Rasgos de personalidad y estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes de quinto ciclo de la Licenciatura en Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo 2022 – 2023

Los rasgos de personalidad determinan la conducta de las personas y por ende influyen en cómo los individuos perciben y actúan ante diferentes situaciones vitales. Las estrategias de afrontamiento, por su parte, se definen como procesos cognitivos y conductuales que permiten a las personas, evaluar y manejar las demandas del ambiente. Algunos estudios han evidenciado que los rasgos y las estrategias de afrontamiento influyen en el bienestar y en el rendimiento académico. De esta manera, el objetivo general fue describir los rasgos de personalidad y las estrategias de afrontamiento según las variables edad y sexo en estudiantes de quinto ciclo de la Licenciatura en Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y con un alcance descriptivo. Se trabajó con una población de 112 estudiantes de quinto ciclo de la Licenciatura en Psicología. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de Personalidad NEO-FFI de Costa y McCrae, el Inventario Multidimensional de Estimación del Afrontamiento COPE de Carver y una ficha sociodemográfica. Para el procesamiento de los datos, se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25. Como resultados se encontró que el rasgo predominante fue responsabilidad (M=30,96) y las estrategias de afrontamiento más empleadas fueron reinterpretación positiva y crecimiento personal (M=11,79), planificación (M=10,64) y aceptación (M=10,60). Se concluye que los estudiantes presentan características orientadas hacia la organización y disciplina en sus actividades, así como una tendencia a aceptar y aprender de los problemas, por lo que responden de manera sistemática a los mismos.Personality traits determine people ́s behavior and therefore influence how individuals perceive and act in different life situations. Coping strategies are defined as the cognitive and behavioral processes that allow people to evaluate and manage the environment demands. Some studies have shown that both traits and coping strategies, influence welfare and academic performance. This way, the general objective of the present investigation consisted on describing the personality traits and coping strategies in accordance with age and sex variables among students from the fifth semester of the Psychology major at the University of Cuenca. The study had a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional and with a descriptive scope. We worked with a population of 112 students in the fifth semester of the Psychology major. For this, the instruments applied were the Inventory Personality NEO-FFI by Costa and McCrae, the Multidimensional Coping Estimation Inventory COPE by Carver, and a sociodemographic file created by the authors. For the data processing, the SPSS statistical program in its version 25 was used. As results, it was found that the predominant feature in the students was responsibility (M=30.96) and the most used coping strategies were: positive reinterpretation and personal growth. (M=11.79), planning (M=10.64) and acceptance (M=10.60). It is concluded that students present characteristics oriented towards organization and discipline within their activities, as well as a tendency to accept and learn from problems, which is why they respond systematically to them.0000-0003-4360-5002Licenciado en PsicologíaCuenc

El ecoturismo como factor de desarrollo. Caso provinvia de Pichincha

El Ecoturismo toma su impulso recientemente en la última década del siglo XX ante el clamor generalizado de protección de nuestro planeta que está siendo afectado por una serie de fenómenos que vienen acompañados bajo el pretexto de Civilización, que está generando varios impactos ambientales y entre estos los de ataque a las cadenas de biodiversidad, que obviamente repercuten a nivel mundial. El Ecoturismo se viene desarrollando con un sector especial de personas conscientes y de conocimientos previos de la materia. Se trata de un sector más educado de turistas, y por tanto exigen un servicio de calidad. Es menester desarrollar tal servicio con la implementación de políticas claras de accesos viales, hotelería de buena calidad, operadoras, agencias de viajes, guías especializados. Las políticas se encuentran bastantes dispersas en algunos organismos públicos. Es entonces importante que el Consejo Provincial de Pichincha inicie su regulación dentro de la Provincia a través de una reglamentación actualmente inexistente, con la finalidad de organizar los diferentes organismos involucrados en el sector público y realizado por las empresas privadas. El enfrentamiento del problema correctamente nos incrementará fuentes de trabajo, su tecnificación, el cuidado de la Naturaleza y su conservación. Es de vital importancia concienciar y dar los respectivos instrumentos a la población y a las operadoras para el cuidado de la naturaleza, su explotación turística y permitir un desarrollo sustentable, e impedir que empresas fantasmas no enfrenten la explotación eco turística con tecnología y tiendan a la sobrecarga y destrucción.1. ANTECEDENTES 2. ASPECTOS NORMATIVOS E INSTITUCIONALES 3. ENTORNO NATURAL 4. INFRAESTRUCTURA 5. PROPUESTA 6. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONE

Uso de Β-Hidroxibutirato como Herramienta de Diagnóstico de Balance Energético Negativo y Cetosis Bovina en Vacas Lecheras Jersey, en el Establo Fundo Buen Pastor, La Joya 2015

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el uso de los niveles β-hidroxibutirato como herramienta de diagnóstico de balance energético negativo y cetosis bovina en vacas lecheras Jersey entre 0 y 45 días postparto, dividiéndolas de acuerdo a su etapa de lactación tanto primíparas como multíparas, las cuales se dividieron en subgrupos; entre 0 a 15 dpp, el segundo entre 16 a 30 dpp y el tercero entre 31 a 45 dpp. El estudio se realizó en el Establo Fundo Buen Pastor de la Irrigación de La Joya. Se utilizaron 10 vacas por cada subgrupo con un total de 60 animales, a las cuales se les tomaron muestras de sangre de la vena caudal, para luego ser analizadas con el reactivo Ranbut, mediante fotocolorimetría para determinar los niveles de B hidroxibutirato (BHBA).Los resultados de los niveles de B-Hidroxibutirato en sangre se evaluaron según los siguientes parámetros: Balance energético negativo (BEN) (0.6 - 1.0 mmol/L), Cetosis Subclínica (1.2 - 2.9 mmol/L) y Cetosis Clínica (> 2.9 mmol/L). Se encontraron niveles de B-Hidroxibutirato en el primer grupo de Primíparas; de 0.77 mmol/L (0-15 dpp), 0.22 mmol/L (16 - 30 dpp), 0.29 mmol/L (31 – 45 dpp) y para el segundo grupo de multíparas; de 0.36 mmol/L (0-15 dpp), 0.73 mmol/L (16 - 30 dpp), 0.28 mmol/L (31 – 45 dpp). Luego de ser evaluadas las muestras no se encontró asociación estadística significativa (p>0.05) tanto entre vacas multíparas y primíparas, como entre períodos postparto. De igual forma entre el periodo postparto y la presencia de BEN. En tanto en el total de las muestras tomadas para el total de los grupos, el balance energético negativo (BEN) representó el 10 %, la cetosis subclínica 6.67% y la cetosis clínica 3.33%. Se encontró una alta correlación estadística (r=0.70) entre la producción de leche de los animales evaluados y sus respectivas concentraciones sanguíneas de BHBA indicando que a mayor producción de leche mayor cantidad de BHBA se encontrara presente en sangre. Se determinó también una relación proporcional de 1:1 entre la presencia de BEN y cetosis indicando que, por cada vaca diagnosticada en BEN, existe una diagnosticada también con algún tipo de cetosis.El uso de los niveles de BHBA en sangre logro identificar los casos de BEN en el rango de BHBA ≥ 0.60 mmol/L y ≤ a 1.00 mmol/L en vacas lecheras Jersey en confinamiento, así como también los casos de cetosis clínica y subclínica en el periodo comprendido entre los 0 y 45 dpp así como también en vacas primíparas y multíparas. Palabras claves: B-Hidroxibutirato, cetosis, balance energético negativo (BEN)

A Copositive Framework for Analysis of Hybrid Ising-Classical Algorithms

Recent years have seen significant advances in quantum/quantum-inspired technologies capable of approximately searching for the ground state of Ising spin Hamiltonians. The promise of leveraging such technologies to accelerate the solution of difficult optimization problems has spurred an increased interest in exploring methods to integrate Ising problems as part of their solution process, with existing approaches ranging from direct transcription to hybrid quantum-classical approaches rooted in existing optimization algorithms. While it is widely acknowledged that quantum computers should augment classical computers, rather than replace them entirely, comparatively little attention has been directed toward deriving analytical characterizations of their interactions. In this paper, we present a formal analysis of hybrid algorithms in the context of solving mixed-binary quadratic programs (MBQP) via Ising solvers. We show the exactness of a convex copositive reformulation of MBQPs, allowing the resulting reformulation to inherit the straightforward analysis of convex optimization. We propose to solve this reformulation with a hybrid quantum-classical cutting-plane algorithm. Using existing complexity results for convex cutting-plane algorithms, we deduce that the classical portion of this hybrid framework is guaranteed to be polynomial time. This suggests that when applied to NP-hard problems, the complexity of the solution is shifted onto the subroutine handled by the Ising solver

Adaptive generalized space shift keying

In this article, we propose a closed-loop precoding method for the Generalized Space Shift Keying (GSSK) modulation scheme, suitable for Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) systems and denoted as adaptive GSSK (AGSSK), which achieves transmit-diversity gains in contrast to GSSK. For the case of a perfect feedback channel, we analytically show that for three and four antennas at the transmitter and rates 1 and 2 bits per channel use (bpcu), respectively, a full transmit-diversity can be achieved without reducing the achievable rate. For higher number of transmit antennas and rates, the performance of the proposed scheme degrades due to the smaller average minimum Euclidean distance as the rate increases. Due to this, we, furthermore, propose an enhancing method for AGSSK which relies on the use of time-orthogonal shaping filters for the different constellation points. For the enhanced method, named as AGSSK with time-orthogonal signal design (AGSSK-TOSD), we analytically prove that it offers transmit-diversity gains which are greater than the number of active transmit antennas for any number of transmit antennas and supported rate. This is attained without any antenna subset selection technique, which alleviates the processing burden on the terminal side. Monte Carlo simulations show that AGSSK significantly outperforms GSSK in terms of average bit error probability (ABEP) and, moreover, for medium to high rates and practical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions AGSSK-TOSD outperforms well-known feedback-based multiple-antenna schemes. This advantage of AGSSK-TOSD is further substantiated with an energy effficiency comparison over the conventional schemes for a target (uncoded) ABEP.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Indicators for the Analysis of Peasant Women’s Equity and Empowerment Situations in a Sustainability Framework: A Case Study of Cacao Production in Ecuador

Family agriculture is a fundamental pillar in the construction of agroecological agri-food alternatives fostering processes of sustainable rural development where social equity represents a central aspect. Despite agroecology’s critical openness, this area has not yet incorporated an explicit gender approach allowing an appropriate problematization and analysis of the cultural inequalities of gender relations in agriculture, women’s empowerment processes and their nexus with sustainability. This work presents an organized proposal of indicators to approach and analyze the degree of peasant women’s equity and empowerment within a wide sustainability framework. After a thorough bibliographical review, 34 equity and empowerment indicators were identified and organized into six basic theoretical dimensions. Following the collection of empirical data (from 20 cacao-producing families), the indicators were analyzed and reorganized on the basis of hierarchical cluster analysis and explanatory interdependence into a new set of six empirical dimensions: (1) access to resources, education and social participation; (2) economic-personal autonomy and self-esteem; (3) gender gaps (labor rights, health, work and physical violence); (4) techno-productive decision-making and remunerated work; (5) land ownership and mobility; and (6) diversification of responsibilities and social and feminist awareness. Additionally, a case study is presented that analyzes equity and empowerment in the lives of two rural cacao-producing peasant women in Ecuado

Assessment Of The Impact Of Potential Tetracycline Exposure On The Phenotype Of Aedes Aegypti Ox513a: Implications For Field Use

Background Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue fever, a viral disease which has an estimated incidence of 390 million infections annually. Conventional vector control methods have been unable to curb the transmission of the disease. We have previously reported a novel method of vector control using a tetracycline repressible self-limiting strain of Ae. aegypti OX513A which has achieved > 90% suppression of wild populations. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the impact of tetracycline and its analogues on the phenotype of OX513A from the perspective of possible routes and levels of environmental exposure. We determined the minimum concentration of tetracycline and its analogues that will allow an increased survivorship and found these to be greater than the maximum concentration of tetracyclines found in known Ae. aegypti breeding sites and their surrounding areas. Furthermore, we determined that OX513A parents fed tetracycline are unable to pre-load their progeny with sufficient antidote to increase their survivorship. Finally, we studied the changes in concentration of tetracycline in the mass production rearing water of OX513A and the developing insect. Conclusion/Significance Together, these studies demonstrate that potential routes of exposure of OX513A individuals to tetracycline and its analogues in the environment are not expected to increase the survivorship of OX513A.98Oxitec's core investmen

Improved diagnostics and surveillance identify novel reassortant swine influenza A viruses in Chile

Influenza A Virus (IAV) circulates endemically in nature, representing a constant concern to public health and animal production systems worldwide. The emergence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic (A(H1N1)pdm09) highlighted the need of conducting systematic surveillance studies, and evidenced the significant gap of knowledge of the swine IAVs (SwIAV) circulating in pigs worldwide at the time of the outbreak. This also highlighted the role of swine as important reservoirs for the generation of endemic strains with zoonotic and pandemic potential. Despite this, comprehensive information of SwIAV circulating in Latin America is still lacking. While Chile has strong ecological barriers and high stringency controls regarding livestock trading, IAV is endemic and has been consistently detected in pigs. This has caused great concerns for the swine industry, because of the on-going clinical and production losses. Nevertheless, few surveillance efforts have been conducted in Chile and there is limited information regarding the genetic diversity and origin of swIAVs. Determining the viral subtypes and genotypes circulating in swine is key for the development of appropriate vaccine approaches and control measures for the swine industry, and it is crucial for identifying novel strains with pandemic potential. We developed improved diagnostic tools to detect endemic viruses and characterized the diversity and origin of SwAIV and its prevalence in Chilean swine production farms. From December 2013 to June 2015, we sampled 27 farms representative of intensive swine production systems located between the Valparaiso and Araucania administrative regions. Animals were mainly found to be susceptible to IAV infection at 50 to 110 days of age. Serological analysis of 718 serum samples obtained from 3 different farms showed 91-59% prevalence to SwIAV, with 18-67% positivity to A(H1N1)pdm09-like strains and 29-58% positivity to a novel SwH1N2 virus. We also obtained a total of 1016 nasal swabs (NS, 85%) and 176 oral fluids (OF, 15%) that were tested by Real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and virus isolation. Of these, 295 samples (25%) were positive to swIAV (23% of NS and 38% of OF). A large number of farms (21 out of 27, 78%) were positive in at least one visit, and most farms showed temporal co-circulation of at least 2 viruses or mixed infections. We subtyped selected positive samples and sequenced 51 complete viral genomes using the Illumina platform. Nineteen additional hemagglutinins (HA) genes were sequenced by Sanger. We performed Bayesian Evolutionary Analyses to reconstruct the phylogenies of the viral segments. This identified the circulation of 2 predominant swIAV genotypes in Chile, the A(H1N1)pdm09-like (35%) strain and a novel SwH1N2 virus (45%). This H1N2 virus is unique to Chile since it is genetically distinct from the H1 virus clusters seen in North America and is not related to any previously reported IAV. The genome of this swH1N1 virus contains genes from 3 different human contemporary viruses. Its H1 and N2 genes are derived from human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the mid 90’s, respectively, suggesting that both of these human viruses were likely introduced into the Chilean swine population during that time. All the internal genes are from the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain, indicating that multiple and recent reassortment events gave rise to this novel reassortant virus. Of interest, we identified additional reassortant viruses that also contain the internal genes derived from the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain. These included an H1N1 containing the novel SwH1 and NA gene derived from the A(H1N1)pdm09-like strain, an H1N2 virus containing an H1 derived from the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain and the novel SwN2, a SwH3N2 virus and a human-like H3N2 virus, among others. Additionally, our analyses also revealed at least 3 independent human-to-swine introductions of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain within the last 4 years in Chile. Overall this indicates that close human-swine interactions greatly contribute to the genetic diversity and emergence of IAVs in Chilean swine. This is the first comprehensive molecular epidemiological study of swIAV in Chile demonstrating the co-circulation of multiple viral strains in intensive swine production systems. Our data emphasizes the value of conducting long-term SwIAV surveillance in Latin America, a poorly studied region of the world. Acknowledgements: CEIRS program: HHSN266200700010C, HHSN272201400008C from NIH-NIAID, FONDEF IDeA Grant ID14I10201 and Proyecto Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - PIA ACT1408, both from CONICYT Chile