276 research outputs found

    Dehydrogenase-dependent ethanol metabolism in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) lacking cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase. Reversibility and isotope effects in vivo and in subcellular fractions

    Get PDF
    Elimination of [2H]ethanol in vivo as studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry occurred at about half the rate in deer mice reported to lack alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-) compared with ADH+ deer mice and exhibited kinetic isotope effects on Vmax and Km (D(V/K] of 2.2 +/- 0.1 and 3.2 +/- 0.8 in the two strains, respectively. To an equal extent in both strains, ethanol elimination was accompanied by an ethanol-acetaldehyde exchange with an intermolecular transfer of hydrogen atoms, indicating the occurrence of dehydrogenase activity. This exchange was also observed in perfused deer mouse livers. Based on calculations it was estimated that at least 50% of ethanol elimination in ADH- deer mice was caused by the action of dehydrogenase systems. NADPH-supported cytochrome P-450-dependent ethanol oxidation in liver microsomes from ADH+ and ADH- deer mice was not stereoselective and occurred with a D(V/K) of 3.6. The D(V/K) value of catalase-dependent oxidation was 1.8, whereas a kinetic isotope effect of cytosolic ADH in the ADH+ strain was 3.2. Mitochondria from both ADH+ and ADH- deer mice catalyzed NAD+-dependent ethanol oxidation and NADH-dependent acetaldehyde reduction. The kinetic isotope effects of NAD+-dependent ethanol oxidation in the mitochondrial fraction from ADH+ and ADH- deer mice were 2.0 +/- 0.1 and 2.3 +/- 0.3, respectively. The results indicate only a minor contribution by cytochrome P-450 to ethanol elimination, whereas the isotope effects are consistent with ethanol oxidation by the catalase-H2O2 system in ADH- deer mice in addition to the dehydrogenase systems

    Utforska potentialen för anvÀndning av Natural Language Processing pÄ Twitter data för att förstÄ anvÀndningen av parker i Stockholm

    No full text
    Traditional methods used to investigate the usage of parks consists of questionnaire which is both a very time- and- resource consuming method. Today more than four billion people daily use some form of social media platform. This has led to the creation of huge amount of data being generated every day through various social media platforms and has created a potential new source for retrieving large amounts of data. This report will investigate a modern approach, using Natural Language Processing on Twitter data to understand how parks in Stockholm being used. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area within artificial intelligence and is referred to the process to read, analyze, and understand large amount of text data and is considered to be the future for understanding unstructured text. Twitter data were obtained through Twitters open API. Data from three parks in Stockholm were collected between the periods 2015-2019. Three analysis were then performed, temporal, sentiment, and topic modeling analysis. The results from the above analysis show that it is possible to understand what attitudes and activities are associated with visiting parks using NLP on social media data. It is clear that sentiment analysis is a difficult task for computers to solve and it is still in an early stage of development. The results from the sentiment analysis indicate some uncertainties. To achieve more reliable results, the analysis would consist of much more data, more thorough cleaning methods and be based on English tweets. One significant conclusion given the results is that people’s attitudes and activities linked to each park are clearly correlated with the different attributes each park consists of. Another clear pattern is that the usage of parks significantly peaks during holiday celebrations and positive sentiments are the most strongly linked emotion with park visits. Findings suggest future studies to focus on combining the approach in this report with geospatial data based on a social media platform were users share their geolocation to a greater extent.Traditionella metoder anvĂ€nda för att förstĂ„ hur mĂ€nniskor anvĂ€nder parker bestĂ„r av frĂ„geformulĂ€r, en mycket tids -och- resurskrĂ€vande metod. Idag anvĂ€nder mer en fyra miljarder mĂ€nniskor nĂ„gon form av social medieplattform dagligen. Det har inneburit att enorma datamĂ€ngder genereras dagligen via olika sociala media plattformar och har skapat potential för en ny kĂ€lla att erhĂ„lla stora mĂ€ngder data. Denna undersöker ett modernt tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt, genom anvĂ€ndandet av Natural Language Processing av Twitter data för att förstĂ„ hur parker i Stockholm anvĂ€nds. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Ă€r ett omrĂ„de inom artificiell intelligens och syftar till processen att lĂ€sa, analysera och förstĂ„ stora mĂ€ngder textdata och anses vara framtiden för att förstĂ„ ostrukturerad text. Data frĂ„n Twitter inhĂ€mtades via Twitters öppna API. Data frĂ„n tre parker i Stockholm erhölls mellan perioden 2015–2019. Tre analyser genomfördes dĂ€refter, temporal, sentiment och topic modeling. Resultaten frĂ„n ovanstĂ„ende analyser visar att det Ă€r möjligt att förstĂ„ vilka attityder och aktiviteter som Ă€r associerade med att besöka parker genom anvĂ€ndandet av NLP baserat pĂ„ data frĂ„n sociala medier. Det Ă€r tydligt att sentiment analys Ă€r ett svĂ„rt problem för datorer att lösa och Ă€r fortfarande i ett tidigt skede i utvecklingen. Resultaten frĂ„n sentiment analysen indikerar nĂ„gra osĂ€kerheter. För att uppnĂ„ mer tillförlitliga resultat skulle analysen bestĂ„tt av mycket mer data, mer exakta metoder för data rensning samt baserats pĂ„ tweets skrivna pĂ„ engelska. En tydlig slutsats frĂ„n resultaten Ă€r att mĂ€nniskors attityder och aktiviteter kopplade till varje park Ă€r tydligt korrelerat med de olika attributen respektive park bestĂ„r av. Ytterligare ett tydligt mönster Ă€r att anvĂ€ndandet av parker Ă€r som högst under högtider och att positiva kĂ€nslor Ă€r starkast kopplat till park-besök. Resultaten föreslĂ„r att framtida studier fokuserar pĂ„ att kombinera metoden i denna rapport med geospatial data baserat pĂ„ en social medieplattform dĂ€r anvĂ€ndare delar sin platsinfo i större utstrĂ€ckning

    Influence of Heterosexism and Homophobia upon the Development of Drug Addiction Amongst Lesbians and Gays

    No full text
    This study examines homophobia and heterosexism, which denies, denigrates, and stigmatizes any nonheterosexual form of behavior, identity, relationship, or community ( Herek. 19901 and how it influences the incidence of drug addiction among lesbians and gays. This study utilizes interviews and surveys with chemically dependent lesbians and gays in recovery to examine and expand upon research that suggests drug addiction amongst lesbians and gays is significantly related to heterosexism and homophobia, which fosters the internalization of homophobia. This research discusses subjects\u27 prior experiences with family, community, and institutional incidences of homophobic and heterosexist attitudes and the onset of drug abuse in relation to coming out

    Utforska potentialen för anvÀndning av Natural Language Processing pÄ Twitter data för att förstÄ anvÀndningen av parker i Stockholm

    No full text
    Traditional methods used to investigate the usage of parks consists of questionnaire which is both a very time- and- resource consuming method. Today more than four billion people daily use some form of social media platform. This has led to the creation of huge amount of data being generated every day through various social media platforms and has created a potential new source for retrieving large amounts of data. This report will investigate a modern approach, using Natural Language Processing on Twitter data to understand how parks in Stockholm being used. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area within artificial intelligence and is referred to the process to read, analyze, and understand large amount of text data and is considered to be the future for understanding unstructured text. Twitter data were obtained through Twitters open API. Data from three parks in Stockholm were collected between the periods 2015-2019. Three analysis were then performed, temporal, sentiment, and topic modeling analysis. The results from the above analysis show that it is possible to understand what attitudes and activities are associated with visiting parks using NLP on social media data. It is clear that sentiment analysis is a difficult task for computers to solve and it is still in an early stage of development. The results from the sentiment analysis indicate some uncertainties. To achieve more reliable results, the analysis would consist of much more data, more thorough cleaning methods and be based on English tweets. One significant conclusion given the results is that people’s attitudes and activities linked to each park are clearly correlated with the different attributes each park consists of. Another clear pattern is that the usage of parks significantly peaks during holiday celebrations and positive sentiments are the most strongly linked emotion with park visits. Findings suggest future studies to focus on combining the approach in this report with geospatial data based on a social media platform were users share their geolocation to a greater extent.Traditionella metoder anvĂ€nda för att förstĂ„ hur mĂ€nniskor anvĂ€nder parker bestĂ„r av frĂ„geformulĂ€r, en mycket tids -och- resurskrĂ€vande metod. Idag anvĂ€nder mer en fyra miljarder mĂ€nniskor nĂ„gon form av social medieplattform dagligen. Det har inneburit att enorma datamĂ€ngder genereras dagligen via olika sociala media plattformar och har skapat potential för en ny kĂ€lla att erhĂ„lla stora mĂ€ngder data. Denna undersöker ett modernt tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt, genom anvĂ€ndandet av Natural Language Processing av Twitter data för att förstĂ„ hur parker i Stockholm anvĂ€nds. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Ă€r ett omrĂ„de inom artificiell intelligens och syftar till processen att lĂ€sa, analysera och förstĂ„ stora mĂ€ngder textdata och anses vara framtiden för att förstĂ„ ostrukturerad text. Data frĂ„n Twitter inhĂ€mtades via Twitters öppna API. Data frĂ„n tre parker i Stockholm erhölls mellan perioden 2015–2019. Tre analyser genomfördes dĂ€refter, temporal, sentiment och topic modeling. Resultaten frĂ„n ovanstĂ„ende analyser visar att det Ă€r möjligt att förstĂ„ vilka attityder och aktiviteter som Ă€r associerade med att besöka parker genom anvĂ€ndandet av NLP baserat pĂ„ data frĂ„n sociala medier. Det Ă€r tydligt att sentiment analys Ă€r ett svĂ„rt problem för datorer att lösa och Ă€r fortfarande i ett tidigt skede i utvecklingen. Resultaten frĂ„n sentiment analysen indikerar nĂ„gra osĂ€kerheter. För att uppnĂ„ mer tillförlitliga resultat skulle analysen bestĂ„tt av mycket mer data, mer exakta metoder för data rensning samt baserats pĂ„ tweets skrivna pĂ„ engelska. En tydlig slutsats frĂ„n resultaten Ă€r att mĂ€nniskors attityder och aktiviteter kopplade till varje park Ă€r tydligt korrelerat med de olika attributen respektive park bestĂ„r av. Ytterligare ett tydligt mönster Ă€r att anvĂ€ndandet av parker Ă€r som högst under högtider och att positiva kĂ€nslor Ă€r starkast kopplat till park-besök. Resultaten föreslĂ„r att framtida studier fokuserar pĂ„ att kombinera metoden i denna rapport med geospatial data baserat pĂ„ en social medieplattform dĂ€r anvĂ€ndare delar sin platsinfo i större utstrĂ€ckning

    Moderskap inom samkönade Àktenskap : Kan faderskapspresumtionen kvarstÄ nÀr regleringen av assisterad befruktning förÀndras?

    No full text
    Kvinnans förutsĂ€ttningar inom familj och arbetsliv har genomgĂ„tt stora förĂ€ndringar genom historien. Uppsatsen har skrivits med utgĂ„ngspunkt frĂ„n kvinnans rĂ€ttigheter och skyldigheter inom förĂ€ldraskapets omrĂ„de bĂ„de som moder och som medförĂ€lder. Genom en historisk tillbakablick och genomgĂ„ng fram till aktuell reglering visar uppsatsen hur lagar som omfattat kvinnan i stort, samt kvinnan i rollen som mor, har haft en sĂ€rskild position i svensk lagstiftning. Utvecklingen ifrĂ„n att alla kvinnor var omyndiga till att kvinnan omyndigförklarades i samband med giftermĂ„l och slutligen fram till gĂ€llande rĂ€tt dĂ€r tvĂ„ kvinnor kan gifta sig och Ă„tnjuta samma rĂ€ttigheter och skyldigheter som olikkönade par inom Ă€ktenskapets omrĂ„de. Äktenskapsbalkens och FörĂ€ldrabalkens regleringar har genom Ă„ren pĂ„verkat varandra vilket visar hur samhĂ€llet förhĂ„llit sig till personer i olika samlevnadsformers möjligheter till förĂ€ldraskap. Den 1 januari 2019 Ă€ndrades lagstiftningen som rör assisterad befruktning. Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda om den nu aktuella regleringen Ă€r jĂ€mstĂ€lld för alla par. Arbetet har genomförts med en rĂ€ttsdogmatisk metod och med normkritiskt synsĂ€tt för att analysera de normer som legat som underlag för de regleringar som funnits. Slutligen har förslaget om att införa en förĂ€ldraskapspresumtion utretts och satts i förhĂ„llande till den sen lĂ€nge gĂ€llande faderskapspresumtionen
    • 

    corecore