EL AGENTE ENCUBIERTO COMO MEDIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EFICAZ EN LA LUCHA CONTRA LA CRIMINALIDAD ORGANIZADA

El agente encubierto es considerado como un medio eficaz en las investigaciones que realiza el ministerio público, en los delitos establecidos en la ley, sin embargo, encontramos resistencia a que sea reconocida plenamente como una actividad legal; en ese sentido el propósito de este trabajo es determinar la influencia del agente encubierto como medio de investigación eficaz, en la lucha contra la Criminalidad Organizada, desde un enfoque cuantitativo por cuanto se ha recolectado datos a través de la revisión de normas extranjeras, nacionales y cuestionarios aplicados, además en la presente tesis el método científico que busca la explicación, descripción y predicción de un fenómeno a fin de obtener un conocimiento. Llegando a obtener como resultados que la totalidad de los encuestados opinan que la aplicación del agente encubierto como medio de investigación eficaz, influye significativamente en la lucha contra la Criminalidad Organizada, asimismo, se confronto los resultados con el problema comprobándose la hipótesis planteada positivamente, llegando a concluir la influencia del agente encubierto como medio de investigación eficaz, en la lucha contra la Criminalidad Organizada.Tesi

Comportamiento hacia la prevención del cáncer en usuarios del servicio de oncología del Hospital Militar Central. 2017

Determina el comportamiento hacia la prevención del cáncer en usuarios que acuden a consulta en el Hospital Militar Central 2015. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo aplicativo. La población está conformada por pacientes que acuden a consultorio externo de oncohematología. La muestra está conformada por 50 pacientes obtenida mediante el método del muestreo no probabilístico. Para el recojo de la información se utiliza un cuestionario tipo Likert modificado para identificar la percepción del paciente. Utilizará el programa SPSS para el análisis de datos.Trabajo académic

Partial oxidation of H2S to sulfur on V-Cu-O mixed oxides bronzes

[EN] The present paper shows the influence of Cu-content in Cu-promoted V2O5 catalysts on both the physicochemical characteristics of catalysts and their catalytic performance in the partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. Both, the catalytic activity for H2S conversion and the selectivity to sulfur increased when increasing the Cu/V ratio of catalysts. The best catalyst gives a selectivity to sulfur at ca. 98% at total conversion of H2S. According to the characterization results (XRD, FTIR), V2O5 is partially transformed into vanadium oxide bronze, i.e. beta-Cu0.261V2O5, up to Cu/V ratios of 0.25. For higher Cu/V ratios, CuV2O6 and beta-Cu0.261V2O5 are observed. In the same way, the reducibility of V-species increased when increasing the Cu/V ratio of catalysts. On the other hand, the characterization of used catalysts indicates the transformation of V2O5 into V4O9, whereas the vanadium oxide bronze is stable under the studied reaction. The catalytic results are explained on the basis of the nature of crystalline phases and the presence of V5+-O-V4+ pairs in the more selective catalysts.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish MINECO Projects (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R) and Severo Ochoa Program (SEV-2016-0683), and FEDER funds, for financial support. LRR thanks the MINECO for a predoctoral contract.Ruiz-Rodríguez, L.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; López Nieto, JM.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E. (2019). Partial oxidation of H2S to sulfur on V-Cu-O mixed oxides bronzes. Catalysis Today. 333:237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.07.050S23724433

Exhibición y programación cinematográfica en la ciudad y puerto de Veracruz, México, 1952

Within the theoretical perspective of the New History of Cinema, the exhibition and programming of films in the city and port of Veracruz in 1952 is weighed. The purpose of the international project Culture of the Screen has been to present studies outside of Europe and the United States, as it happens in several Mexican cities, which allows contrasting social, cultural and economic factors that influence the cinematographic offer and specifying the location of the cinemas, as well as their programming at a certain time, representing the objective of the present Article. It is based on the documentary investigation of archives of the city of Veracruz and a review of film billboards published on Saturdays in 1952 in the newspaper El Dictamen. Among the results, the following stand out: Historical presence of films from the United States, Mexico and other parts of the world, as well as a boom in the exhibition of national films during the golden age of Mexican cinema (1940-1952). It is concluded that similar patterns are shown in cinemas of Torreón, Tampico-Ciudad Madero and Veracruz, to those identified in North American and European cities, located mostly in their urban center, with similar sensitive links of their inhabitants, forming part of their environment and daily life.Dentro de la perspectiva teórica de la Nueva Historia del Cine, se pondera la exhibición y programación de películas en la ciudad y puerto de Veracruz en el año de 1952. El propósito del proyecto internacional Cultura de la Pantalla, ha sido presentar estudios fuera de Europa y Estados Unidos, como sucede en varias ciudades mexicanas, que permita contrastar factores sociales, culturales y económicos que influyen en la oferta cinematográfica y especificar la ubicación de las salas de cine, así como su programación en una determinada época, representando el objetivo del presente artículo. Se fundamenta en la investigación documental de archivos de la ciudad de Veracruz y revisión de carteleras cinematográficas publicadas los sábados de 1952 en el periódico El Dictamen. Entre los resultados destacan: Presencia histórica de películas de Estados Unidos, México y otras partes del mundo, así como auge de exhibición de filmes nacionales durante la época de oro del cine mexicano (1940-1952). Se concluye que se muestran patrones similares en salones cinematográficos de Torreón, Tampico-Ciudad Madero y Veracruz, a los identificados en ciudades norteamericanas y europeas, localizados mayormente en su centro urbano, con similar vinculación sensitiva de sus habitantes, formando parte de su entorno y vida cotidiana

Assessment of methods for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat-5 TM images applicable to multiscale tree-grass ecosystem modeling

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key inputs for Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere transfer modeling in terrestrial ecosystems. In the frame of BIOSPEC (Linking spectral information at different spatial scales with biophysical parameters of Mediterranean vegetation in the context of global change) and FLUXPEC (Monitoring changes in water and carbon fluxes from remote and proximal sensing in Mediterranean “dehesa” ecosystem) projects LST retrieved from Landsat data is required to integrate ground-based observations of energy, water, and carbon fluxes with multi-scale remotely-sensed data and assess water and carbon balance in ecologically fragile heterogeneous ecosystem of Mediterranean wooded grassland (dehesa). Thus, three methods based on the Radiative Transfer Equation were used to extract LST from a series of 2009–2011 Landsat-5 TM images to assess the applicability for temperature input generation to a Landsat-MODIS LST integration. When compared to surface temperatures simulated using MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission 5 (MODTRAN 5) with atmospheric profiles inputs (LSTref), values from Single-Channel (SC) algorithm are the closest (root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) = 0.50 °C); procedure based on the online Radiative Transfer Equation Atmospheric Correction Parameters Calculator (RTE-ACPC) shows RMSD = 0.85 °C; Mono-Window algorithm (MW) presents the highest RMSD (2.34 °C) with systematical LST underestimation (bias = 1.81 °C). Differences between Landsat-retrieved LST and MODIS LST are in the range of 2 to 4 °C and can be explained mainly by differences in observation geometry, emissivity, and time mismatch between Landsat and MODIS overpasses. There is a seasonal bias in Landsat-MODIS LST differences due to greater variations in surface emissivity and thermal contrasts between landcover components

V- and Nb-containing tungsten bronzes catalysts for the aerobic transformation of ethanol and glycerol. Bulk and supported materials

[EN] This work report the applicability of reflux to the synthesis of supported tungsten bronzes (i.e. W-V-O and W-Nb-O), using mesoporous KIT-6 as inert support. For comparison, the corresponding bulk materials prepared by reflux or by hydrothermal synthesis have been also prepared. The catalysts were characterized by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, N-2 adsorption, temperature programmed desorption (NH3), and Raman and FTIR spectroscopies) and tested in the selective aerobic transformation of ethanol and glycerol. These results demonstrate the formation of V- and Nb-containing tungsten oxide bronzes in all of the heat-treated samples (bulk and supported materials), as well as the effective incorporation of metals (V or Nb) in the framework of tungsten bronzes. During the aerobic transformation of ethanol, diethyl ether and ethylene (in Nb-containing catalysts) and acetaldehyde, diethyl ether and ethylene (in V-containing catalysts) were the main reaction products, with very small formation of carbon oxides. During the aerobic transformation of glycerol, acrolein was mainly formed over Nb-containing catalysts, whereas acrylic acid, acrolein and COx were mainly observed over V-containing catalysts. The differences between bulk and supported catalysts have been explained according to changes in their physico-chemical properties: V-containing catalysts presenting both acid and redox sites; and Nb-containing catalysts presenting acid sites. In this way, supported materials seems to be effective in both redox and acid reactions due to the small modifications of the acid characteristics of catalysts.The authors would like to acknowledge the DGICYT (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R) and Secretary of State for International Cooperation in Spain (Project AP/040992/11). N.S and D.D thank "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico y Tecnologico (CNPq)" in Brasil and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program (SVP-2014-068669) in Spain, respectively, for their fellowships. Authors are also grateful to the Electron Microscopy Service (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for facilities.La Salvia, N.; Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Ruiz-Rodríguez, L.; Nadji, L.; Massó Ramírez, A.; López Nieto, JM. (2017). V- and Nb-containing tungsten bronzes catalysts for the aerobic transformation of ethanol and glycerol. Bulk and supported materials. Catalysis Today. 296:2-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.04.009S2929

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in abdominal aortic aneurysm: A potential therapeutic opportunity?

Abdominal aortic aneurysmAneurisma aórtico abdominalAneurisma aòrtic abdominalThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (No. PI21/01048, PI20/01649), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER, a way to build Europe), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (No. RTI2018-094727-B-100), AGAUR (No. 2017-SGR-00333, 2017-SGR-1807) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (No. 2021AEP073). L. P. is supported by a PFIS contract (ISCIII), C.B–S by a FPU fellowship and A.R.-S. and M.G. were funded by the Miguel Servet Program

Bis(2-aminoimidazolinium)diphenyl Compounds as DNA Minor Groove Binders with in Vivo Antitrypanosomal and Antimalarial Activity: the cation is important

Abstract of oral communication presented in the "2nd World Conference on Magic Bullets (Ehrlich II)" October 3-5, 2008 Nürnberg, GermanyBackground: A pragmatic approach to the discovery of new drugs for neglected diseases is the “recycling” of available compounds. We have successfully applied this strategy during the last years with the (re)discovery of an attractive class of compounds (i.e., 2-aminoimidazolinium derivatives) showing excellent in vivo activity against T. brucei rhodesiense and P. falciparum, the ethiological agents of rhodesiense sleeping sickness and severe malaria, respectively. Methods: Based on their structural similarity with known antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents, several series of dicationic compounds as well as their monocationic and neutral analogues were screened in vitro against T. b. rhodesiense, P. falciparum, and rat skeletal myoblast L6-cells as control for cytotoxicity. The compounds showing the highest activity and acceptable selectivity were assayed in vivo in models of acute and chronic T. brucei infections (STIB900 and GVR35 strains, respectively), and murine malaria (P. berghei). Their interaction with the DNA minor groove was also measured by thermal melting curves (Tm) and SPR experiments on AT sequence DNA polymers. Results: Several dicationic leads with nM in vitro activity and excellent selectivity against T. b. rhodesiense and P. falciparum were identified. A number of compounds cured 100% of the mice infected with T. b. rhodesiense and 4 compounds reduced the parasitemia in mice infected with P. berghei. A correlation between DNA binding affinity and trypanocidal activity was observed, indicating that DNA binding may be part of their mechanism of action. Most importantly, we found that the 2-aminoimidazoline cation afforded molecules with superior safety profile compared with its guanidine counterpart. Conclusion: 1) The rational screening of in-house libraries of compounds is a validated approach to find new drug leads for neglected diseases. 2) Bis(2-aminoimidazoline) derivatives represent a very promising class of DNA minor groove binding agents that have already demonstrated their antiprotozoal potential in vivo.UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR)(RB); CSIC–I3 program (PIE200680I121); Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (SAF2006–04698); Consejería de Educación Cultura y Deporte de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja (FR); Research on DNA interactions is supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI064200 (W.D.W.).Peer reviewe

The role of promoters on the catalytic performance of MxV2O5 bronzes for the selective partial oxidation of H2S

[EN] Metal-containing vanadium oxide bronzes (MxV2O5; M= Cu, Ag and Ca) have been prepared, characterized (before and after reaction) by various physicochemical techniques, and tested in the partial oxidation of H2S. The catalysts were prepared hydrothermally at 175 ¿C (from gels containing M/V molar ratios of 0.17 or 0.33) and heat-treated at 500 ¿C/2 h in N2. The most effective catalysts, showing a sulfur selectivity greater than 95 % for a H2S conversion beyond 90 %, were those presenting vanadium oxide bronze (ß-Cu0.261V2O5 or Ag0.333V2O5) as the main crystalline phase. Cu- and Ag-containing vanadium oxide bronzes were stable under reaction conditions. For calcium containing materials (mainly presenting the Ca0.17V2O5 bronze phase), the formation of CaSO4 has been observed during the reaction, which resulted in a negative effect on both activity and selectivity. The nature of active and selective sites in this type of catalysts, as well as the role of promoters, are also discussed.The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain (TED2021-130756B-C31, TED2021-130756B-C32 and MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R projects) . Authors from ITQ also thank Project SEV-2016-0683 for supporting this research. A.A. acknowledges Severo Ochoa Excellence Program for his fellowship (BES-2017-080329) and Dr. Ferran Sabate from ITQ for his assistance with the EPR data treatment.Ruiz-Rodríguez, L.; De Arriba-Mateos, A.; Vidal Moya, JA.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; López Nieto, JM. (2022). The role of promoters on the catalytic performance of MxV2O5 bronzes for the selective partial oxidation of H2S. Applied Catalysis A General. 647:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2022.11890011164

Lysyl oxidase-dependent extracellular matrix crosslinking modulates calcification in atherosclerosis and aortic valve disease

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular calcification; Lysyl oxidaseAterosclerosis; Calcificación cardiovascular; Lisil oxidasaAterosclerosi; Calcificació cardiovascular; Lisil oxidasaExtracellular matrix (ECM) is an active player in cardiovascular calcification (CVC), a major public health issue with an unmet need for effective therapies. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) conditions ECM biomechanical properties; thus, we hypothesized that LOX might impact on mineral deposition in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and atherosclerosis. LOX was upregulated in calcified valves from two cohorts of CAVD patients. Strong LOX immunostaining was detected surrounding calcified foci in calcified human valves and atherosclerotic lesions colocalizing with RUNX2 on valvular interstitial cells (VICs) or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Both LOX secretion and organized collagen deposition were enhanced in calcifying VICs exposed to osteogenic media. β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of LOX, attenuated collagen deposition and calcification. VICs seeded onto decellularized matrices from BAPN-treated VICs calcified less than cells cultured onto control scaffolds; instead, VICs exposed to conditioned media from cells over-expressing LOX or cultured onto LOX-crosslinked matrices calcified more. Atherosclerosis was induced in WT and transgenic mice that overexpress LOX in VSMC (TgLOXVSMC) by AAV-PCSK9D374Y injection and high-fat feeding. In atherosclerosis-challenged TgLOXVSMC mice both atherosclerosis burden and calcification assessed by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging were higher than in WT mice. These animals also exhibited larger calcified areas in atherosclerotic lesions from aortic arches and brachiocephalic arteries. Moreover, LOX transgenesis exacerbated plaque inflammation, and increased VSMC cellularity, the rate of RUNX2-positive cells and both connective tissue content and collagen cross-linking. Our findings highlight the relevance of LOX in CVC and postulate this enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for CVC.We thank the technical support provided by Silvia Aguiló. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018-094727-B-100 and PID2021-122509OB-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Spain; PI21/01048), and Fundación Española de Arteriosclerosis (FEA-2022). C.B-S and L.P-U were supported by a FPU (Ministerio de Universidades; Spain), and PFIS (ISCIII) fellowships, respectively and N.L-A by a Miguel Servet contract (ISCIII). There is no financial or personal relationship with organizations that could potentially influence the described research