On mathematical aspects of evolution of dislocation density in metallic materials

This paper deals with the solution of delay differential equations describing evolution of dislocation density in metallic materials. Hardening, restoration, and recrystallization characterizing the evolution of dislocation populations provide the essential equation of the model. The last term transforms ordinary differential equation (ODE) into delay differential equation (DDE) with strong (in general, H\"older) nonlinearity. We prove upper error bounds for the explicit Euler method, under the assumption that the right-hand side function is H\"older continuous and monotone which allows us to compare accuracy of other numerical methods in our model (e.g. Runge-Kutta), in particular when explicit formulas for solutions are not known. Finally, we test the above results in simulations of real industrial process

Coronary arteries anomalies (CAA) as a cause of a sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes - review

Introduction and objective Congenital coronary arteries anomalies (CAA) are one of the most common causes of a sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes. CAA are serious diagnostic and clinical issue because in many patients there are no characteristic clinical symptoms and commonly used tests are not enough to reveal many types of anatomical abnormalities. Authors of this review would like to present current state of knowledge of CAA and their diagnostics, as well as recommendations for proceeding in patients with diagnosed CAA to prevent SCD. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge According to statistics CAA are rare congenital heart defects however they are associated with a more frequent occurrence of SCD. The mechanism of this phenomenon has not been fully explained but there are several hypotheses. The most important of which concerns the dimension of the angle of branch of the coronary artery from the sinus of Valsalva. Numerous clinical studies on SCD pay attention to the occurrence of asymptomatic CAA as the main cause of SCD right after hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Among strategies of proceeding recommended after the diagnosis of CAA, there are pharmacological and surgical treatment, however it hasn't been established which of them is the best for young athletes. Summary One of the most important things to prevent SCD in the course of CAA seems to be creating universal guidelines for early diagnosis and treatment of this congenital defect. Widespread learning first aid and increasing availability of automatic external defibrillators (AED) are also important. SCD of a young athlete is a tragedy not only for the family but also for the whole sporting environment, that is why it is in the public interest to find an answer to the question how we can prevent that cases in the future

Energy Confinement in Shaped TCV Plasmas with Electron Cyclotron Heating

The effects of plasma shape on confinement and sawtooth stability are studied for positive and negative discharge triangularity and for different elongations with 1.5 MW centrally deposited ECH powe

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

New anticoagulants

Ostatnie lata przyniosły przełom w dziedzinie leczenia przeciwzakrzepowego. Do użycia zostały wprowadzone trzy nowe leki: dabigatran, rywaroksaban oraz apiksaban. Kolejne są w fazie badań. Praca zawiera najważniejsze informacje na temat mechanizmów krzepnięcia krwi. Przedstawiono historie dotychczas stosowanych leków przeciwzakrzepowych oraz ich krótką charakterystykę. Następnie scharakteryzowano trzy nowe doustne antykoagulanty, opisano mechanizmy ich działania, porównano skuteczność działania względem siebie oraz do leków dotychczas stosowanych, a także ukazano ich zalety oraz ograniczenia stosowania.Last years brought a breakthrough in the field of anticoagulation therapy. There were three new drugs: dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban released. Others are still being tested. This thesis contains the most important information about the blood clotting mechanisms, the history of drugs used heretofore and their short descriptions. Then the profiles of three newly introduced oral anticoagulants, including the description of mechanisms and effectiveness of their action compared within the group of the new drugs and with the drugs previously used have been described. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of their clinical use have been shown

Evaluation of antileukemic activity of spirofluorenehydantoin derivatives

Pochodne hydantoiny są powszechnie stosowane jako leki przeciwarytmityczne oraz przeciwdrgawkowe. Jednak istnieje niewiele informacji na temat pochodnych hydantoiny jako związków o potencjalnych właściwościach przeciwleukemicznych. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena aktywności przeciwleukemicznej trzech pochodnych spirofluorenohydantoiny (SFH) oraz porównanie efektów ich działania.Do badań in vitro wykorzystano komórki trzech leukemicznych linii: ludzkiej ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej (MOLT-4), ludzkiej ostrej białaczki mieloblastycznej (ML-1) oraz ludzkiej ostrej białaczki promielocytowej (HL-60). Komórki leukemiczne eksponowano na działanie trzech pochodnych SFH: 1’-(3-bromopropylo)-3’-metylospiro[fluoreno-9,5’-imidazolidyno]-2’,4’,-dionu (SFH-3), 1’-(4-bromobutylo)-3’-metylospiro[fluoreno-9,5’-imidazolidyno]-2’,4’,-dionu (SFH-4) oraz 1’-(5-bromopentylo)- 3’-metylospiro[fluoreno- 9,5’-imidazolidyno]- 2’,4’,-dionu (SFH-5). Analizy wykonano w dwóch punktach czasowych, 24 godz. oraz 48 godz. po ekspozycji komórek leukemicznych na działanie pochodnych SFH.W badaniach zastosowano metodę spektrofotometryczną oraz metody cytometryczne. Przy zastosowaniu spektrofotometrycznej metody MTT określono aktywność metaboliczną oraz żywotność komórek. Przy zastosowaniu metody cytometrycznej TMRE określono zmiany w błonowym potencjale mitochondrialnym komórek. Zmiany w eksternalizacji fosfatydyloseryny oraz w integralności błony komórkowej oznaczono stosując metodę cytometryczną z zastosowaniem aneksyny V-FITC i jodku propidyny.Po ekspozycji komórek leukemicznych na działanie pochodnych SFH zaobserwowano zmniejszenie gęstości optycznej formazanu oraz obniżenie żywotności komórek. Wykazano obniżenie błonowego potencjału mitochondrialnego w komórkach MOLT-4, ML-1 oraz HL-60. Zaobserwowano indukcję apoptozy oraz nekrozy w komórkach leukemicznych. Stwierdzono, że efekty działania pochodnych spirofluorenohydantoiny na komórki linii MOLT-4, ML-1 oraz HL-60 są zależne od zastosowanej pochodnej i jej stężenia. Wykazano różną wrażliwość komórek na działanie pochodnych SFH.Hydantoin derivatives are commonly used as antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant drugs. However, available information on potential anticancer activity of hydantoin derivatives is scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare anti-leukemic activity of the three spirofluorenohydantoin derivatives (SFH).In vitro studies were performed on three leukemia cell lines: human lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4), human myeloid leukemia (ML1), and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60). These leukemia cells were exposed to the action of SFH derivatives: 1'- (3-bromopropyl) -3'-methylspiro [fluoro-9,5'-imidazolidine] -2 ', 4'- dione (SFH-3), 1' - (4-bromobutyl) -3'- methylspiro [fluoro-9,5'-imidazolidine] -2 ', 4'- dione (SFH-4) and 1' - (5-bromopentyl) -3'- methylspiro [fluoro-9,5'- imidazolidine] 2 ', 4', - dione (SFH-5). The study was conducted at 24 h and 48 h after the exposure of the leukemia cells to the action of SFH derivatives.The study was performed using spectrophotometry and flow cytometry methods. Metabolic activity and cell viability were determined using the spectrophotometric MTT method. Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed using the flow cytometric TMRE assay. Phosphatidylserine externalization and plasma membrane impairment were assessed using the flow cytometric annexin V-FITC/ propidium iodide assay.After exposure of leukemic cells to the SFH derivatives decrease in optical formazan densities and decrease in cell viability were observed. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in MOLT-4, ML-1 and HL-60 cells. Induction of apoptosis and necrosis was observed in human leukemic cells. It was found that the effects of spirofluorenohydantoin derivatives on MOLT-4, ML-1 and HL-60 cells are depend on the derivative and its concentration. Various cell sensitivity to SFH derivatives has been demonstrated