Är registratorn även arkivarie? : En yrkesroll i förändring

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine the registrar’s role within the organization, their relation to the archival profession and their professional status. As the title suggests, the question is raised whether registrars also could be considered archivists. The underlying background that brought this question forward is the notion that the information management within Swedish government agencies is changing, which effects not only the archival profession, but also registrars; a professional group which is pivotal for the management of information in Sweden. Although registrars are essential, they have not been the focal point for Swedish research in neither archival nor information science. Using semistructured interviews, nine registrars working in government agencies in southern Sweden were interviewed. In addition, a second source material was used in the form of the book I handlingarnas centrum – registratorer berättar, containing occupational memories from registrars in Sweden. The theoretical framework is mainly based on Andrew Abbott’s the System of professions and his thoughts on jurisidiction. The theory is applied when analysing the material to assess registrar’s informal claims of jurisdiction by focusing on the workplace arena. Furthermore, a profession is interpreted by utilizing Thomas Brante’s defintion. The results show that registrar’s role within the organization, and in government agencies overall, is indeed changing to fit the needs brought forward by digitisation. There are apparent similarities but also demarcations between registrars and archivists, which indicates a fragmentary divison of responsibilities and the actual work. Furthermore, the results substantiates conclusions from recent literature that registrars are occupying more strategic positions within the organization. The final discussion highlights that there is an apparent division of intellectual and practical jurisdiction between registrars and archivists, where registrars hold the latter. However, a potential development is identified where registrars are permitted to make claims on the archival professions jurisdiction, thus effecting them both in their role within the organization. The most important conclusion suggests that registrars and their work should be included at a higher degree in the archival science and education, in order to strengthen their professional status

Assessing flooding and possible adaptation measures using remote sensing data and hydrological modeling in Sweden

Recently, Europe is experiencing more frequent and greater floods compared to the last 500 years due to climate change among other factors. This has increased the associated risks, especially in urban areas, which poses a great challenge to all stakeholders. To protect traffic networks from possible floods, this paper uses QGIS, remote sensing data, and HEC-HMS model to assess flooding events and possible adaptation measures. Two case studies have been taken; 1) a 60-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2012 on a main road in the Northern part of Sweden (NB)); and 2) a 35-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2019 in the Southern part of Gothenburg (GO). The resulting flood hydrographs show that the peak reached are 0.5 m3/s and 3.8 m3/s in GO and NB, respectively. To adapt to these flood events, four adaptation measures were assessed namely afforestation, permeable pavements & green roofs, multi-use detention basins and culvert installation considering food production, biodiversity, prosperity, and the environment. The study has shown that afforestation is an effective flood risk mitigation measure to handle both moderate and extreme rain events. Well-maintained permeable surfaces and green roofs are effective in reducing flooding due to moderate rainfall, but not in reducing the impacts of extreme rainfall events. Well-designed multi-functional detention basins are good flood protection measures, however, if they are not well-maintained, their efficiency may be reduced by up to 90 %. Culverts are effective for frequent and limited rain events but extreme rain events may even increase flood risk and thereby contribute to damaging the infrastructure

A framework for identification, assessment and prioritization of climate change adaptation measures for roads and railways

Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal-and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them

Determinants of SME's depositors retention in Maybank / Nor Samsinah Yahaya, Nadhirah Aiman Ahmad Nordin and Amiza Lina Nawari

Malayan Banking Bhd (Maybank) is experiencing a critical challenge in retaining their SME's depositors mainly in Selangor region. Their decline in deposit is alarming and worsened over the year. This has led to possibility the decrease in revenue for the performance year 2018. As such, this study has focused on examining the determinants of SME's depositor retention in Maybank. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of pricing, customer relationship, responsiveness and reliability towards retention of SME's depositors. The simple random sampling technique was used to sample 131 respondents from Selangor region namely Shah Alam, Subang and Kajang. The results of multiple regression analysis show that reliability, pricing, customer relationship, responsiveness and retention of SME's depositors are significant. Out of the four variables, pricing showed the greatest influence on retention of SME's depositors (p=0.395, /><0.05). Pricing as according to Jain & Tarannum Syed, 2017, was the main factor reason behind any customer retention that, when it is significant and able to attract a new customer, it is a higher and main issue in mounting loyalty and retaining customer. Therefore, it is suggested that Maybank to place more attention at the price mechanism as it is part of the critical strategy in retaining their SME's depositor. This includes, providing the best flexible rate of return, fair pricing and the best interest rate that eventually become the best factor which customers would views it as value thus led to SME's loyalty and eventually retaining the SME's depositors

Determining the Influential Factors Motivating Undergraduate Students to Initiate Entrepreneurial Ventures

Every day, new startups emerge, and a significant portion of them will experience failure just as quickly. The global rise in population has led to a growing concern about unemployment. However, job opportunities are not expanding at a comparable rate to the overall population increase. Consequently, many unemployed individuals are turning to self-employment as a means to regain their dignity and livelihood. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Model serves as the underlying theoretical framework, given recent research indicating that intentions can effectively forecast future entrepreneurial activities. This research aims to investigate the intentions related to becoming an entrepreneur in terms of personal attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. The study primarily targets undergraduate students who face the choice of either entering the workforce or pursuing entrepreneurship upon graduation. Employing a descriptive research approach, this study seeks to provide valuable insights and elucidate the connections among attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control that impact entrepreneurial intentions among Malaysian undergraduate students. To assess their entrepreneurial intentions, respondents will complete a structured questionnaire. The study's findings underscore the significance of social entrepreneurship intentions in cultivating students' interest in becoming future entrepreneurs. Insights from this study could provide valuable guidance to educational institutions, policymakers, and entrepreneurship support organizations in designing effective interventions and initiatives aimed at nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit among undergraduate students

Climate Benefit of Different Tree Species on Former Agricultural Land in Northern Europe

The new European Union Forest Strategy for 2030 aims to plant an additional 3 billion trees on non-forest land to mitigate climate change. However, the choice of tree species for afforestation to achieve the maximum climate benefit is unclear. We compared the climate benefit of six different species in terms of carbon (C) sequestration in biomass and the harvested wood substitution in products to avoid carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-based materials over the 100-year period by afforesting about 1/4 of the available area in northern Europe. The highest climate benefit was observed for larch, both at a stand scale (1626 Mg CO2 eqv. ha(-1)) and at the landscape level for the studied scenario (579 million Mg CO2 eqv.). Larch was followed by Norway spruce, poplar, hybrid aspen and birch, showing a climate benefit about 40-50% lower than that for larch. The climate benefit of willow was about 70% lower than larch. Willow showed 6-14-fold lower C stocks at the landscape level after 100 years than other tree species. The major climate benefit over the 100-year period comes from wood substitution and avoided emissions, but C stock buildup at the landscape level also removes significant amounts of CO2 already present in the atmosphere. The choice of tree species is important to maximize climate change mitigation

Determinants of SME's depositors retention in Maybank / Nor Samsinah Yahaya, Nadhirah Alman Ahmad Nordin And Amiza Lina Nawari

Malayan Banking Bhd (Maybank) is experiencing a critical challenge in retaining their SME's depositors mainly in Selangor region. Their decline in deposit is alarming and worsened over the year. This has led to possibility the decrease in revenue for the performance year 2018. As such, this study has focused on examining the determinants of SME's depositor retention in Maybank. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of pricing, customer relationship, responsiveness and reliability towards retention of SME's depositors. The simple random sampling technique was used to sample 131 respondents from Selangor region namely Shah Alam, Subang and Kajang. The results of multiple regression analysis show that reliability, pricing, customer relationship, responsiveness and retention of SME's depositors are significant. Out of the four variables, pricing showed the greatest influence on retention of SME's depositors (p=O.39S, p<O.OS). Pricing as according to Jain & Tarannum Syed, 2017, was the main factor reason behind any customer retention that, when it is significant and able to attract a new customer, it is a higher and main issue in mounting loyalty and retaining customer. Therefore, it is suggested that Maybank to place more attention at the price mechanism as it is pari of the critical strategy in retaining their SME's depositor. This includes, providing the best flexible rate of return, fair pricing and the best interest rate that eventually become the best factor which customers would views it as value thus led to SME's loyalty and eventually retaining the SME's depositors

Managing existing forests can mitigate climate change

Planting new forests has received scientific and political attention as a measure to mitigate climate change. Large, new forests have been planted in places like China and Ethiopia and, over time, a billion hectares could become available globally for planting new forests. Sustainable management of forests, which are available to wood production, has received less attention despite these forests covering at least two billion hectares globally. Better management of existing forests would improve forest growth and help mitigate climate change by increasing the forest carbon (C) stock, by storing C in forest products, and by generating wood-based materials substituting fossil C based materials or other CO2-emission-intensive materials. Some published research assumes a trade-off between the timber harvested from existing forests and the stock of C in those forest ecosystems, asserting that both cannot increase simultaneously. We tested this assumption using the uniquely detailed forest inventory data available from Finland, Norway and Sweden, hereafter denoted northern Europe. We focused on the period 1960 - 2017, that saw little change in the total area covered by forests in northern Europe. At the start of the period, rotational forestry practices began to diffuse, eventually replacing selective felling management systems as the most common management practice. Looking at data over the period we find that despite significant increases in timber and pulp wood harvests, the growth of the forest C stock accelerated. Over the study period, the C stock of the forest ecosystems in northern Europe increased by nearly 70%, while annual timber harvests increased at the about 40% over the same period. This increase in the forest C stock was close to on par with the CO2-emissions from the region (other greenhouse gases not included). Our results suggest that the important effects of management on forest growth allows the forest C stock and timber harvests to increase simultaneously. The development in northern Europe raises the question of how better forest management can improve forest growth elsewhere around the globe while at the same time protecting biodiversity and preserving landscapes

Managing existing forests can mitigate climate change

Planting new forests has received scientific and political attention as a measure to mitigate climate change. Large, new forests have been planted in places like China and Ethiopia and, over time, a billion hectares could become available globally for planting new forests. Sustainable management of forests, which are available to wood production, has received less attention despite these forests covering at least two billion hectares globally. Better management of existing forests would improve forest growth and help mitigate climate change by increasing the forest carbon (C) stock, by storing C in forest products, and by generating wood-based materials substituting fossil C based materials or other CO2-emission-intensive materials. Some published research assumes a trade-off between the timber harvested from existing forests and the stock of C in those forest ecosystems, asserting that both cannot increase simultaneously. We tested this assumption using the uniquely detailed forest inventory data available from Finland, Norway and Sweden, hereafter denoted northern Europe. We focused on the period 1960 - 2017, that saw little change in the total area covered by forests in northern Europe. At the start of the period, rotational forestry practices began to diffuse, eventually replacing selective felling management systems as the most common management practice. Looking at data over the period we find that despite significant increases in timber and pulp wood harvests, the growth of the forest C stock accelerated. Over the study period, the C stock of the forest ecosystems in northern Europe increased by nearly 70%, while annual timber harvests increased at the about 40% over the same period. This increase in the forest C stock was close to on par with the CO2-emissions from the region (other greenhouse gases not included). Our results suggest that the important effects of management on forest growth allows the forest C stock and timber harvests to increase simultaneously. The development in northern Europe raises the question of how better forest management can improve forest growth elsewhere around the globe while at the same time protecting biodiversity and preserving landscapes.Peer reviewe