Utjecaj virusa enzootske leukoze goveda na pojavu supkliničkog mastitisa u krava u različitim stupnjevima infekcije.

Studies were performed on 26 cows, divided into 3 groups on the basis of serological (by immunodiffusion test) and haematological analyses for bovine leukosis: Group I - seropositive without changes in haemogram; group II - seropositive with changes in haemogram and group III (control) - BLV negative. A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of subclinical mastitis in cows from group II (P<0.05) compared to healthy animals. The most commonly isolated microorganism was S. agalactiae (46.80%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (36.06%). The results of our studies, as well as data from other investigators evidenced that the incidence of subclinical mastitis was higher in cows with changes in the white blood cell picture due to the immunosuppressive effect of the enzootic bovine leukosis virus.Istraživanje je provedeno na 26 krava podijeljenih u tri skupine na osnovi seroloških (imunodifuzijski test) i hematoloških pretraga na leukozu goveda. U prvoj skupini bile su serološki pozitivne krave bez promjena u hemogramu. U drugoj skupini bile su serološki pozitivne krave s promijenjenim hemogramom, a u trećoj kontrolnoj skupini bile su krave serološki negativne za virus enzootske leukoze goveda. Statistički značajna razlika u pojavi supkliničkog mastitisa u usporedbi sa zdravim kravama dokazana je u krava druge skupine (P<0,05). Najčešće izdvojena bakterija bila je S. agalactiae (46,80%) te Staphylococcus spp. (36,06%). Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da je pojava mastitisa bila češća u krava s poremećajima u bijeloj krvnoj slici, što se pripisuje učinku virusa enzootske leukoze goveda

Utjecaj virusa enzootske leukoze goveda na pojavu supkliničkog mastitisa u krava u različitim stupnjevima infekcije.

Studies were performed on 26 cows, divided into 3 groups on the basis of serological (by immunodiffusion test) and haematological analyses for bovine leukosis: Group I - seropositive without changes in haemogram; group II - seropositive with changes in haemogram and group III (control) - BLV negative. A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of subclinical mastitis in cows from group II (P<0.05) compared to healthy animals. The most commonly isolated microorganism was S. agalactiae (46.80%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (36.06%). The results of our studies, as well as data from other investigators evidenced that the incidence of subclinical mastitis was higher in cows with changes in the white blood cell picture due to the immunosuppressive effect of the enzootic bovine leukosis virus.Istraživanje je provedeno na 26 krava podijeljenih u tri skupine na osnovi seroloških (imunodifuzijski test) i hematoloških pretraga na leukozu goveda. U prvoj skupini bile su serološki pozitivne krave bez promjena u hemogramu. U drugoj skupini bile su serološki pozitivne krave s promijenjenim hemogramom, a u trećoj kontrolnoj skupini bile su krave serološki negativne za virus enzootske leukoze goveda. Statistički značajna razlika u pojavi supkliničkog mastitisa u usporedbi sa zdravim kravama dokazana je u krava druge skupine (P<0,05). Najčešće izdvojena bakterija bila je S. agalactiae (46,80%) te Staphylococcus spp. (36,06%). Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da je pojava mastitisa bila češća u krava s poremećajima u bijeloj krvnoj slici, što se pripisuje učinku virusa enzootske leukoze goveda

Prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis in the Republic of Bulgaria in 1997-2004

The serological investigations using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test performed in the Republic of Bulgaria in the period 1997-2004 showed a high prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), from 8.47% in 1997 to 22.26% in 2004. The highest percentage of seroreagents was observed in the regions of Silistra (48.61%), Dobrich (47.57%) and Burgas (47.32%), with the lowest, in the regions of Pazardjik (0.28%), Kyustendil (1.89%) and Smolyan (1.95%). Leukosis infection was found to be more prevalent in Eastern than in Western Bulgaria. The total EBL epidemic foci in 2004 numbered more than 600.Depending on the severity of the epidemiological process, the eradication of leukosis in the country could be achieved in 5 to 10 years with sufficient financial funding and strict realization of the National programme for prophylaxis and control of EBL

Učestalost goveđe enzootske leukoze u jugoistočnoj Bugarskoj tijekom razdoblja od 1998. do 2000.

During the period 1998-2000, 200518 individual bovine blood sera were tested using the immunodiffusion test for detection of antibodies against the bovine leukosis virus in South-eastern Bulgaria. The results showed that this infection was widespread – 17.02% on average (from 2.78% in the region of Haskovo to 33.07% in the region of Burgas). Those data are evidence that enzootic bovine leukosis is an important epidemiological problem in the light of new conditions for the development of cattle breeding. The incidence of enzootic bovine leukosis must be limited and eventually eradicated through strict execution of the national EBL eradication programme.U razdoblju od 1998. do 2000. pretraženo je 200518 uzoraka seruma metodom imunodifuzije radi dokazivanja protutijela za virus goveđe enzootske leukoze u jugoistočnoj Bugarskoj. Rezultati su pokazali da je zaraza proširena u prosječno u 17,02% goveda (u rasponu od 2,78% na području Haskova pa sve do 33,07% na području Burgasa). Ovi podaci potvrđuju da bolest predstavlja veoma važan epizootiološki problem posebice u uvjetima suvremenog uzgoja goveda. Za suzbijanje i iskorjenjivanje bolesti važno je provoditi sve propisane programe

Differential infection patterns and recent evolutionary origins of equine hepaciviruses in donkeys

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen. Genetically related viruses in animals suggest a zoonotic origin of HCV. The closest relative of HCV is found in horses (termed equine hepacivirus [EqHV]). However, low EqHV genetic diversity implies relatively recent acquisition of EqHV by horses, making a derivation of HCV from EqHV unlikely. To unravel the EqHV evolutionary history within equid sister species, we analyzed 829 donkeys and 53 mules sampled in nine European, Asian, African, and American countries by molecular and serologic tools for EqHV infection. Antibodies were found in 278 animals (31.5%), and viral RNA was found in 3 animals (0.3%), all of which were simultaneously seropositive. A low RNA prevalence in spite of high seroprevalence suggests a predominance of acute infection, a possible difference from the mostly chronic hepacivirus infection pattern seen in horses and humans. Limitation of transmission due to short courses of infection may explain the existence of entirely seronegative groups of animals. Donkey and horse EqHV strains were paraphyletic and 97.5 to 98.2% identical in their translated polyprotein sequences, making virus/host cospeciation unlikely. Evolutionary reconstructions supported host switches of EqHV between horses and donkeys without the involvement of adaptive evolution. Global admixture of donkey and horse hepaciviruses was compatible with anthropogenic alterations of EqHV ecology. In summary, our findings do not support EqHV as the origin of the significantly more diversified HCV. Identification of a host system with predominantly acute hepacivirus infection may enable new insights into the chronic infection pattern associated with HCV