Effects of Dissolving Solutions on the Accuracy of an Electronic Apex Locator-Integrated Endodontic Handpiece

The effects of three dissolving agents on the accuracy of an electronic apex locator- (EAL-) integrated endodontic handpiece during retreatment procedures were evaluated. The true lengths (TLs) of 56 extracted incisor teeth were determined visually. Twenty teeth were filled with gutta-percha and a resin-based sealer (group A), 20 with gutta-percha and a zinc oxide/eugenol-based sealer (group B), and 16 roots were used as the control group (group C). All roots were prepared to TL. Guttasolv, Resosolv, and Endosolv E were used as the dissolving solutions. Two evaluations of the handpiece were performed: the apical accuracy during the auto reverse function (ARL) and the apex locator function (EL) alone. The ARL function of the handpiece gave acceptable results. There were significant differences between the EL mode measurements and the TL (P<0.05). In these comparisons, Tri Auto ZX EL mode measurements were significantly shorter than those of the TL

Shaping ability of the profile 25/0.06 and protaper F2 in rotary motion, and reciproc in simulated canals

Background Since the introduction of nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) instruments to dentistry, a wide variety of Ni–Ti instruments have become commercially available. These Ni–Ti instruments are expensive, which limits their usage in developing countries and forces practitioners to use instruments repeatedly. Another problem is the possible prion cross-contamination associated with the multiple usage of endodontic instruments. In addition, the use of these instruments requires new skills and experience. In this article, the shaping capacities of two conventional rotary file systems, ProFile 25/0.06 and ProTaper F2, were reviewed and compared with the Reciproc single-file system. Methods A total of 45 simulated canals with 40° curvature, in clear resin blocks, were prepared using conventional rotary systems consisting of ProFile orifice shaping (OS) #3 and final flaring #25/.06, Reciproc R25, and ProTaper shaping file SX and finishing file F2. Pre-and post-instrumentation images were analyzed at ten different levels, using AutoCAD 2007 software. The measurement positions were defined in 1-mm intervals: positions 0–3 established the apical part, positions 4–6 constituted the middle part, and positions 7–10 established the coronal part of the canal. The amount of removed resin, the transportation, instrumentation time, change in working length (WL), instrumentation fractures, and the presence of ledge were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and independent t-test (p < 0.001). Results ProFile removed the least resin (p < 0.001) and caused less transportation than Reciproc and ProTaper, in total (p < 0.001). ProTaper caused more transportation ProFile and Reciproc in the apical part (p < 0.000). Reciproc caused more transportation than ProTaper and ProFile (p < 0.001), and the transportation tendency toward the inner aspect of the curvature in the middle part. Reciproc caused the less transportation than ProFile and ProTaper in the coronal part. The transportations tended to occur toward the outside of the curvature, except the middle part with Reciproc and at points 5 and 6 with ProTaper. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of maintaining the original WL. Reciproc was significantly faster than the others group (p < 0.001). Only one instrument fracture (25/0.06 ProFile) was noted. All groups showed one ledge each. Discussion The results of the present study showed that both ProFile 25/06 and ProTaper F2, combined with a file used for coronal enlargement (OS3 and SX), have the potential to create satisfactory canal shape in the curved root canals. Further studies using real human teeth are needed to confirm our results

Convenient Novel Method for Diagnosing Diastolic Dysfunction: Electrocardiographic Diastolic Index

Background and Aim:Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is the primary pathophysiology in patients with preserved ejection heart failure. Hypertension (HT) results in myocardial structural changes and accelerates the progression to LVDD. Electrocardiographic diastolic index (EDI) calculated from electrocardiogram parameters can provide information about the correlation between hypertrophy of the left ventricle and LVDD. We investigated the predictor of EDI in detecting LVDD in patients followed up with HT.Materials and Methods:This study included 202 consecutive patients with HT between January 2022 and March 2022. The patients were classified without and with LVDD. The EDI is created as (V5-R amplitude + V1-S amplitude x aVL-R amplitude/PWL-I amplitude). The prediction value of the EDI for LVDD was evaluated by curve analysis of the receiver operating curve. Multivariate and univariate logistic regression analyzes were used to evaluate the free predictors of LVDD. Two multivariate models were used (model I: EDI as a continuous variable and model II: EDI as a categorical variable).Results:The patients were classified into two groups by showing LVDD. The average age of the study population was 50 ± 14 years, and 57.4% of the patients were female. The patient EDI value was 8.5 ± 7.3. The EDI value of the first group was remarkably lower than that of the second group. When the limit value of EDI is greater than 7.4 mV, it predicts LVDD with 63.6% sensitivity and 79.8% specificity. In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of LVDD was associated with EDI. Two different multivariate regression models were constructed to evaluate EDI as both a continuous variable and a categorical variable. EDI was determined as an independent predictor of LVDD in both models.Conclusion:The EDI is an essential assessment tool in predicting DD in patients who are followed up with HT because it is a cheap, accessible, and easy-to-use formula

Teachers’ opinions about discussion as a teaching method and communication form

İnsanoğlu için farklı ve yeni düşüncelerin varlığı bir zenginliktir. Birey kendini belirli bir düşünceye bağlamadıysa ya da bir kalıba göre yaşamını şekillendirmediyse yeniliğe ve gelişmeye açık denilebilir. Bu nedenle insan kendini geliştirmek için çevresiyle sürekli iletişim hâlin-dedir. Hayatın her anında konuşma, anlatma ve kabul görme çabası içindedir. İnsani bir erdem olan bu durum farklı ve yeni bir düşünce-nin varlığında kendini kabul ettirme çabası içerisine girer. Böylelikle toplumda kabul görür bir tartışma başlamış olur. Tartışma becerisi bütün bu olguları bünyesinde barındıran ve özellikle okul çağlarında üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir etkinliktir. Bu çalışmada, orta-öğretim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin bir iletişim biçimi ve öğretim yöntemi olarak tartışmaya dair görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenine göre yürütülmüş-tür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Giresun ilindeki liselerde görev yapan 101 branş öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Lise öğretmenlerinin tartışma ile ilgili görüşlerini belirlemek için görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araş-tırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış olan görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde, cevapla-rın niteliğine göre, betimsel ve içerik analizi bir arada kullanılmıştır.The existence of different ideas for is a great wealth for hu-man being. People are open to new ideas and developments as long as they don’t impose themselves on a cetain thoughts. Otherwise, people grow up their mistakes with their own knowledge which are thought to be true. Therefore, they are constantly in communication within the social structure. In the every moment of their life, they are in the effort of speaking, explanation and acceptance. This situation, which is a human virtue, starts to struggle to make itself known and acceted in the presence of a different and new idea. Thus, it begins to be accepted in the society and a discussion starts. Discussion skill is an important activity which has all these facts in it and it should be emphasized particularly in the school years. Aim of this study is to determine the secondary education teachers views about discussion as a form of communication and a teaching method. This research has been carried out according to the quaitative research design. The study group of this research has been made up by 101 branch teachers who are wor-king in high school in Giresun. To determine the high school teachers views about discussion, interview technique has been used. The data of the research has been collected through the interviews forms prepa-red by the researchs. On the obtained data, descriptive and content analysis has been used together according to the quality of the answers

Determination of the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation through dentinal tubules on several oral pathogens

The effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiations at different power settings on several oral pathogens were evaluated. A total of 252 dentin samples were divided into seven groups consisting of 36 dentin specimens each. In each group, 9 of the 36 specimens were used as controls, thereby including a control in every group. The remaining 27 specimens were divided into three subgroups consisting of nine specimens according to different Nd:YAG laser settings (1.5, 1.8, and 2 W). Each group was inoculated on the nonpulpal side with one of the following microorganisms: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida sake, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The following irradiation procedure was used: the specimens were irradiated on the bacteria-free side (the side consisting of the pulpal wall) using contact mode under the constant scanning movement of the optical fiber at an angle of 10A degrees. One lasing cycle consisted of four irradiation cycles of 10 s each, with 15-s intervals in between each irradiation cycle. The remainder of the controls and the lased specimens of each group were prepared for the microbiological investigation. After incubation for 24 h at 37 A degrees C, the colonies were counted, and the total number of surviving microorganisms was statistically assessed. Microorganisms irradiated with Nd:YAG laser at power settings 2 W, 15 pps did not survive. Although there was a significant reduction of microorganisms at 1.5 and 1.8 W, when comparing Nd:YAG laser irradiation with the control group, sterilization did not occur