Degenerative myelopathy in dogs

One of the chronic progressive disorders of the spinal cord in dogs is the degenerative myelopathy (DM). The most predisposed age in dog is 5 to 14 years, while rarely noted in younger, there is no gender predisposition. This disorder most commonly appears in dogs of the German shepherd breed, but it can appear in other breeds too. The main changes about this disease are degeneration of the myelin, especially in the thoracic-lumbar segments of the spinal cord and the dorsal nerve roots. The progression of the disease is slow and can last months to years. Undoubtedly, diagnosis is made by examinations of the CSF and establishing elevated level of protein segments

Assessment of Step and Touch Voltages for Different Multilayer Soil Models of Complex Grounding Grid

In this paper the influence of different soil models on step and touch voltages are presented. Soil resistivity is the basic characteristic of soil which affects a number of parameters (temperature, humidity, salt content). Basic methods of measuring soil resistivity presented in this paper are: Wenner method, Schlumberger method, General method, Driven rod (3-probe) method and the Dipole-Dipole method. Soil resistivity measurements are used to obtain an equivalent soil model (uniform model, two-layer horizontal model, multi-layer horizontal model, vertical model and others). The CDEGS software package is used for computing GPR (Ground Potential Rise), touch and step voltage with several different soil models. The resulting effect of soil models on the grounding resistance, GPR at the surface, touch and step voltages are shown. The 3D spatial distribution and 2D presentation of all characteristic values for safety analysis are presented and plotted

Generator Assessment of Hydro Power Station Adequacy after Reconstruction from Classical to HIS SF6 Substation

Reliability analysis of substations and generator assessment of power plant stations are very important elements in a design and maintenance process. This paper presents a generator adequacy assessment of a classical “H” scheme for an open conventional substation, which is often used, and a new HIS - High Integrated Switchgear with SF6 gas isolation. Generator adequacy indices of both types of classical and HIS switchgear were compared and the results showed a high level of reliability and availability of the HIS presented substation. The input data were the annual reports of Croatian TSO-Transmission System Operator (HOPS) and statistics of operation events of Croatian National Electricity (HEP Inc.). For the HIS substation, the input reliability data were used from relevant international literature since only few of HIS substations are installed in Croatia. The generator is modelled with a three-state Markov state space model and Monte Carlo simulations were used for the generator assessment analysis. Adequacy indices LOLP and EDNS were obtained using DIgSILENT software

Frequency and Time Response of Power Plant Grounding System Exposed to Lightning Strike

This paper examines the frequency response of power plant grounding system exposed to the lightning current. Large amount of current generated by the stroke flow in the grounding system of power plant and dissipate in the soil.  The electric and magnetic field generated by such high voltages and currents may cause damage of equipment and may be dangerous for the personnel in power plant.  For the every given frequency obtained using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of lightning current impulse, electromagnetic field theory approach is used to solve Maxell’s equation and compute scalar potential, electric and magnetic field. Also, the influence of the point in which lightning current is diffused in the grounding system is presented. Three dimensional plots of spatial distribution of scalar potential, electric and magnetic field are presented. The time domain response of scalar potential, electric and magnetic field on one profile is also presented

An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System in Assessment of Technical Losses in Distribution Networks

The losses in distribution networks have always been key elements in predicting investment, planning work, evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of a network. This paper elaborates on the use of fuzzy logic systems in analyzing the data from a particular substation area predicting losses in the low voltage network. The data collected from the field were obtained from the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) and Automatic Meter Management (AMM) systems. The AMR system is fully implemented in EPHZHB and integrated within the network infrastructure at secondary level substations 35/10kV and 10(20)/0.4 kV. The AMM system is partially implemented in the areas of electrical energy consumers; precisely, in accounting meters. Daily information gathered from these systems is of great value for the calculation of technical and non-technical losses. Fuzzy logic in combination with the Artificial Neural Networks implemented via the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used. Finally, FIS Sugeno, FIS Mamdani and ANFIS are compared with the measured data from smart meters and presented with their errors and graphs

Case report of canine co-infection with Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum and canine monocytic ehrilichiosis (CME) due to Ehrlichia canis are common diseases with zoonotic potential in the Mediterranean area. Their prevalence in R. Macedonia as a neighboring Mediterranean county is expected. In both diseases similar clinical symptoms can be manifested in dogs such as: lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, epistaxis, fever, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly, ocular signs. This case report present an atypical case of 11 year old female Samoyed with starting single clinical symptom epistaxys. Initial diagnostic procedures revealed the presence only of CanL, which was diagnosed using indirect immunofluorescence method and ELISA. First laboratory findings showed normal hematological and renal profiles. Dog was put on a treatment with Allopurinol (20mg/kg, p/o) for at least 9 months. Termination of the therapy after 6 months brought a numerous clinical symptoms involving weakness, dehydration, pale mucous membranes lost pupilar reflex, uremic breath and biochemical parameters revealed a renal failure. Using a commercial ELISA kit Ehrlichia canis as a co infection was diagnosed. Most probably the second infectious agent was induced in the past 6 months, causing more severe pathological effects than CanL infection alone

Relay Protection Coordination for Photovoltaic Power Plant Connected on Distribution Network

This paper presents a procedure and computation of relay protection coordination for a PV power plant connected to the distribution network. In recent years, the growing concern for environment preservation has caused expansion of photovoltaic PV power plants in distribution networks. Numerical computer simulation is an indispensable tool for studying photovoltaic (PV) systems protection coordination. In this paper, EasyPower computer program is used with the module Power Protector. Time-current relay curves will be computed and plotted for all protection devices in the network and the PV power plant. Protection relay AREVA Micom is placed on the secondary side of a 10 kV feeder and has overcurrent and ground fault protection. The HV side of the transformer station where a PV power plant is connected has an HV fuse. On the secondary side of the transformer there is a low-voltage (LV) circuit breaker Končar 400A with overcurrent, under/over voltage, under/over frequency and ground fault protection. Furthermore, the fuse in the supplying cable for the PV plant is installed as well as the LV breaker in the PV switchboard. Each SMA Tripod inverter is protected with the fuse and the RCD relay. All these relays are modeled and short circuit analysis is performed on several places in the network and the PV power plant and the transformer station. Three phase and single phase to ground faults were considered. Time-current plots were presented and a relay setting is suggested in order to satisfy selectivity and backup protection

Extranodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Small Bowel in Female Patient Causing Intestinal Obstruction: A Case Report

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the small intestine accounting for more than 50% of cases. Forty percent of these cases initially present with small bowel obstruction. Therefore, the diagnosis is usually established after surgery for bowel obstruction. The treatment is then continued with a certain chemotherapy regimens. We present a case of a 46-years-old female patient with signs of small bowel obstruction due to previously undiagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with 7 cycles of R-CHOP protocol and complete response was achieved in the short follow-up period

Upotreba sojine melase u ishrani muznih krava

The investigation was carried on dairy cows farm AD “Vojvodina” Starčevo. Two groups of cows, uniformed by lactation number, stage of lactation, milk yield and body condition score, were compared. Experimental animals received iso-energetic rations, where trial group had 1 kg of soybean molasses, which was not included in the control group. Cows which received diet with soybean molasses had higher milk yield and protein content (p lt 0,01), higher milk fat content and body condition score (p>0,05).Ispitivanje je izvršeno na farmi mlečnih krava AD “Vojvodina” u Starčevu. Upoređivane su dve grupe krava ujednačenih po laktaciji po redu, fazi laktacije, količini mleka i oceni telesne kondicije. Eksperimentalne grupe su hranjene izoenergetskim obrocima, pri čemu je ogledna grupa je hranjena obrocima u kojima je bio uključen 1 kg sojine melase, dok je u kontrolnoj nije bilo. Krave hranjene obrocima sa sojinom melasom su ostvarile znatno veći prinos mleka i sadržaj proteina (p lt 0,01), kao i veći sadržaj mlečne masti i bolju ocenu telesne kondicije (p>0,05)

Analysis of the Pap test results by age groups in the area of Kriva Palanka

Introduction: Pap testis a method of early detecting cancerous processes in the uterus.The first Pap test in Kriva Palanka was made in 1974. It was performed by doctors of General Medicine, till the opening of the Gynecological - Obstetric Department. Purposes: The aim of this work is to make comparison between positive results of Pap test in different age groups. Materials and methods: For this purpose it is used an epidemiological method with a retrospectively study. Two age groups are being analyzed. In the first group there are femalepatients at the age of 49 to 60 years and the second group is consisted of female patients at the age of 24 to 35 years. The screening of the first group was made in 2014 while the screening of the second group in 2015. The data of only first 9 months for both years are being used for the analysis because the year 2015 hasn’t finished yet. The data are from Gynecological - Obstetric Department in Kriva Palanka. Results and discussion: From January 1st 2014 to December 30th 2014, the total number of female patients that came for screening of detecting cancer of the uterus was 493, elder group in age of 49 to 60 from which 397 came in the first 9 months. In the second age group, 24 to 35 years, there were 418 female patients that came in the first 9 months. The study analyzed the following findings: ASC-US-atypicalsqamous cells of undetermined significance., ASC-H (atypical squamous cells-high grade lesion); Endo CIN1 (endocervical-cervical intra epithelial neoplasia1); endo CIN2 (endocervical-cervical intra epithelial neoplasia2); AGC (atypical glandular cells); CIN 1 (cervical intra epithelial neoplasia 1); 2 CIN (cervical intra epithelial neoplasia 2); 3 CIN (cervical intra epithelial neoplasia 3); CIS (carcinoma in situ). All mentioned findings are considered high risk and without proper treatment after a certain period will lead to development of malignant neoplasm. The samples from the patients are given to the analysis laboratory at PHI “CytoLab” - Kumanovo. The typology of confirmed HPV was made in the laboratory of MASA(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts).ASC-US is found at 15 femalepatients in the elder group, and in 7 cases in the younger group; ASC-H is found in 2 cases in the elder group. In the younger group there were no such findings. There was 1 finding of Endo CIN 1, but in the elder group, as the case with Endo CIN 2 – only 1 finding in the elder group. In the elder group, HPV was diagnosed in 23 cases, and in the younger group it is diagnosed in 11 cases. In the elder group CIN 1 is diagnosed in 45 cases over against younger group-diagnosed in 13 cases.In the elder group CIN 2 was diagnosed in 4 cases contrasted with 1 case diagnosed in the younger group.CIN 3 was found in 1 case in each age group. In the elder group AGC was found in 8 cases unlike the younger group - only in 1 case. There were 2 cases with findings of CIS in the elder age group and none in the younger group. According to the results, the total amount of positive results in the elder group add up to 102 from among 397 examined femalepatients (25,7%), and in the younger group 35 from examined 418 femalepatients (8,4%). In the Republic of Macedonia the screening programme is established on April 1st2012. Conclusion: In accordance with the positive Pap tests, it is determined statistically significant difference between first and second age group of the patients. In the elderly group of patients there isan increased number of diagnosed high-risk premalignant lesions, unlike the younger group where this number is significantly smaller. There is significant increase in the number of patients undergoing a proven high-risk HPV in the elder population. Based on the analysis results we can conclude that it is particularly important initiation of timely screening in the younger population so early detection, timely treatment and prevention of progression to malignancy is provided. Keywords cancer, cervical cancer, HPV, Pap test