Comune di Bonnanaro: interessante cultivar sarda di ciliegio

Among population of sweet cherry trees grown in North-Western Sardinia, the cv <<Comune di Bonnanaro>>, so called because it is spread in the most importance area of cherry cultivation, has a particular importance. This rustic variety is characterized by medium vigorous trees, the blossoming occurs in the third decade of March and the commercia harvest-time at the end of May. The fruit is small, tender and deep red and with colourless juice at the ripeness. Its acidulous taste is very pleasant. Sapidity of the drupe and hardness of the trees, however, join up with small size and low flesh/stone ratio of fruits

Prove di tossicità da S C P nell'ovino: nota 7.: rilievi sul comportamento della microflora ruminale

During chronic and acute toxicity trials on ovines, fed with an alkanegrown SCP, observations were also made on the behaviour of the ruminaI microflora. The different diet supplied to both experimental and control groups of animals, did not seem to have affected the total count and the total numbers of Starch digesters, Cellulose digesters and Proteolytic bacteria. During the chronic toxicity test, 194 strains of yeast were identified belonging to the following species: Candida boidinii, Candida slooffii, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus, Cryptococcus albidus var. diffluens, Cryptococcus dimennae, Cryptococcus kuetzingii, Rhodotorula glutinis var. dairenensis, Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis, Rhodotorula graminis, Rhodotorula pallida, Rhodotorula rubra, Torulopsis versatilis, Trichosporon cutaneum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Debaryomyces phaffi, Debaryomyces tamarii, Saccharomyces vafer . The yeast species that were isolated were not so different from those discovered by other authors in similar researches, carried cut, however, in animals fed differently. A marked diffusion of the genus Debaryomyces was to be observed, together with a notable lipolytic and caseinolytic activity in most of the strains isolated. At first the introduction of SCP in the diet at concentrations of 15% and 40% seemed to favour the multiplication of the yeasts in the rumen fluid, but their numbers diminished towards the end of both test in all groups under observation. The type of protein given, does not seem to have affected even the species of yeasts that are usually lodged in the animals rumen. Screening of the isolated strains is now in course for the SCP production on glucose, lactose, xylose, starch, fruit and citrus pulps, and other conventional substrata

Response of cactus pear fruit to high temperature conditioning and film wrapping

First crop cactus pear cv "Gialla" fruits harvested the 15th of September were wrapped with a 19 mm thick film or left unwrapped and then divided into two lots, of whom one was immediately stored at 17°C and 60% relative humidity (RH) for 2 or 4 weeks, while the other one before being stored at the same conditions, was conditioned at 36°C and 90% RH for 36 hours. At each inspection time fruit were checked for incidence of decay, overall appearance and presence of dermatosis. High temperature conditioning, although not detrimental, had a negative effect on overall appearance and dermatosis. Dermatosis appeared in the form of brown spots on the peel similar to the symptoms of chilling injury previously described by other authors. The incidence of decay was higher in conditioned fruits than in nonconditioned ones. Plastic film had a positive effect in reducing ageing and dermatosis, while promoted microorganism development. Neither the plastic film nor the curing treatment had important influence on chemical parameters, while significant was the effect of the storage period on pH, which changed from 5.95 of harvest to 6.3 after 4 week's storage, and titratab1e acidity (% citric acid), which decreased from 0.077% of harvest to 0.045% at the end of the storage period. In conclusion, the results show a very positive contribution of the plastic film in maintaining the initial quality of the fruits, in fact at the end of the trial the wrapped fruit appeared as fresh as at harvest, while no positive influence was exerted by the cwing treatment

Rilevamento dei pollini allergenici nell'atmosfera di Sassari nel 1984 e 1985

Allo scopo di elaborare il Calendario dei pollini allergenici per l'atmosfera di Sassari, è stato proseguito nella stessa città per tutto il 1984 e 1985 il monitoraggio pollinico mediante apparecchio campionatore volumetrico "Burkard" , con la solita tecnica (cattura su nastro Melinex spalmato con soluzione di olio di silicone in CCL4,colorazione con liquido di Calberla, montaggio in gelatina glicerinata alla fucsina) effettuando la conta a 800X (1984) e 500X (1985)

Knowledge about tuberculosis among undergraduate health care students in 15 Italian universities: a cross-sectional study

Background: The Italian Study Group on Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health conducted a multicentre survey aiming to evaluate undergraduate health care students’ knowledge of tuberculosis and tuberculosis control measures in Italy. Methods: In October 2012–June 2013, a sample of medical and nursing students from 15 Italian universities were enrolled on a voluntary basis and asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire investigating both general knowledge of tuberculosis (aetiology, clinical presentation, outcome, screening methods) and personal experiences and practices related to tuberculosis prevention. Data were analysed through multivariable regression using Stata software. Results: The sample consisted of 2,220 students in nursing (72.6%) and medicine (27.4%) courses. Our findings clearly showed that medical students had a better knowledge of tuberculosis than did nursing students. Although the vast majority of the sample (up to 95%) answered questions about tuberculosis aetiology correctly, only 60% of the students gave the correct responses regarding clinical aspects and vaccine details. Overall, 66.9% of the students had been screened for tuberculosis, but less than 20% of those with a negative result on the tuberculin skin test were vaccinated. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age and type of study programme (nursing vs. medical course) were determinants of answering the questions correctly. Conclusions: Although our data showed sufficient knowledge on tuberculosis, this survey underlines the considerable need for improvement in knowledge about the disease, especially among nursing students. In light of the scientific recommendations concerning tuberculosis knowledge among students, progress of current health care curricula aimed to develop students’ skills in this field is needed.</br

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

A Systematic Review and International Web-Based Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Perioperative and Critical Care Setting: Interventions Reducing Mortality

The authors aimed to identify interventions documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reduce mortality in adult critically ill and perioperative patients, followed by a survey of clinicians’ opinions and routine practices to understand the clinicians’ response to such evidence. The authors performed a comprehensive literature review to identify all topics reported to reduce mortality in perioperative and critical care settings according to at least 2 RCTs or to a multicenter RCT or to a single-center RCT plus guidelines. The authors generated position statements that were voted on online by physicians worldwide for agreement, use, and willingness to include in international guidelines. From 262 RCT manuscripts reporting mortality differences in the perioperative and critically ill settings, the authors selected 27 drugs, techniques, and strategies (66 RCTs, most frequently published by the New England Journal of Medicine [13 papers], Lancet [7], and Journal of the American Medical Association [5]) with an agreement ≥67% from over 250 physicians (46 countries). Noninvasive ventilation was the intervention supported by the largest number of RCTs (n = 13). The concordance between agreement and use (a positive answer both to “do you agree” and “do you use”) showed differences between Western and other countries and between anesthesiologists and intensive care unit physicians. The authors identified 27 clinical interventions with randomized evidence of survival benefit and strong clinician support in support of their potential life-saving properties in perioperative and critically ill patients with noninvasive ventilation having the highest level of support. However, clinician views appear affected by specialty and geographical location