Supplementary material for the article: Ristivojević, P.; Morlock, G. E. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Combined with Pattern Recognition Techniques as Tool to Distinguish Thickening Agents. Food Hydrocolloids 2017, 64, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.005

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.005 ]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2371]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3217

Production of cyathane type secondary metabolites by submerged cultures of Hericium erinaceus and evaluation of their antibacterial activity by direct bioautography

Background Fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota are well-known to form a broad spectrum of biologically active secondary metabolites, especially low molecular weight compounds such as terpenoids. Hericium erinaceus produces various cyathane type diterpenoids including erinacines. However, no quantitative data and production kinetics have been reported on the biosynthesis of the erinacines C and P in submerged cultures. In the present study, the production of erinacine C was optimized, and the product formation kinetics as well as the antimicrobial activity were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and direct bioautography. Results Oatmeal and Edamin® K were identified to be crucial media components for an efficient production of erinacine C. The highest concentrations of erinacine C were obtained in the optimized culture medium on the 9th culture day (approximately 260 mg L-1). The production of erinacine P was strongly time dependent. The maximum concentration of erinacine P of 184 mg L-1 was observed on the third culture day. Afterwards, the concentrations of erinacine P decreased while the concentrations of erinacine C steadily increased. Comparable results were obtained by HPTLC with UV detection and HPLC with diode-array detection (DAD) analyses. Direct bioautography allowed for an additional analysis of the antimicrobial activity of the secondary metabolites. Conclusions The C and N sources oatmeal and Edamin® K induced the formation of erinacine C. Detailed product formation kinetics of the erinacines C and P have been reported for the first time. HPTLC combined with the Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay allowed for an instant detection of cyathane diterpenoids in crude extracts and for an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the secondary metabolites directly on the plate

Bioactive profiles of edible vegetable oils determined using 10D hyphenated comprehensive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC×HPTLC) with on-surface metabolism (nanoGIT) and planar bioassays

IntroductionVegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids are assumed to be safe and even healthy for consumers though lipid compositions of foods vary naturally and are complex considering the wealth of minor compounds down to the trace level.MethodsThe developed comprehensive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC×HPTLC) method including the on-surface metabolization (nanoGIT) and bioassay detection combined all steps on the same planar surface. The pancreatic lipolysis (intestinal phase) experiment and the subsequent analysis of the fatty acid composition including its effect-directed detection using a planar bioassay was performed without elaborate sample preparation or fractionation to ensure sample integrity. Thus, no sample part was lost, and the whole sample was studied on a single surface regarding all aspects. This made the methodology as well as technology miniaturized, lean, all-in-one, and very sustainable.Results and discussionTo prioritize important active compounds including their metabolism products in the complex oil samples, the nanoGIT method was used to examine the pancreatic lipolysis of nine different vegetable oils commonly used in the kitchen and food industry, e.g., canola oil, flaxseed oil, hemp oil, walnut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil. The digested oils revealed antibacterial and genotoxic effects, which were assigned to fatty acids and oxidized species via high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). This finding reinforces the importance of adding powerful techniques to current analytical tools. The 10D hyphenated nanoGIT-HPTLC×HPTLC-Vis/FLD-bioassay-heart cut-RP-HPLC-DAD-HESI-HRMS/MS has the potential to detect any potential hazard due to digestion/metabolism, improving food safety and understanding on the impact of complex samples

Supplementary data for the article: Ristivojević, P. M.; Morlock, G. E. Effect-Directed Classification of Biological, Biochemical and Chemical Profiles of 50 German Beers. Food Chemistry 2018, 260, 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.127

Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/331]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2914]Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.127

Supplementary material for the article: Ristivojević, P.; Morlock, G. E. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Combined with Pattern Recognition Techniques as Tool to Distinguish Thickening Agents. Food Hydrocolloids 2017, 64, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.005

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.005 ]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2371]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3217

Effect-directed classification of biological, biochemical and chemical profiles of 50 German beers

Biological and biochemical fingerprints were investigated for the first time for the feasibility of effect-directed classification, and thus, to allow the choice of a distinct beer with regard to beneficial health effects. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography method was newly developed and combined with in situ effect-directed analysis for profiling 50 German beers for multipotent active compounds, and thus, their health-related potential. Discovered multipotent active zones were online eluted and characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. For example, isoxanthohumol, iso-α-ad/n-humulone or its isomers, desdimethyl-octahydro-isocohumulone and ad/n-humulone were proven as antimicrobial compounds, isoxanthohumol as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and isoxanthohumol and iso-α-ad/n-humulone or its isomers as radical scavengers. Investigating multivariate data analysis of effect-directed fingerprints for the first time, the pattern recognition and classification results showed the power of clustering non-alcoholic beers from other types of beer, or it showed the differentiation of dark and non-alcoholic beers. © 2018 Elsevier LtdThis is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Ristivojević, P. M.; Morlock, G. E. Effect-Directed Classification of Biological, Biochemical and Chemical Profiles of 50 German Beers. Food Chemistry 2018, 260, 344–353. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.127]Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2915

Evidence that Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins self-medicate with invertebrates in coral reefs

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) have been observed queueing up in natural environments to rub particular body parts against selected corals (Rumphella aggregata, Sarcophyton sp.) and sponges (Ircinia sp.) in the Egyptian Northern Red Sea. It was hypothesized that the presence of bioactive metabolites accounts for this selective rubbing behavior. The three invertebrates preferentially accessed by the dolphins, collected and analyzed by hyphenated high-performance thin-layer chromatography contained seventeen active metabolites, providing evidence of potential self-medication. Repeated rubbing allows these active metabolites to come into contact with the skin of the dolphins, which in turn could help them achieve skin homeostasis and be useful for prophylaxis or auxiliary treatment against microbial infections. This interdisciplinary research in behavior, separation science, and effect-directed analysis highlighted the importance of particular invertebrates in coral reefs, the urgent need to protect coral reefs for dolphins and other species, and calls for further vertebrate-invertebrate interaction studies

Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being

Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g., in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review