optics are controlled at the level of \SI{1e-3}{e^-/γ}. Uncertainty in the overall normalization of the QE curve is 1%. Regarding the camera we demonstrate stability in steady state conditions at the level of \SI{32.5}{ppm}. Homogeneity in the response is below \SI1{\percent} RMS across the entire sensor area. Quantum efficiency stays above \SI{50}{\percent} in most of the visible range, peaking well above \SI{80}{\percent} between \SI{440}{nm} and \SI{570}{nm}. Differential non-linearities at the level of \SI1{\percent} are detected. A simple 2-parameter model is proposed to mitigate the effect

StarDICE I: sensor calibration bench and absolute photometric calibration of a Sony IMX411 sensor

The Hubble diagram of type-Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) provides cosmological constraints on the nature of dark energy with an accuracy limited by the flux calibration of currently available spectrophotometric standards. The StarDICE experiment aims at establishing a 5-stage metrology chain from NIST photodiodes to stars, with a targeted accuracy of \SI1{mmag} in $griz$ colors. We present the first two stages, resulting in the calibration transfer from NIST photodiodes to a demonstration \SI{150}{Mpixel} CMOS sensor (Sony IMX411ALR as implemented in the QHY411M camera by QHYCCD). As a side-product, we provide full characterization of this camera. A fully automated spectrophotometric bench is built to perform the calibration transfer. The sensor readout electronics is studied using thousands of flat-field images from which we derive stability, high resolution photon transfer curves and estimates of the individual pixel gain. The sensor quantum efficiency is then measured relative to a NIST-calibrated photodiode. Flat-field scans at 16 different wavelengths are used to build maps of the sensor response. We demonstrate statistical uncertainty on quantum efficiency below \SI{0.001}{e^-/γ} between \SI{387}{nm} and \SI{950}{nm}. Systematic uncertainties in the bench optics are controlled at the level of \SI{1e-3}{e^-/γ}. Uncertainty in the overall normalization of the QE curve is 1%. Regarding the camera we demonstrate stability in steady state conditions at the level of \SI{32.5}{ppm}. Homogeneity in the response is below \SI1{\percent} RMS across the entire sensor area. Quantum efficiency stays above \SI{50}{\percent} in most of the visible range, peaking well above \SI{80}{\percent} between \SI{440}{nm} and \SI{570}{nm}. Differential non-linearities at the level of \SI1{\percent} are detected. A simple 2-parameter model is proposed to mitigate the effect