The Evaluation of Functional Quality in Bachelor Midwifery Students based on Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch

Abstract Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the standardized and accepted methods for the certification of undergraduate midwifery in the world. OSCE is a type of examination often used in health sciences (e.g. midwifery), which is designed to test clinical skill performance and competence in skills such as clinical examination, medical procedures / prescription, exercise prescription, manipulation techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of midwifery students’ performance before the final exam through the OSCE method in Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 1396 on 75 midwifery students before entering the final exam. Checklists for evaluation of skills were analyzed by the experts’ panel to increase the validity of checklists. For examining the reliability of the exam in studied population, the spilt-half method was used. Evaluation of the quality of students’ performance in various areas of pregnancy and childbirth, gynecological diseases, maternal and child health and they were carried out at three levels of diagnosis, decision making and therapeutic interventions. The exam was also carried out in 12 sections along with a rest one. Results: 75 volunteers were divided equally according existing stations. 89/3% were under the age of 25 years old 48% were single and 52% were married. The average score was calculated, when the students were able to answer 50% of the items in each domain. If the volunteer answered more than 50% of the items, she would be in good shape, while the volunteer answered fewer than 50% of the items, she would be weak. The performance of midwifery students was moderate and good at all stations except for Pap smear in gynecology domain, fetal health evaluation in pregnancy and childbirth domain, and Vaccination in maternal and child health domain. (PV<0.848, PV<0.666, PV<0.711 respectively both diagnosis and decision making level. Conclusions: Since the OSCE examines the strengths and weaknesses of students, this study indicated that weakness of midwifery students of Mashhad Azad University lied in some important areas such as, fetal health evaluation, Pap smear and Vaccination which should be more considered and emphasized on by the instructors and educational planners

Postconditioning is protective in renal reperfusion injury only in male rats. A gender difference study

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Caustic Cleaning Agent ingestion: a Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Background: Caustic ingestion in the pediatric population usually occurs accidentally in children under five years due to insufficient care or negligent household depositing of caustic substances. Neglectful behavior of parents while preparing formula for a neonate can lead to this rare condition in newborns. Case Presentation: We are reporting the case of a four-day-old newborn that was accidentally given house cleaning liquid mixed with formula by his mother, who mistook it for water to dilute the milk. This led to the development of extensive oral and esophageal lesions.  Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of providing education for parents on how to prevent such accidents and avoid neglectful behaviors while caring for their children

Experiences Living with Fatigue in Iranian Veterans Chemically Injured by Sulfur Mustard Gas: A Phenomenological Study

SummaryPurposeFatigue affects the quality of life. Evidence shows that the phenomenon of fatigue is experienced differently depending on the type of disease and its consequences. The aim of the study was to explicate the meanings of the experience of living with fatigue in chemically injured veterans.MethodsThe hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used in this study, with an emphasis on Van Mennen's viewpoint and approach. According to Van Mennen, six overlapping dynamic activities are recommended to conduct a phenomenological study. During unstructured interviews, the participants were asked to describe their daily living experiences with fatigue. The participants were individuals who were chemically injured due to exposure to mustard gas. After examining every statement in the interview text, extractions of the meaning units, clustering, and themes were performed.ResultsThe data explication was based on the third to sixth stages of Van Mennen's approach. The experience living with fatigue was classified into four essential themes: fatigue as a chronic condition, as an unstable and affected situation, as a physical condition of the entire individual, and as a mental condition of the entire individual.ConclusionDue to unique social interactions and pathogenicity, victims of mustard gas experience fatigue differently than patients with other chronic diseases

Evaluation of the Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron versus Placebo before Anesthesia on Vomiting after Endoscopy and Colonoscopy Procedures

Background: Vomiting is a common complication after endoscopic procedures in children. Different medications could be administered to control vomiting after endoscopy. The goal of this study is to evaluate anti-emetic effects of ondansetron in children who undergo endoscopic procedures.Methods: In this clinical randomized trial, 198 children (103 female/95 male) were randomly assigned into one of the following two studied groups. Case group (G1): Fentanyl 1 µg/kg + propofol 2.5 mg/kg + ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg and control group (G2): Fentanyl 1 µg/kg + propofol 2.5 mg/kg + 2 cc normal saline.Results: The mean age was 6.3 ± 3.5 years (6.2 ± 3.6 years in G1 vs. 6.4 ± 3.5 years in G2). The most common cause of endoscopy procedure in both groups was hematochezia. Vomiting, recovery time, Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED), and Aldrete scores were compared. Rate of vomiting after recovery and Aldrete score were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:Ondansetron is effective in controlling vomiting after colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Also, patients in intervention group experienced better recovery time

The effect of maternal Ramadan fasting on growth parameters of their breast-fed infants.

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر بهترین الگوی غذایی مناسب با رشد شیرخواران است. با توجه به اینکه بسیاری از مادران در ماه مبارک رمضان روزه‌دار هستند، بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر روزه‌داری مادران بر شاخص های رشد شیرخوارانی که تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر دارند انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کوهورت در یک دوره 2 ماهه از ابتدای ماه رمضان تا انتهای ماه بعد در سال 1385 انجام گرفت. از بین شیرخواران سالم با سن 15 روز الی 6 ماه که منحصراً با شیر مادر تغذیه می شدند تعداد 60 شیرخوار وارد مطالعه شدند و بـــر اساس روزه داری مادرانشان به دو گروه مورد که مادران آنها در ماه رمضان روزه‌دار بـــودند (27 شیرخوار) و گـــروه شاهد که مادران آنها روزه دار نبودند (33 شیرخوار) تقسیم شدند. شاخص های رشد شیرخواران (قد، وزن و دور سر) در ماه مبارک رمضان و در ماه بعد اندازه گیری و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی آزمون آنالیز واریانس تکرار شده و t مستقل تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: توزیع سنی و جنسی شیرخواران در دو گروه برابر بود (05/0P>). در مجموع، وزن، قد و دور سر به ترتیب 21، 7 و 6 درصد طی مطالعه افزایش یافتند (05/0>P). آزمون آنالیز واریانس تکرار شده نشان داد که تفاوتی بین میزان افزایش شاخص‌های رشد شیرخواران مادران روزه‌دار و شیرخواران مادرانی که روزه‌دار نیستند وجود ندارد (05/

The effect of supermint oral drop (peppermint essence) on the patients’ pain and their satisfaction after colonoscopy

زمینه و هدف: کولونوسکپی روشی تهاجمی است که برای بیمار به ویژه کودکان ناراحت کننده و دردناک است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان تأثیر تجویز قطره خوراکی سوپرمینت (اسانس نعناع) بر درد و رضایتمندی بیمار پس از عمل کولونوسکوپی بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی، 101 بیمار کاندید عمل کولونوسکوپی به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. به گروه شاهد(50 نفر) دارویی تجویز نشد. به گروه مورد (51 نفر)، 20 قطره خوراکی سوپرمینت 30 دقیقه قبل از کولونوسکوپی خورانده شد. پس از عمل کولونوسکوپی با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد میزان درد و رضایتمندی بیمار بررسی شد. داده ها توسط آزمون توصیفی و تحلیلی (t-test) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین میزان دردهای شکمی در گروه شاهد 527/0±500/2 و در گروه مورد 491/0± 625/1 از نمره 10 بود (05/0

Detection of Epstein Barr Virus by Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization in cases of extra-hepatic biliary atresia

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Prevalence of Compartment Syndrome and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation following Rhabdomyolysis; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis (RM) may cause some complications such as compartment syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which can affect its prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of the mentioned complications following RM. Methods: Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched using keywords related to compartment syndrome, DIC, and rhabdomyolysis with appropriate combination. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that conducted research on the prevalence of compartment syndrome and DIC in patients with RM were included in the present study. The desired data were extracted from the included studies and meta-analysis was conducted on them to calculate pooled prevalence of these complications. Results: Twenty articles were included in our systematic review. The rate of compartment syndrome reported in these studies ranged from 0 to 30.7%. Our meta-analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of 4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20 to 7.40) for compartment syndrome in these studies. The pooled prevalence of this complication was 7.1% (95% CI: 2.90 to 16.00) among patients with severe RM and 4.4% (95% CI: 1.80 to 10.00) in traumatic RM. The rate of DIC reported in the included studies ranged from 0 to 40.47%. Our meta-analysis showed the pooled prevalence of 8.3% (95% CI: 03.90 to 16.50) for this complication among RM patients. Conclusion: We reported the rates of compartment syndrome and DIC in RM patients based on rhabdomyolysis etiologies through an epidemiologic systematic review and meta-analysis. The rate of compartment syndrome was slightly higher in patients with severe RM and its rate in patients with traumatic RM was close to the overall rate of compartment syndrome.