Pollen and seed morphology of the genus marrubium lamiaceae in Turkey

Morphological feature of pollen and seed of Turkish species of the complex genus Marrubium were examined using light and electron microscopy. On the basis of exine sculpturing and seed shape, three main type are recognized in Marrubium. The study revealed that palynological and seed morphological characters are of morphological significance in the genus

Starch grains in Turkish Betula (birch) and Corylus (hazel) pollens

Giriş: Polenler mevsimsel allerjik rinite neden olan en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Polen allerjenleri, polen tanesinin farklı bölgelerinde bulunabilmektedir. Özellikle polen sitoplazmasında yer alan nişastalar üzerinde bulunan allerjenler, meteorolojik faktörlere bağlı olarak, özellikle yağmurlu havalarda polen dışına çıkabilmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada önemli allerjik reaksiyonlara neden olan Türkiye’de yetişen Betula ve Corylus polenlerinin sitoplazmasındaki nişasta taneleri ışık ve transmisyon elektron mikroskoplarında incelenmiştir. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Betula ve Corylus poleninde Bet v 1 allerjenlerini taşıyan nişasta taneleri saptanmıştır. Aynı zamanda transmisyon elektron mikroskobunda çekilmiş mikrofotoğraflarda nişasta tanelerinin yanı sıra, ekzin ve intin tabakaları da gözlemlenmiştir.Objective: Pollens are one of the most effective factor that cause seasonal allergic rhinitis. Pollen allergens may localize different parts of pollen. Allergens are especially bind with starch, which localized at cytoplasm can come out of pollen depending on meteorological factors mainly in rainy weather. Materials and Methods: In this study, Betula and Corylus pollens that cause allergic reactions were collected from Turkey, have been studied at light and transmission electron microscopy. Results and Conclusion: Starch grains that carrying Bet v 1 allergens were detected in Betula and Corylus pollen. Shape of grains was prolate-ellipsoidal and 0.5-2 μm in size. Also exine and intine layer of pollen and starch granules were observed in transmission electron microscopy

Pollen morphology of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) in Turkey

Pinar, Nur Munevver/0000-0001-5466-795X; Coskuncelebi, Kamil/0000-0001-5713-6628; ACAR SAHIN, AYDAN/0000-0002-5350-5534WOS: 000379312400001The pollen morphology of 45 taxa belonging to 15 sections of the genus Scorzonera distributed in Turkey were studied with light and electron microscopies. the pollen is generally 3-zonocolporate. Pollen grains are oblate-spheroidal with the polar axes 23.2-59.2 mu m and the equatorial axes 27-62.5 mu m. the outline is more or less circular to slightly elliptic in equatorial view and triangular or obtuse-hexagonal in polar view; amb semiangular to intersemiangular. Sculpturing is echinolophate. the spines are commonly concave-conical with a broad basis, sides are straight or slightly convex with a subacute tapered apical portion. Numerical analysis showed that polar axes, equatorial axes and exine thickness are valuable variables for seperating the examined taxa.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109T972]The authors wish to express their thanks to TUBITAK (109T972) for financial support

Pollen morphology of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) in Turkey

Pinar, Nur Munevver/0000-0001-5466-795X; Coskuncelebi, Kamil/0000-0001-5713-6628; ACAR SAHIN, AYDAN/0000-0002-5350-5534WOS: 000379312400001The pollen morphology of 45 taxa belonging to 15 sections of the genus Scorzonera distributed in Turkey were studied with light and electron microscopies. the pollen is generally 3-zonocolporate. Pollen grains are oblate-spheroidal with the polar axes 23.2-59.2 mu m and the equatorial axes 27-62.5 mu m. the outline is more or less circular to slightly elliptic in equatorial view and triangular or obtuse-hexagonal in polar view; amb semiangular to intersemiangular. Sculpturing is echinolophate. the spines are commonly concave-conical with a broad basis, sides are straight or slightly convex with a subacute tapered apical portion. Numerical analysis showed that polar axes, equatorial axes and exine thickness are valuable variables for seperating the examined taxa.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109T972]The authors wish to express their thanks to TUBITAK (109T972) for financial support

Pollen morphology of Scaligeria DC. (Apiaceae) in Turkey

In this study, the pollen morphology of all Scaligeria DC. species distributed in Turkey were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The aim is to contribute to knowledge of the variation among seven Scaligeria species, which have taxonomic problems, based on pollen morphological characteristics by population analysis. The pollen is radially symmetrical, isopolar, and tricolporate in all examined species. Pollen grains are prolate and subprolate with the polar axes ranging from 18.4 to 37 mu m and the equatorial axes from 9.8 to 30 mu m. Their polar shapes are triangular, triangular to subcircular, circular to subcircular, or triangular to subtriangular. Several types of exine ornamentations have been observed on pollen by scanning electron microscopy. Numerical analysis showed that pore structure, the ratio of P/E, and ornamentation in the polar and equatorial views are most valuable variables for separating the Scaligeria species. All S. lazica taxa were grouped together and S. capillifolia and S. tripartita were the external taxa due to cluster and PCA analysis

The change of fungal spore concentrations with meteorologic factors in atmospher of Adana and the usage of protein extracts obtained from these atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests

Giriş: Hava kaynaklı mantar sporlarının konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi mevsimsel allerjik hastalıkların klinik tanısında ve izleminde yararlı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada birinci amaç, 12 ay süresince, meteorolojik faktörlerin Adana atmosferindeki fungal spor konsantrasyonlarının değişimi üzerine etkilerini araştırmak; ikinci amaç ise, atmosferden elde edilen fungal hücre protein ekstrelerinin deri prik (delme) testlerinde kullanılabilirliğini test etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 01 Ocak 2006-01 Ocak 2007 tarihleri arasında Adana atmosferinde bulunan fungal sporlar şehir merkezine yerleştirilen Burkard spor tutma aleti ile toplanmıştır. Cladosporium ve Alternaria spor konsantrasyonları günlük olarak sayılmıştır. Sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgar, göreli nem gibi meteorolojik faktörlerin spor konsantrasyonlarının değişimi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, atmosferden izole edilmiş ve tür düzeyinde tanımlanmış Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pluriseptata ve Alternaria tenuissima mantar türlerinden total hücre proteini ekstreleri hazırlanmış; bu ekstreler, 35 mantar allerjili birey ve 20 kişilik kontrol grubuna deri prik testinde uygulanarak sonuçlar, klinikte kullanılan standart fungal allerjenler ile kıyaslanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma dönemini içeren 12 aylık süreçte, Adana atmosferinde toplam 1.537.307 mantar sporu mikroskopta sayılmış, bunlardan 1.117.763 (%73)’ü Cladosporium, 419.544 (%27)’ü Alternaria olarak tanımlanmıştır. Cladosporium ve Alternaria spor sayısı mayıs ayında 314.477 Cladosporium ve 159.291 Alternaria ile maksimuma ulaşmıştır. Özellikle 15-25°C sıcaklık ve %60-70 civarı nem oranı olduğu zaman fungal spor sayısının arttığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada hazırlanan mantar ekstrelerinin deri testlerinde, kontrol grubunda hiçbir reaksiyona yol açmadığı, mantar-allerjik bireylerde ise, klinikte kullanılan standart mantar allerjenlerinkine çok benzer hiperemi ve endurasyon yanıtı oluşturdukları saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Adana atmosferinde fungal spor konsantrasyonları, allerjik eşik değerinin çok üzerinde olup, başta sıcaklık ve nem olmak üzere, birçok meteorolojik parametreden etkilenebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, atmosferdeki mantarlardan elde edilen protein ekstrelerinin deri testlerinde kullanımı, standart fungal allerjenler ile kıyaslandığında başarılı bulunmuştur.Objective: The determination of airborne fungal spore concentrations can be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of allergic diseases. The first aim was to investigate the effects of meteorologic factors on the changes of fungal spore concentrations atmosphere. The second aim was to test the usage of cell protein extracts which obtained from these atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests. Materials and Methods: The fungal spores were collected by means of a Burkard seven-day recording volumetric trap. Daily concentrations of Cladosporium and Alternaria spores have been recorded. The effects of the meteorological factors like temperature and relative humidity on the variation of spore concentrations have been investigated. Additionally, total cell protein extracts were prepared from fungi; these extracts were used in skin prick tests of 35 children with fungal allergy and 20 children as control group: the results were compared with standart fungal allergens. Results: During the study period, total 1.537.307 fungal spores were counted; 1.117.763 (73%) of them were defined as Cladosporium and 419.544 (%27) were Alternaria. The number of Cladosporium and Alternaria spores reached to maximum level at may with 314.477 of Cladosporium and 159.291 of Alternaria. The increase in number of fungal spores was detected especially in the presence of temperature between 15-25°C and in humidity of 60- 70%. The fungal extracts prepared in this study did not caused any reaction when applied in skin prick tests of the control group; in the fungal allergic children, the response of hyperemia and enduration was very similar to the those of the standart fungal allergens. Conclusion: The fungal spore concentrations in Adana were above the allergic threshold levels; and could be affected by various meteorologic factors. Additionally, when compared with the standart fungal allergens, the usage of protein extracts obtained from the atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests was found success full