Huerta Comunitaria El Porvenir

Los proyectos sociales se crean bajo el objetivo de cubrir necesidades básicas de las personas y de las comunidades, bajo ese contexto hemos creado nuestro proyecto social “Huerta Comunal el Porvenir” el cual pretende cubrir una de las necesidades propias del ser humano y más vista de la zona Bosa como lo es la seguridad alimentaria y la economía, formas en las cuales comunidades se ven afectadas debido a las movidas económicas y sociales que se dan por estos días y factores económicos que no exoneran a ningún tipo de persona y más a las comunidades de personas en el sector.The social projects are created under the objective of covering basic needs of people and communities, under this context we have created our social project "Huerta Comunal el Porvenir" which aims to cover one of the needs of human beings and more seen in the Bosa area such as food security and economy, ways in which communities are affected due to economic and social movements that occur these days and economic factors that do not exonerate any person and more communities of people in the sector

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

Bent trees have been observed during the early years in juvenile plantations (less than 5 years-old) of Tectona grandis in Costa Rica. The relationship between bending and the morphological characteristics of the trees was explored. An evaluation of bent trees was conducted in six juvenile plantations (8, 17, 27, 28, 31, and 54 months old) of Tectona grandis. Site 1 with 8-month-old plantations did not display any relationship with any tree morphological variable (diameter, height, and crown weight of tree), whereas for the sites 2, 3, and 4 with 17-, 27-, and 28-month-old plantations, respectively, all the tree morphological variables were statistically correlated with the bent trees. A multiple regression analysis showed that the most influential variables were height to crown base, crown weight, diameter, and total height of the tree. An evaluation of the bending risk factor (RF) was correlated with the height to crown base, crown weight, and form factor. The modulus of elasticity and chemical compositions of bent trees differed from those of straight trees. The causes of tree bending are complex, involving, among other factors, the morphology of the trees, plantation conditions, and other factors specific to the xylem, such as the specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, and presence of calcium and magnesium in the wood

CRESCIMENTO EFETIVO MENSAL INICIAL EM PLANTAÇÕES DE TECA (Tectona grandis) EM COSTA RICA

Os modelos de crescimento para o DAP e da altura total vs. idade, expresso em meses efetivos, com base em 1571 e 910 parcelas em todo o país, respetivamente, foram ajustados. A altura total foi medida com uma vara telescópica ou tamben, em árvores na terra. Ele foi definido como o crescimento naõ efetivo a partir do momento em que um défice de água ou quando a caducidade excedeu 75% da árvore. Usando dendrômetros corrobora-se a paragem do crescimento. Os modelos ajustados para DAP foram com um R2 de 0,827 e 0,897 para a altura total. Visando determinar o crescimento esperado de uma plantação de teca no país em qualquer mês de idade (primeiros 5 a 6 anos de idade), fram adjustados uma curva média nacional, uma curva de limite superior e uma curva de limite inferior, que respondem por 67% da variação total. As curvas de crescimento refletem a aplicação de um pacote silvicultural baseada em sementes melhoradas ou clones, com controle adequado de plantas daninhas primeiros anos, a correção da acidez quando necessário e realizar a desrama e desbaste oportuno. Estes modelos são uma ferramenta da qualidade para o controle do crescimento de teca na Costa Rica. Suas informações serão úteis para a tomada de decisões em projetos de investimento com esta espécie. No futuro, estes modelos poderão ser empregados nas avaliações de produtividade da teca no país. Palavras-chave: teca, crescimento, estresse hídrico, controle de qualidade.   EFFECTIVE MONTHLY GROWTH IN TEAK PLANTATION (Tectona grandis) IN COSTA RICA ABSTRACT The growth models for the DBH and total height vs. age, expressed in effective months based in 1571 and 910 plots across the country, respectively, were adjusted. The overall height was measured with a telescopic pole or Too I in trees on earth. It was defined as the effective no growth from the time when a water deficit or when the expiry exceeded 75% of the tree. Using dendrometers supports to growth arrest. The models were adjusted for PAD with an R2 of 0.827 and 0.897 for total height. In order to determine the expected growth of a teak plantation in the country in any month of age (first 5 to 6 years old), were adjusted a national average curve, an upper limit curve and a lower limit curve, which account for 67 % of total variation. The growth rates reflect the application of a forestry package based on improved seeds or clones, with adequate weed control early years, the correction when necessary acidity and perform the appropriate pruning and thinning. These models are a tool for quality control of teak growth in Costa Rica. Your information will be useful for decision-making in investment projects with this species. In the future, these models maybe used in teak productivity assessments in the country. Keywords: teak, growth, water stress, quality control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n01a0