Dialektika Induksi dan Deduksi dalam Pemikiran Hukum Islam

Modern science requires that dialectic between induction and deduction should take place so that development of knowledge and its promotion may be acquired. In modern sciences in other words, such dialectic constitutes the very condition for the creation and invention of new theories, discoveries and fields of knowledge. This paper is trying to argue that as a science, fiqh in one way or another has appropriated a similar route of using these two methods of induction and deduction in its process to extrapolate religious laws and rules.We argue that in fiqh induction produces norms that may serve as the foundation for the deductive method. We contend that induction is a general rule extracted directly from the first source of Islamic law, namely revelation, whereas deduction is the legal principles (alqawa?id al-fiqhiyyah) that the ulama formulated on the basis of their understanding on the contents of revelation

Isolasi Dan Elusidasi Struktur Senyawa Flavonoida Dari Crotalaria Anagyroides

Four flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Crotalaria anagyroides. The glycosides are 1) apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-glucopyranosida, 2) apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!2)-β-glucopyranoside, 3)chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4) chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosil (1!2)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods of UV,  1H,  13C and 2D-NMR DEPT, COSY and HMBC experiments.Key-words: Crotalaria anagyroides, apiin, apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-glucopyranosida, Chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1!2)-β-D-glucopiranosida

Investigating the Use of the Speech Act of Invitation by Iraqi EFL Non-Departmental Students

تهتم هذه الدراسة بالتحقيق في استخدام الطلاب العراقيين الدارسين للغة الإنكليزية بوصفها لا لغة أجنبية في الأقسام غير الاختصاص لأساليب الدعوات على المستوى التداولي من حيث التمييز والإنتاج. أولاً: يتم تقديم عرض نظري حول الدعوة. ثم يتم اعتماد نموذج لإستراتيجيات الدعوة للتحليل. تم اختيار قسم طب الأسنان، كلية المستقبل الجامعة في العام الدراسي 2019-2020، لتمثيل البيانات التي تم تحليلها في هذا البحث. يتم إجراء اختبار على 20 طلابا من المرحلة الثالثة الذين لغتهم الأم هي العربية ويتم التحليل بعد ذلك. تعتمد الدراسة سؤال الاختيار من متعدد ومهمة إكمال الخطاب بوصفها أدوات لجمع البيانات. تظهر النتائج أن أداء المتعلمين في جزء التمييز قابل للتشكيك إذ إنهم غير قادرين على تمييز الدعوة عن المواقف الأخرى. من الجانب الإنتاجي، استخدم المتعلمون بعض الإستراتيجيات أكثر من غيرها بالإضافة إلى استخدام إستراتيجية غير موجودة في النموذج.This study is concerned with investigating Iraqi EFL non-departmental students' use of the speech act of invitation at the pragmatic level in terms of recognition and production. First, a theoretical survey is presented about invitation. Then, a model of invitation strategies is adopted for the analysis. The Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College during the academic year 2019-2020 was a representative of the data analyzed in this research. A test is carried out on 20 third stage undergraduate students whose native language is Arabic and the analysis is done afterwards. The study employs multiple choice question and a discourse completion task as instruments for collecting the data. The results show that the performance of the learners on the recognition part is questionable as they are unable to differentiate invitation from other attitudes. On the production part, the learners used some strategies more than others in addition to using a strategy which is not found in the model

Strategi Pemasaran UMKM Batik daam Menghadapi Pemasaran Global (Studi Kasus di Mizya Batik Tulis Ledokombo Jember)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana strategi pemasaran yang di lakukan oleh mizya batik tulis di desa slateng kecamatan ledokomo kabupaten jember, 2) Untuk mengetahui apa saja kendala permasalahan UMKM mizya batik tulis dalam melakukan pemasaran, 3) Bagaimana alternatif strategi pemasaran yang efektif dalam meningkatkan jumlah penjualan di UMKM mizya batik tulis di desa slateng kecamatan ledokombo kabupaten jember Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, jenis penelitiannya menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) strategi pemasaran UMKM mizya batik tulis di desa slateng kecamatan ledokombo kabupaten jember yang menngunakan bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) yang meliputi : Strategi produk, Strategi  harga, Strategi promosi, dan Strategi distribusi,. 2) kedala apa saja permasalahan UMKM mizya batik tulis dalam melakukan pemasaran yang meliputi tentang:  harga dan persaingan pasar. 3)  Bagaimana alternatif strategi pemasaran yang efektif dalam meningkatkan jumlah penjualan di umkm mizya batik tulis, yaitu dengan bekerja sama dengan berbagai pihak seperti tanoker dan jalan ini di lakukan untuk memperlancar pemasaran dan meningkatkan jumlah penjualan

A Re-consideration of Critical Discourse Analysis Focusing on the Socio-Cognitive Approach

تقع الدراسة الحالية في ميدان التحليل النقدي للخطاب. تحاول الدراسة أن تقدم نقدا لمنهج فان دايك الاجتماعي الذهني للتحليل النقدي للخطاب والذي يركز على عدة أسس منها الاستقطاب. وشخّصنا عدد من العيوب في التحليل النقدي للخطاب بشكل عام والمربع الايديولوجي المعتمد من فان دايك بشكل خاص. هذه العيوب هي نقاط الانتقاد التي سلطنا الضوء عليها في الدراسة الحالية. الخلط بين المساواة والعدالة, الدور, والاتجاه الأيديولوجي هي من أهم نقاط الانتقاد المشار إليها في أعلاه. واقتراح بعض التعديلات النظرية مدعومة بالتطبيق العملي محاولة لتقديم منظور جديد للمربع الأيديولوجي في التحليل النقدي للخطاب كما هو متبع عند فان دايك.The present study is in the field of Critical Discourse Analysis. It tries to offer a critique of the socio-cognitive approach of Van Dijk to CDA which is based on a number of bases among which polarization is one. A number of shortcomings have been recognized in CDA in general and the ideological square adopted by van Dijk in specific. These shortcomings make the points of criticism on which light needs to be shed by the present study. Confusing equality with justice, circularity and ideological orientation make the major points referred to above. Some theoretical modifications supported by a practical application have been offered as an attempt to offer a new perspective for the ideological square in CDA as adopted by van Dijk

AKAR MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM KITAB AL-RISALAH IMAM SYAFI’I

This research aims to analyze how the scholarly challenges in composing Ar-Risalah, to understand Ar-Risalah's criticism of extremism in diversity at that time, and to identify offers from Ar-Risalah that can be identified as moderation. This study uses qualitative research methods, with a philosophical approach. The primary data source is the book Ar-Risālah by Muhammad bin Idris ash-Shafi'i, also known as Imam Shafi'i, edited by Ahmad Muhammad Syakir. The findings of this research indicate that at the time of the legal discourse tension between the opposing factions, usul (fundamentals) had not yet emerged as a discipline because its epistemological framework was unclear. Al-Risalah begins with an exposition on the epistemological aspects of Islamic law. The legal methodological concept offered by ash-Shafi'i aims to control excessive rationality that demands change and excessive textualism that demands certainty toward a moderate position, as written in the book Ar-Risalah

ISOLASI DAN ELUSIDASI STRUKTUR SENYAWA FLAVONOIDA DARI CROTALARIA ANAGYROIDES

Four flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Crotalaria anagyroides. The glycosides are 1) apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-glucopyranosida, 2) apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!2)-β-glucopyranoside, 3)chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4) chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosil (1!2)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods of UV,  1H,  13C and 2D-NMR DEPT, COSY and HMBC experiments.Key-words: Crotalaria anagyroides, apiin, apigenin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1!6)-β-glucopyranosida, Chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1!2)-β-D-glucopiranosida

HAIR GROWTH ACTIVITY AND SAFETY TEST OF ETHOSOMAL GEL ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF NOTHOPANAX LEAVES (NOTHOPANAX SCUTELLARIUM MERR.)

Objective: The aims of this study were to know the hair growth activity from the ethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction compared to the nonethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction, as well as its ability to penetrate into the skin and its safety from ethosomal gel testing.Methods: The hair growth activity was measured by three parameters: Hair length, hair thickness, and hair weight.Results: The results obtained are shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has better hair growth activity rather than the ethosomal gel with concentration 0.5% and the nonethosomal gel but it has similarity to the positive control (minoxidil gel with concentration 2%). In vitro penetration test using Franz diffusion cells shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has cumulative penetration of quercetin higher than nonethosomal gel, which value was 3.3175±0.02 μgcm−2 for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1%; and 2.7663±0.19 μgcm-2 for the nonethosomal gel with flux values for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% and the nonethosomal gel, respectively, are 0.4147±0.01 μgcm−2h−1 and 0.3458±0.02 μgcm−2h−1.Conclusion: As for the safety test using hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET- CAM) safety test) have shown that both concentrations 0.5% and 1% of the ethosomal gel can generate mild irritation for topical application

EFFICACY OF HYPERTONIC SALINE NEBULIZATION IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS.

Background; A substantial proportion of children will experience at least one episode with bronchiolitis, and as much as 2-3% of all children was hospitalized with bronchiolitis during their first year of life. Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of children in many countries, challenging both economy, area and staffing in paediatric departments. Objective; To Compare outcome of hypertonic saline versus normal saline in children with acute bronchiolitis.   Material and Methods; All children fulfilling inclusion criteria were registered in this study from Emergency Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. In Group A, each child was nebulized with 4 ml of 3 % of hypertonic saline while group B was nebulized with 4 ml of 0.9% saline solution for 3 times at interval of 20 minutes. Results; Of these 302 study cases, 178 (58.9 %) were male patients while 124 (41.1 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 7.60 ± 6.19 months (ranging from 2 months to 24 months). Mean age of the male patients was noted to be 5.71 ± 3.22 months while that female patients was 10.32 ± 8.14 months (p=0.000). Mean baseline clinical severity score was 7.15 ± 1.63 while 228 (75.5%) had baseline severity score up to 8. Of these 302 study cases, need for hospitalization was noted in 122 (40.4%). Need for hospitalization in group A was 41 (27.2%) while in group B it was 81 (53.6%). (p = 0.000). Conclusion; Our study results support the use hypertonic saline solution nebulization in children with acute bronchiolitis as compared with normal saline nebulization. Hypertonic solution was found to be more effective in improving clinical severity score and reducing need of hospitalization significantly. All clinicians treating such patients should employ hypertonic solution to get desired clinical outcomes. Keywords; Hypertonic solution, acute bronchiolitis, normal saline. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-16 Publication date: April 30th 201