Hubungan Salinitas Perairan dengan Kuantitas Bioetanol yang di Hasilkan oleh Nipah (Nypa fruticans) pada berbagai Metode

Nipah merupakan tumbuhan yang sangat potensial sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Keunggulannya adalah nipah bukan sumber utama pangan; penggunaannya tidak akan merusak ekologinya; satu tangkai bunga nipah mampu memproduksi sekitar 3 liter nira perhari selama 20 hari (Riyadi, 2010). \ud Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat hubungan antara salinitas perairan dengan kadar bioetanol yang dihasilkan oleh nira nipah. Pengambilan sampel air laut untuk penentuan stasiun dilaksanakan di Sungai Tello bersalinitas 5,5 ppt; 8 ppt; dan 15 ppt. Pengukuran kadar bioetanol dilakukan terhadap 3 metode, yaitu 0 hari, fermentasi tanpa dan dengan penambahan khamir..\ud Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nipah yang tumbuh pada salinitas 5,5 ppt menghasilkan kadar bioetanol 4,66% dari metode 0 hari, 20,00% dari metode fermentasi tanpa khamir, dan 25,28% dari metode fermentasi dengan penambahan khamir. Nipah yang tumbuh pada salinitas 8 ppt menghasilkan kadar bioetanol 7,34% dari metode 0 hari, 23,48% dari metode fermentasi tanpa penambahan khamir, dan 28,14% dari metode fermentasi dengan penambahan khamir. Sedangkan nipah yang tumbuh pada salinitas 15 ppt menghasilkan kadar bioetanol 10,00% dari metode 0 hari, 17,85% dari metode fermentasi tanpa penambahan khamir, dan 15,67% dari metode fermentasi dengan penambahan khamir.\ud Sainitas perairan memiliki interaksi terhadap metode pembuatan bioetanol. Salinitas 8 ppt dan 5,5 ppt memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan perbandingan rata-rata 19,6550% dan 14,5083%. Salinitas 8 ppt juga memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap salinitas 15 ppt dengan perbandingan rata-rata 19,6550% dan 16,6483%. Sedangkan salinitas 5,5 ppt dan salinitas 15 ppt tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan perbandingan rata-rata 16,6483% dan 14,5083

Effect of Trigona Honey to mRNA Expression of Interleukin-6 on Salmonella Typhi Induced of BALB/c Mice

Weak inflammatory response after Salmonella infection can cause persistent infection and facilitate the long survival of pathogens. Honey can induce key immunomodulators such as TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1, that it can be used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases caused by Salmonella typhi. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of honey on the mRNA expression of IL-6 in Salmonella enterica Typhi induced of BABL/c mice. The study used experimental pretest-posttest control design. Honey treatment was given for 7 days commencing after the induction of Salmonella bacteria. 20 BABL/c males mice whose weight 25-29 grams, were divided into four groups where 5 mice per group within; the negative control group was given regular feed without bacteria induction, the positive control group was given regular feed with bacteria induction, 0.27 ml/kg-weight honey group and 0.27 ml/kg-weight of Propolis honey group. Blood samples for examination of mRNA expression was examined three times that prior to the induction, 24 hours after induction and 72 hours after induction of Salmonella. The results showed that 0.27 ml/kg-weight of Propolis honey group showed the highest mRNA expression (p = 0.000) for both after 24 hours after induction of Salmonella typhi (p = 0.000) and 72 hours after induction of Salmonella typhi (p = 0.000). We conclude that there was effect of honey on the mRNA IL-6 expression in Salmonella typhi induced of BALB/c mice

STUDI IN SILICO POTENSI ANTI KANKER SENYAWA TURUNAN KUMARIN TERHADAP PROTEIN BCL-2

Mutasi pada protein anti-apoptosis BCL-2 merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya kanker payudara. Beberapa studi in vitro telah menunjukkan bahwa Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, yang mengandung flavonoid, timohidrokuinon, terpenoid, karoten, vitamin C, stigmasterol, dan kumarin memiliki efek sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara. Kumarin telah dilaporkan oleh berbagai penelitian berperan dalam berbagai jalur penghambatan terjadinya kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan dan menilai docking dari turunan senyawa kumarin yang terdapat pada tanaman Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, yakni ayapanin dan ayapin, terhadap protein BCL-2. Docking dilakukan dengan menggunakan program command Autodock Vina pada personal computer (PC) dengan sistem operasi Windows 10 64-bit. Struktur protein BCL-2 dengan kode PDB 6QGG diunduh dari RCSB Protein Data Bank dan struktur 3D dari ayapanin dan ayapin diambil dari situs PubChem. Proses moleculer docking dilakukan secara bertahap dari penyiapan ligan dan protein, validasi metode docking, proses docking, hingga analisis data. Energi ikatan yang diperoleh dari docking antara senyawa ayapanin dan ayapin terhadap protein BCL-2 adalah -6.3 kcal/mol dan -6.9 kcal/mol dibandingkan dengan energi ikatan ligan bawaan, yakni -10.3 pada kantung aktif yang sama. Dengan demikian, ayapanin dan ayapanin memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa inhibitor protein anti-apoptosis BCL-2

Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Potential Probiotic in Dangke, A Traditional Food from Enrekang, Indonesia

This research is a preliminary study to explore potential probiotics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in dangke, a traditional food from cow milk in Enrekang, Indonesia

Populasi Bakteri Pada Tanah Bekas Buangan Limbah Merkuri Tambang Emas Di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow: Penelitian Pendahuluan

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals found in nature. Athough adverse health effect of mercury have been known for a long time, exposure to mercury continues and is even increasing in some areas, for example, mercury is still used in gold mining in many parts of North Sulawesi Province. Most of the soil and aquatic bacteria that are continuously exposed to mercury usually develop a genetic adaptation to resist the toxicity of this compound. Bacteria have a specific operon called merOperon that functions to coordinate genes coding for proteins and enzymes involved in mercury disposal and detoxification. Therefore, this preliminary study aims to isolate and identify bacteria collected from gold mining area in the district of Bolaang Mongondow. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from three locations of the gold mining waste disposal and the isolated bacteria were grown in agar media. Identification of the grown bacteria were then be performed using morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that 36 bacteria were successfully isolated, of which, 11 isolates were gram positive bacteria and the remainders were gram negative. All isolates showed motility and all could be grouped into 4 species i.e. Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacea, and Enterobacter aerogenes

Populasi Bakteri Pada Tanah Bekas Buangan Limbah Merkuri Tambang Emas di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow: Penelitian Pendahuluan

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals found in nature. Athough adverse health effect of mercury have been known for a long time, exposure to mercury continues and is even increasing in some areas, for example, mercury is still used in gold mining in many parts of North Sulawesi Province. Most of the soil and aquatic bacteria that are continuously exposed to mercury usually develop a genetic adaptation to resist the toxicity of this compound. Bacteria have a specific operon called merOperon that functions to coordinate genes coding for proteins and enzymes involved in mercury disposal and detoxification. Therefore, this preliminary study aims to isolate and identify bacteria collected from gold mining area in the district of Bolaang Mongondow. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from three locations of the gold mining waste disposal and the isolated bacteria were grown in agar media. Identification of the grown bacteria were then be performed using morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that 36 bacteria were successfully isolated, of which, 11 isolates were gram positive bacteria and the remainders were gram negative. All isolates showed motility and all could be grouped into 4 species i.e. Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacea, and Enterobacter aerogenes

Pengaruh Pemberian Buah Kurma Ajwa (Phoenix dactilyfera L) terhadap Kadar Hormon Anti-Mullerian (AMH) dan Gambaran Klinis Perempuan Perimenopause

Background: Perimenopause is clinically characterized by the appearance of various complaints such as disturbed menstrual cycles, vasomotor symptoms, and mood changes that have an impact on reduced quality of life. The decline in ovarian reserve is thought to be the beginning of this transition which eventually triggers hormonal changes. AMH is used as a marker of ovarian reserve and clinically as a predictive biomarker of menopause. Ajwa dates contain various phytochemicals that have potential to be used to protect primordial follicles from various damage while reducing perimenopause complaints.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of consumption of ajwa dates on AMH levels and clinical features of perimenopausal women.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control design was carried out at RSIA Sitti Khadijah I Muhammadiyah Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to October 2021. This study involved 44 perimenopausal subjects aged 42-48 years who were divided into 2 groups randomly (28 intervention groups, 16 control groups). AMH levels were checked by ELISA method while the clinical features was assessed by clinical examination.Results and Discussion: AMH levels in the intervention group decreased more slowly than the control group (0.37 ± 0.36 ng/ml vs 0.55 ± 0.19 ng/ml, p<0.05). Complaints of sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, and mood changes were better in the intervention group (p<0.05), while complaints of irregular menstrual cycles and hot flushes were not significantly different in either control and intervention groups.Conclusion: AMH levels in the intervention group decreased more slowly than in the control group. The clinical features in the intervention group were better than the control group. Ajwa dates can be a good nutrition in improving the quality of life of perimenopausal women.Keywords: Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH); Clinical Features; Ajwa Dates; Perimenopause

RICE STRAW FERMENTED WITH WHITE ROT FUNGI AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ELEPHANT GRASS IN GOAT FEEDS

Abstract The objective of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of substituting elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with rice straw that has been fermented with white rot fungi in goat. A total of 12 goats were randomly assigned to feed on one of treatment diets according to completely randomised block design. The animals were divided into three blocks according to their initial body weight. The treatments were : RI = 100%, Elephant grass, R2 = 70% Elephant grass + 30% fermented rice straw, R3 = 30% Elephant Grass + 70% fermented rice straw and R4 = 100% fermented rice straw

SERUM FERRITIN AND IRON LEVELS IN ADOLESCENCE OBESITY

ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been reported that obese children have a higher incidence of high ferritin and transferrin saturation than non obese children. The excessive iron stores can cause type 2 diabetes among patients with hemochromatosis, and this event could also occurred in obesity. Objectives: This study sought to know the level of serum ferritin and iron (ferrum) in adolescent obesity which could lead to initiate insulin resistance. Methods: Fifty five adolescence women (3 obese, 22 overweight, and 30 normal weight) involved in this study. The obesity was determined by body mass index (BMI), which are obese if BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2; overweight if BMI 25-30 kg/m2; and normal weight if BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2. The serum level of iron and ferritin assessed by kit analyzer with immunochemiluminescent methods, after drawing 2 ml blood from cubital vein. Conclusions: We concluded that serum ferritin and iron (ferrum) higher in obese group than overweight and normal weight group, although it was not statistically significance (Kruskall Wallis test p &gt; 0.05). It was appeared that serum ferritin and iron tended to elevated following the raising of body mass index (BMI).  Keywords : obesity, serum ferritin, serum iron (ferrum