Limiteri uzbude malih sinkronih generatora

Small synchronous generators connected to electrical power system operate by following changes in the system voltage. Limiting of the generator excitation current enables generator operation within limits of the power chart diagram and increases the safety and availability of generator in the system. This paper includes algorithms for the determination of maximum and minimum excitation current limits and the implementation within digital control system of generator voltage. The performance of generator excitation current limits was experimentally verified on a laboratory model.Mali sinkroni generatori pri radu u elektroenergetskom sustavu slijede promjene napona sustava. Limitiranje uzbudne struje generatora omogućava rad generatora unutar granica pogonske karte te povećava sigurnost i raspoloživost generatora u sustavu. Ovaj članak sadrži algoritme za određivanje limita maksimalne i minimalne uzbudne struje te za implementaciju u digitalnom sustavu regulacije napona generatora. Ponašanje limitera uzbudne struje generatora eksperimentalno je potvrđeno na laboratorijskom modelu

Overconfidence bias and conjunction fallacy in predicting outcomes of football matches

The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence of the overconfidence bias and the conjunction fallacy in betting behavior among frequent and sporadic bettors and to test whether it was influenced by the task format (probability vs. frequencies). Frequent bettors (N = 67) and sporadic bettors (N = 63) estimated whether the bets on football games presented to them via an on-line questionnaire would be successful. The bets consisted of singles (one match outcomes) and conjunctions (two matches outcomes), and were presented either in probability or frequency terms. Both frequent and sporadic bettors showed similar levels of the overconfidence bias. However, the frequent bettors made the conjunction fallacy more often than the sporadic bettors. The presentation of the task in the frequency terms significantly reduced the overconfidence bias in comparison to the evaluations in probability terms, but left the conjunction fallacy unaffected

The use of cladribine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. The cause of MS is still unknown, but it is considered to be multifactorial. A combination of clinical examination, radiological, and laboratory methods according to the McDonald diagnostic criteria confirms the diagnosis with high probability. Management of MS includes disease-modifying drugs that show different levels of efficacy. Cladribine is an antimetabolite drug indicated for the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting MS based on clinical or imaging features

Differentiation between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can sometimes be misdiagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). NMOSD is a chronic disorder of the brain and spinal cord dominated by inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis)

The Psychology of Economic Attitudes – Moral Foundations Predict Economic Attitudes beyond Socio-Demographic Variables

The present study had three goals: to construct a relevant questionnaire of economic attitudes, to examine the role of socio-demographic variables in explaining the economic attitudes as measured by that questionnaire, and to check whether moral foundations, as a psychological construct, can contribute to understanding the economic attitudes beyond socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that the economic attitudes were better explained by two factors instead of one: the Role of the State in the Economy (ROSE) and the Problems with the Current Economic System (PCES). Both socio-demographic variables and moral foundations explained significant amounts of the variance in the results on the two subscales. Regarding the ROSE subscale, socio-demographic variables explained 25 percent, while moral foundations explained the additional 21 percent of the variance, resulting in this model explaining 46 percent of the variance in the ROSE results. Regarding the PCES subscale, the socio-demographic variables explained 20 percent of the variance, and moral foundations added another 10 percent resulting in 30 percent of the variance on PCES results being explained by this model. The results speak in favor of including the psychological variables in the studies of economic attitudes and behaviors, and indicate that economic concerns are not only economic in their nature, but also moral

Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs): Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) in the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients often use multiple medications to treat infection, adverse events related to HCV therapy, or to manage other comorbidities. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) associated with this polypharmacy are important in HCV pharmacotherapy, especially after introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Knowledge about pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition of drugs used in the treatment of HCV and comorbidities is crucial in the interpretation of these data and management of these interactions (e.g. dose adjustments, therapeutic drug monitoring, or safe alternatives). Web-based DDIs interactive tools like http://www.hep-druginteractions.org represent the most feasible and comprehensive way for an assessment of potential DDIs before, during, and after treatment. Additional helpful resources are data from clinical drug interaction studies as well as recent real-life data. This chapter is practical overview of DDIs in the treatment of HCV with the last update

The relevance of cognitive styles for understanding individuals\u27 cognitive functioning

Istraživanja unutar kognitivne psihologije tradicionalno su bila usmjerena na ispitivanje relativno izoliranih kognitivnih procesa, pri čemu je naglasak bio na razumijevanju učinkovitosti obrade informacija. Međutim, novija istraživanja upućuju na važnost ispitivanja utjecaja kognitivnih stilova na kognitivno funkcioniranje pojedinaca, pa je stoga i provedeno istraživanje bilo usmjereno na ovu problematiku. Naime, cilj je ovog istraživanja bio odrediti doprinos kognitivne refleksivnosti te kognitivnih stilova koji uključuju potrebu za kognicijom, povjerenje u intuiciju, maksimiziranje i sklonost praznovjerju u objašnjenju postignuća na nizu kognitivnih zadataka. Kognitivni zadaci pritom su uključivali konvergentno mišljenje, silogističko rasuđivanje te dva zadatka heurističkog razmišljanja, zadatak detekcije kovarijacije i zadatak s osnovnom proporcijom. Dobiveni rezultati izdvojili su kognitivnu refleksivnost kao statistički značajan prediktor konvergentnog mišljenja, silogističkog rasuđivanja i zadatka detekcije kovarijacije, dok su kao prediktori konvergentnog mišljenja i zadatka s osnovnom proporcijom izdvojeni potreba za kognicijom i povjerenje u intuiciju. Ovi nalazi potvrđuju i proširuju prethodne nalaze u ovom području te upućuju na važnost razumijevanja individualnih razlika u kontekstu kognitivnog funkcioniranja pojedinaca.Research within the field of cognitive psychology has traditionally been aimed at investigating relatively isolated cognitive processes, with the goal of elucidating the efficacy of information processing. However, in recent years the relevance of considering the role of cognitive styles in cognitive functioning has been recognized, which was also explored within the current study. Specifically, the goal of the present study was to investigate the contributions of cognitive reflection and cognitive styles that include the need for cognition, faith in intuition, maximizing and superstitious thinking to explaining participants’ efficacy in solving several cognitive tasks. These included convergent thinking, syllogistic reasoning and two tasks used for exploring heuristical thinking, namely the covariation detection and causal baserate tasks. The obtained results indicated cognitive reflection as a statistically significant predictor of convergent thinking, syllogistic reasoning and the covariation detection task, whereas faith in intuition and need for cognition were identified as significant predictors of convergent thinking and the causal baserate task. The obtained results corroborate and extend previous findings in this field, indicating the relevance of understanding individual differences in individuals’ cognitive functioning

What Determines Financial Literacy? In Search of Relevant Determinants

S obzirom na sve veću kompleksnost kao i povećanu potrebu za financijskim proizvodima, čini se kako su adekvatne razine financijske pismenosti neophodne. U Hrvatskoj postoji malo istraživanja odrednica financijske pismenosti građana. Stoga smo ovim istraživanjem željeli istražiti veći broj financijskih konstrukata u odnosu na prethodna istraživanja, kao i utvrditi važnost socio-demografskih činitelja u objašnjenju financijske pismenosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na reprezentativnom uzorku građana RH (N = 1049). Rezultati su pokazali da su socio-demografske varijable značajan prediktor financijske pismenosti, kao i njezinih komponenti znanja, stavova i ponašanja. U radu se raspravlja o važnosti različitih socio-demografskih karakteristika, te zaključuje da, iako značajne, socio-demografske varijable vjerojatno nisu najvažnije odrednice financijskih ishoda. Stoga se predlaže veći naglasak na dodatnim, psihološkim karakteristikama kao potencijalnim determinantama financijskih ishoda.Considering the increasing complexity, as well as the increasing need for financial products, it appears that the adequate levels of financial literacy are necessary. The research of the determinants of financial literacy of citizens is scarce in Croatia. Therefore, through this research we wanted to examine the increasing number of financial constructs with regard to the existing previous research, as well as determine the importance of socio-demographic factors in explaining financial literacy. The research was conducted on the representative sample of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia (N=1049). The results have shown that socio-demographic variables represent a significant predictor of financial literacy, as well as its components, namely knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. The paper examines the importance of different socio-demographic characteristics and concludes that, although they are significant, socio-demographic variables are probably not the most important determinants of financial outcomes. Therefore a greater emphasis on additional, psychological characteristics as potential determinants of financial outcomes is recommended

Utjecaj nošenja slušnog pomagala na kognitivne sposobnosti i subjektivni status tinitusa u bolesnika sa zamjedbenom nagluhošću: pilot studija

There is an increased number of people with hearing impairment and decreased cognitive abilities among the elderly population. Due to the fact that the auditory system and central nervous system are connected, pathological changes associated with aging occur on both levels. With the development of hearing aid technology, the quality of life of these patients can be improved. The aim of this study was to determine whether wearing a hearing aid has an impact on cognitive abilities and tinnitus. Current research does not show a clear connection between these factors. This study involved 44 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. They were divided into two groups of 22 people, depending on whether they had previously used a hearing aid or not. Assessment of cognitive abilities was performed via the MoCA questionnaire, and assessment of the impact of tinnitus on daily activities was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Iowa Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (ITHQ). Hearing aid status was classified as a primary outcome, while cognitive assessment and tinnitus intensity were associated variables. Our study showed an association between longer hearing aid use and poorer naming ability (p = 0.030, OR 4.734), poorer delayed recall (p = 0.033, OR 4.537), and spatial orientation (p = 0.016, OR 5.773) when compared with patients who had not used hearing aids, while tinnitus did not correlate with cognitive impairment. Based on the results, we can emphasize the importance of the auditory system as an input source for the central nervous system. The data direct us to improve the rehabilitation strategies for hearing and cognitive abilities in patients. Such an approach results higher quality of life in patients and prevents further cognitive decline.Među starijom populacijom nalazimo povećan broj osoba s oštećenim sluhom i smanjenim kognitivnim sposobnostima. Zbog povezanosti slušnog sustava sa središnjim živčanim sustavom, dolazi do patoloških promjena na obje razine. Razvoj tehnologije u području slušnih pomagala poboljšao je kvalitetu života takvih bolesnika. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li utjecaj nošenja slušnog pomagala na kognitivne sposobnosti i šum u uhu. Trenutna istraživanja ne pokazuju striktno povezanost ta dva entiteta. U provedenoj studiji sudjelovalo je 44 ispitanika sa zamjedbenim oštećenjem sluha. Podijeljeni su u dvije skupine po 22 osobe, ovisno o tome koriste li slušno pomagalo. Procjena kognitivnih sposobnosti vršila se putem Montrealske ljestvice kognitivne procjene (MoCA), a procjena utjecaja šuma u uhu na svakodnevne aktivnosti putem upitnika Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) i Iowa Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (ITHQ). Analizirana je povezanost nošenja slušnog pomagala s rezultatima navedenih upitnika. U našem istraživanju pokazana je povezanost duljeg nošenja slušnog pomagala i lošije sposobnosti imenovanja (p=0,030, OR 4,734), slabijeg odgođenog prisjećanja (p=0,033, OR 4,537) i prostorne orijentacije (p=0,016, OR 5,773). Tinitus nije pokazao povezanost s kognitivnim oštećenjem. Rezultati govore o specifičnim vezama između slušnog sustava i funkcije središnjeg živčanog sustava. Ovi nas podaci usmjeravaju na poboljšanje strategije rehabilitacije sluha i kognitivnih sposobnosti u bolesnika. Takvim se pristupom omogućava veća kvaliteta života i prevencija daljeg kognitivnog oštećenja