Deep neural network for traffic sign recognition systems: An analysis of spatial transformers and stochastic optimisation methods

This paper presents a Deep Learning approach for traffic sign recognition systems. Several classification experiments are conducted over publicly available traffic sign datasets from Germany and Belgium using a Deep Neural Network which comprises Convolutional layers and Spatial Transformer Networks. Such trials are built to measure the impact of diverse factors with the end goal of designing a Convolutional Neural Network that can improve the state-of-the-art of traffic sign classification task. First, different adaptive and non-adaptive stochastic gradient descent optimisation algorithms such as SGD, SGD-Nesterov, RMSprop and Adam are evaluated. Subsequently, multiple combinations of Spatial Transformer Networks placed at distinct positions within the main neural network are analysed. The recognition rate of the proposed Convolutional Neural Network reports an accuracy of 99.71% in the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods and also being more efficient in terms of memory requirements.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-82113-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46801-C4-1-

Sketching a "Synthesis of Arts". Le Corbusier models New York

Las maquetas de arcilla de René Chambellan y las perspectivas al carboncillo realizadas por Hugh Ferriss serían las encargadas de conformar, verificar y difundir las propuestas para la Sede de las Naciones Unidas del equipo internacional de arquitectos liderado por Wallace K. Harrison. Una forma de preservar en el nuevo proyecto, desde sus primeras representaciones, un estilo y una idea de ciudad, Manhattan. Le Corbusier moldeará él mismo la maqueta de su propuesta 23–A: la ciudad bocetada es otra, antagonista, a la que le acoge. Un año después, realizará junto a Costantino Nivola otro trabajo manual de modelado, los sand–casts, que trasmite, a otra escala, la expresividad directa del material bajo la huella del hombre, vía idónea para los intereses del Le Corbusier post–bélico. Las raíces del modelado y la escultura se alargan en la trayectoria de Le Corbusier hasta su formación bajo el magisterio del escultor Charles L’Eplattenier. Tanto en la maqueta 23–A como en los sand–casts, estas nuevas plásticas se distancian de las delineadas por la luz del purismo y la funcionalidad estilizada. Para Le Corbusier, la arena de la playa o el damero de Manhattan son el soporte para construir una Síntesis de las Artes.Scale–models in clay by René Chambellan and charcoal perspectives by Hugh Ferriss would lead the task of shaping, verifying and broadcasting the United Nations Headquarters proposals from a team of international architects led by Wallace K. Harrison. From their very earliest representations, this choice would preserve a style and idea of the city in the new project, that of Manhattan. Le Corbusier himself would shape his scale–model from his proposal 23–A: the city he was moulding was different, antagonistic, to that which he was fostering. One year later, together with Costantino Nivola, he would make a new modelling craftwork, called sand–casts, which would convey, in another scale, the direct expressiveness of the material under the handprint, the ideal route for Le Corbusier’s post–war interests. The roots of “modelling” and sculpture would extend in Le Corbusier’s career, from his early years under the master sculptor, Charles L’Eplattenier. The 23–A scale–model and the sand–casts, the new “plastiques”, would drift away from those represented by the light of Purism and Functionalism. To Le Corbusier, the sand of the beach or the grid of Manhattan urbanism, were foundations on which to build a “Synthesis of Arts”

The intentional relationship of representation between the constructs of a language and reality

Specifications of conceptualisations (ontologies) are often employed for represent- ing reality, both in knowledge representation and software engineering. While lan- guages o®er sophisticated constructs and rigorous semantics for building concep- tual entities, no attention is paid to the relationship between such entities and the world they intend to represent. This paper studies such a relationship and provides empirical evidences in favour of two main hypotheses: (1) conceptualisations are insuficient to fully represent the specifics of reality; (2) languages (both represen- tation and design-oriented) are general representations of (classes of) systems in the world, and they can be characterised as scientific theories. The first hypoth- esis establishes a problem for which we propose a solution based on the explicit elaboration of statements claiming the similarity (in some respects and to certain degrees of accuracy) between conceptual entities and real-world systems of interest. The second hypothesis constitutes a new perspective for understanding languages, whose advantages to representation and design are discussed in detail.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia HUM2007-66607-C04-0

Some Problems of Current Modelling Languages that Obstruct to Obtain Models as Instruments

In this paper we reflect on the usefulness of current modelling languages. We defend that objects elaborated with such languages are instruments that pursue one or several typi ed purposes, which include: (1) to represent knowledge about some subject, whether real or imaginary; (2) to help in understanding and in answering questions about the properties of some subject; and (3) to stimulate the engineer's creativity in solving some problem. We reason that achieving this instrumental role in modelling languages is a necessary condition for a Model-Driven Software Engineering. However, studying several languages of common use in practice, we claim that there are at least four problem categories that obstruct that useful models as instruments can be elaborated with current modelling languages

Synthesis of positive logic programs for checking a class of definitions with infinite quantification

We describe a method based on unfold/fold transformations that synthesizes positive logicprograms P(r)with the purpose of checking mechanically definitions of the form D(r) =∀X(r(X) ⇔QYR(X, Y))where ris the relation defined by the formula QYR(X, Y), Xis a set of variables to be instantiated at runtime by ground terms, QYis a set of quantifiedvariables on infinite domains (Qis the quantifier) and R(X, Y)a quantifier-free formulain the language of a first-order logic theory. This work constitutes a first step towards theconstruction of a new type of assertion checkers with the ability of handling restrictedforms of infinite quantification

Caracterización de una planta de cogeneración para abastecimiento energético de una población de 10.000 habitantes utilizando residuos forestales

El presente Trabajo Fin de Master (TFM), se basa en el estudio y en el análisis preliminar del diseño de una planta de cogeneración basada en un combustible renovable como es la biomasa. Todo ello está diseñado para abastecer la demanda energética de una población de 10000 habitantes, concretamente para la villa de CuéllarDepartamento de Ingeniería Energética y FluidomecánicaMáster en Ingeniería Industria

Executing Assertions via Synthesized Logic Programs

Programming with assertions constitutes an effective tool to detect and correct programming errors. The ability of executing for- mal specifications is essential in order to test automatically an imple mentation against its assertions. However, formal assertions may de scribe recursive models which are di±cult to identify so current assertion checkers limit, in a considerable way, the expressivity of the assertion language. In this paper, we are interested in showing how transforma- tional synthesis can help to execute \expressive" assertions r of the form 8¹x(r(¹x) , Q¹yR(¹x; ¹y)) where Q is either an existential or universal quan- tifier and R a quantifier free formula in the language of a formal theory C we call assertion context. This sort of theories is interesting because it presents a balance between expressiveness for writing assertions and existence of effective methods for compiling and executing them

Towards a Theory on the Role of Ontologies in Software Engineering Problem Solving: Conclusions from a Theoretical Model of Methodological Works

We present and validate a theoretical model of methodological works in Software Engineering that, without claiming for completeness, allows us to investigate the role of ontologies in the problem solving process related with the development of software. Our main conclusion is the potential of ontologies as resources for an individual to think during problem solving. We argument that suitable ontologies can support solving strategies as well as motivate their invention. We also conclude the importance of accompany an ontology with knowledge that guides the engineer in reasoning with its concepts. The model regards a methodological work as an heterogeneous theory about a class of problems and about a number of conceptual elements. Some of the elements are ontologies, which play the role of identifying and relating aspects of the knowledge about the class of problems, making up novel perspectives on the problems that may promote solving strategies. For illustration purposes, we take Jackson’s “Problem Frames” as a case study. We analyse this work through the former model, identifying the ontologies, guides, and promoted strategies. Then we propose an alternative ontology, based on that used in the KAOS approach; we reformulate some parts of Jackson’s work through this ontology and propose a strategy as well as some guides.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC 2003-02737-C02-0

Folding by Similarity

A formal specification can describe software models which are di±cult to program. Transformational methods based on fold/unfold strategies have been proposed to palliate this problem. The objective of applying transfor- mations is to filter out a new version of the specification where recursion may be introduced by a folding step. Among many problems, the "eureka" about when and how to define a new predicate is di±cult to find automatically. We propose a new version of the folding rule which decides automatically how to introduce new predicates in a specification. Our method is based on finding similarities between formulas represented as parsing trees and it constitutes an assistance to the complex problem of deriving recursive specifications from non recursive ones

A new model and metaheuristic approach for the energy-based resource-constrained scheduling problem

[EN] This article focuses on obtaining sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for limited resource programming problems. To this end, a model for integrating makespan and energy consumption objectives in multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems (MRCPSP-ENERGY) is proposed. In addition, a metaheuristic approach for the efficient resolution of these problems is developed. In order to assess the appropriateness of theses proposals, the well-known Project Scheduling Problem Library is extended (called PSPLIB-ENERGY) to include energy consumption to each Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem instance through a realistic mathematical model. This extension provides an alternative to the current trend of numerous research works about optimization and the manufacturing field, which require the inclusion of components to reduce the environmental impact on the decision-making process. PSPLIB-ENERGY is available at http://gps.webs.upv.es/psplib-energy/.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the Spanish Government under the research projects TIN2013-46511-C2-1 and TIN2016-80856-R.Morillo-Torres, D.; Barber, F.; Salido, MA. (2017). A new model and metaheuristic approach for the energy-based resource-constrained scheduling problem. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 1(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405417711734S1131