Nutrient Profiling Model Towards Recommendation of A Healthy Diet: A Scoping Review

The objective of this study is to identify the availability of Nutrient Profiling (NP) models worldwide and discuss their application. This scoping review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for the Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) and the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Articles related to NP among adults published from 2012 to 2022, written in English, were retrieved from the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Pubmed databases. Mendeley software was used for database acquisition and MS Excel for the syntesis process. Only 17 articles out of 2,019 article titles identified met the inclusion criteria for the review. This review discovers that the applications of NP in nutrition policies include food labelling, Front-Of-Pack (FOP), and regulations on food marketing, health, and nutrition. Fibre is the nutrient that needs to be included in the NP application compared to saturated fats, fatty acids, sodium, and total sugar. This scoping review demonstrates the scientific basis of the NP model’s development in public health policy, leading to advocacy and the recommendation of healthy diets

Factors associated with physical inactivity among school-going adolescents: data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey 2012

The importance of physical activity to health is well recognized. Good health habits should begin from a young age. This article aims to explore physical activity among Malaysian school adolescents and factors associated with it. Data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey (MSNS), comprising a nationally representative sample of school-going children aged 10 to 17 years, were used. The overall prevalence of physically inactive adolescents was 57.3%. Age in years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.23), gender - females (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.66-3.10), afternoon school session, breakfast consumption (no breakfast and irregular breakfast), body mass index status (obese and underweight), and body weight perception (underweight perceivers) were significant factors associated with physical inactivity among Malaysian adolescents. Thus, there is evidence that programs to promote physical activity in this group should consider the combination of the aforementioned factors at the household, school, and community levels

Cloud of Word vs DroidKungfu : Performance evaluation in detecting root exploit malware with deep learning approach

Android mobile malware is a type of malware that execute malicious activities (stealing and collecting data and running programs without the user's knowledge) in victims' Android mobile device. There are several types of malware, for instance; 1) Root exploit; 2) Botnet; 3) Trojan; and 4) Ransomware. Among these, root exploit is the most dangerous as it is able to gain control over the root privileges of an operating system (OS) stealthily, avoids security software scanning, and further installs other types of malware. Moreover, there are multiple types of root exploit families that attack Android, such as Droidkungfu, Droiddream, and Asroot. However, Droidkungfu possesses the highest number of samples among other families and able to survive with updated versions (version one until six). Therefore, the updated version could be increasing in the future. Furthermore, finding the best features in detecting root exploit is challenging, as the categories (permission, system calls, and intent) are many to choose from. Moreover, finding the ideal number of features is challenging as well, as it is able to affect machine learning detection. Thus, this study focuses to develop a solid model to predict undiscovered Droidkungfu by converting all the codes in images and adopted a Convolutional neural network (CNN) with Word of Cloud (WoC) to discover features automatically without considering the categories and number of features in the code. Among all parameters in evaluation, the highest result is 96 % accuracy in predicting unknown Droidkungfu and proved to detect new versions of this family in the future

Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Muar, Johor, Malaysia

Various factors may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes; either maternal or foetal outcomes. This study aimed was to determine the association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This is a cross sectional study. Data were collected from the birth records from January 1st 2012 until December 31st 2012 in Muar District. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were done and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with p-value <0.05. The proportion of birth in Muar district, Johor was 14.8% among mothers aged 35 years and older and 85.2% among mothers aged 20 to 34 years. Advanced maternal age was associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (aOR: 5.00; 95%CI: 1.95-12.65), gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.35-4.00) and Caesarean section (aOR: 2.21; 95%CI: 1.53-3.19). Anaemia was negatively associated with advanced maternal age (aOR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.32-0.78). No significant association was found between advanced maternal age and adverse foetal outcomes. In view of the findings, special attention should be paid to the antenatal mothers aged 35 years and older, even to those without any pre-existing medical problems

A Review: Green Life And Behavior Change for Net Zero by Non Governmental Organizations

global warming and environmental issues are being caused by the overuse of fossil fuels and increased industrialization around the world, which has resulted in the production of greenhouse gases. As a result, it's crucial to reach net-zero carbon emissions. By balancing the total quantity of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas emissions over a specific period and taking actions that are ecologically responsible, net zero carbon emissions can be accomplished. For environmental sustainability to be successful, it must be able to influence people's attitudes and behavior toward the environment. To understand NGOs' obligations in supporting net-zero carbon emissions, this paper presents a methodical debate utilizing NGOs as case studies. The method is employed in this work by reviewing the body of primary and secondary research on the study issue. This essay initially lists different environmental NGOs organizations before categorizing and outlining some of the significant GHGs reduction initiatives made by these organizations. This essay also addresses key issues that must be addressed upon to achieve the best outcomes. This report gives a broad overview of the synergizing domains that NGOs around the globe work in to assist improvement environmental security

Methodology of National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS): adolescent health, Malaysia 2022

In Malaysia, the adolescent health surveys conducted in 2012 and 2017 revealed an increasing trend of adolescent health risk behaviours and protective factors. This current article aims to describe the methodology of the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2022: Adolescent Health in Malaysia. The current nationwide cross-sectional survey of Malaysian secondary school students used multistage stratified sampling to select 240 nationally representative schools. This survey is conducted from June to July 2022 among the students in forms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in all Malaysian states by 34 data collection teams. A validated self-administered questionnaire is used, similar to those used in the NHMS 2012 and NHMS 2017. The quality control is done twice, once at the field level and once at the central level. Sample weighting and analysis are conducted using SPSS statistical software version 28.0. A total of 239 out of 240 randomly selected schools with 33,523 adolescents are involved in this study (overall response rate is 89.0%). The distribution of state, sex, and form among adolescents is almost equal. Compared to both previous adolescent health surveys using the same methodology and approaches, the overall response rates for NHMS 2017 and NHMS 2012 are 89.2% and 88.8%, respectively. The implementation of NHMS 2022 has employed an acceptable methodology for a survey of the adolescent population. This reliable data provides national estimates for adolescent health risk behaviours and protective factors. The survey allows the relevant authorities to carried out further improve the health status of adolescents in Malaysia

Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among postpartum women attending government primary health care clinics in Malaysia

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important gender-based, social, and public health problem that affects women worldwide, including women who are pregnant or have recently given birth. Studies have shown that violence against women often increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aims to examine lifetime and past-year prevalence of IPVamong postpartum women in Malaysia, and to determine the socio-demographic as well as husband’s/partner’s behavioral factors associated with IPV exposure. This is a nationwide, cross-sectional and clinic-based study involving a total of 5727 women at 6 to 16 weeks postpartum, who attended randomly selected government health clinics between July to November 2016. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained female enumerators based on a pre-validated structured questionnaire, using mobile devices as data collection tools. Chisquared tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate selected factors associated with IPVexposure. The lifetime and past-year prevalence of any form of IPV among postpartum women were 4.94% (95% CI [3.81,6.39]) and 2.42% (95% CI [1.74,3.35]) respectively, with the highest prevalence being emotional violence, followed by physical and sexual violence. Multivariable analysis showed that husband’s/partner’s behaviors, such as frequent alcohol use, drug use, fighting habits and controlling behaviour were significantly associated with both lifetime and past-year IPV (all p < 0.001 for past-year IPV). These findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies for IPV should consider the prevention of substance use and reducing controlling behaviors by husband/partner, as well as raising awareness to build healthy relationships through education

Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study

The study aimed to determine the associated factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This was a case-control study with a one-to-one ratio matched by sex as well as by three age categories (6‒11 months, 12‒35 months, dan 36‒59 months) between underweight and normal-weight children. There were 364 underweight children and 364 children with normal weight recruited from four government clinics and 118 preschools in Putrajaya. Both groups were assessed via face-to-face interviews; anthropometric measurements; haemoglobin level through finger prick blood sample; and a self-administered 3-day food diary. Underweight is defined as a weight-for-age z score less than -2SD based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 Growth Chart. The logistic regression’s final model revealed that various factors were significantly associated with underweight among children under five in Putrajaya. These factors included father being employed as a non-government servant [aOR:1.45 (95% CI:1.04‒2.02) compared to government servant], children from B40 group with a monthly household income less than <RM 7,380 (USD 1727.33) [aOR:2.17 (95% CI:1.01‒4.66) compared to T20], monthly expenditure for childcare less than RM 1,000 (USD 234.06), [aOR:1.77 (95% CI:1.01‒3.10) compared to ≥RM 2,000], underweight mother during prepregnancy [aOR:1.89 (95% CI:1.10‒3.26)] compared to normal weight, anemic children [aOR:1.57 (95% CI:1.15‒2.16)] compared to normal children, children using pacifiers [aOR:1.75 (95% CI:1.21‒2.73)] compared to not using pacifiers and children staying with unregistered babysitters [aOR:2.33 (85% CI:1.52‒3.59)] compared to those attending kindergarten. The above findings suggest several factors are significantly associated with underweight among children under five years old. Therefore, it highlights on the importance of improving household socioeconomic status, maternal nutritional status, and infant and young child feeding practices to prevent underweight issues in this population