Ngozi Onwurah y Pratibha Parmar: de África a Europa

Nigerian director, Ngozi Onwurah, and Kenyan director, Pratibah Parmar use the big screen to deconstruct the myth of African women in Western culture. Both of them work and live in the diaspora, in Great Britain, and it is there that they denounce, in their documentaries, short and feature-length films, the arduous process people go through to achieve a peaceful coexistence despite differences of sexuality as well as race. Onwurah and Parmar use their cameras to expose the abuse they both suffered, and still do, on account of the colour of their skin and, in the case of Parmar, her homosexuality. Both directors agree on the challenge that obtaining funding represents, since their work is considered to be aimed at a minority audience. However, their goal is to reach not just those minorities but the public at large.<br><br>La directora nigeriana Ngozi Onwurah y la keniata Pratibha Parmar utilizan la gran pantalla para deconstruir el mito creado por occidente en torno a las mujeres africanas. Lo hacen desde la diáspora, ya que ambas viven y producen su trabajo en Inglaterra, plasmando en sus documentales, cortos y largometrajes el difícil y largo proceso de convivialidad no ya interracial sino también sexual en el Reino Unido. Onwurah y Parmar hacen uso de sus cámaras para denunciar el acoso sufrido por ambas tanto por su color de piel como por, en el caso de Parmar, su homosexualidad. Ambas coinciden en señalar el reto que les presenta obtener subvenciones, ya que debido a la temática de sus trabajos la audiencia se supone minoritaria. Su propósito no es solo llegar a las minorías, sino que su mensaje sea visto y escuchado por el público en general

From Cosmopolitanism to Planetary Conviviality: Suneeta Peres da Costa and Michelle de Kretser

Veronica Brady, vigorous supporter of Aboriginal causes and deeply concerned with social-injustice issues, underlined that Anglo-Australians were to be excommunicated from the land until they would come to terms with it and its first peoples (in Jones 1997). Nearly twenty years after this statement was postulated, it is my purpose in this paper to look at the land from an Anglo-Australian and non-Indigenous Australian perspective in order to assess if Australian contemporary society has moved beyond what Brady considered a “super ego status” and reconciled to the presence not only of its Indigenous, but also its non-Indigenous others. To do so I will exemplify novels which are part of and influenced by the matrix of relations and social forces in which non-indigenous Australian writers are situated on, including Suneeta Peres da Costa’s Homework (1999) and Michelle de Kretser’s Questions of Travel (2013). 

Otros modos de ser/amar: Rosario Castellanos=Other Ways of being/loving: Rosario Castellanos

ResumenLa escritora mejicana Rosario Castellanos (1925-1974) ansiaba otro modo de ser mujer y libre en la sociedad en la que le tocó vivir, convirtiéndose este deseo en el leitmotiv de su obra. En cuanto al amor, se dice que Castellanos estaba convencida de que no podría vivir sin que su marido la amara tanto como ella a él, tal y como ella misma parece indicar en Cartas a Ricardo (1994). La autora concluye uno de sus poemas más conocidos, “Meditación en el umbral”, con versos que incitan a la búsqueda de otros modos de ser, siendo mi propósito el de redireccionar ese registro a otros modos de amar. Para ello recurriré a la teoría postestructural de Luce Irigaray, quien hace que nos cuestionemos, al igual que hiciera Castellanos, nuestra identidad, pero que, a diferencia de la escritora mejicana, huye de buscar una respuesta definitoria y, en lo referente al amor, profundiza en la búsqueda de una cultura que modifique la condición de las relaciones amorosas. Y es que otros modos de ser y de amar son posibles. AbstractMexican writer Rosario Castellanos knew that other ways of being a woman and a free subject were possible, and it was this very desire that became the leitmotiv of her work. Regarding love, it has been said that Castellanos was convinced that it was impossible for her to live without the love of her husband, as she seems to underline in Cartas a Ricardo (1994). She concludes one of her well-known poems, “Meditación en el umbral”, with lines that encourage us to claim new ways of being. It is my purpose to redirect this aim towards new ways of loving within a romantic relationship. To do so I will use Luce Irigaray’s poststructuralist theoretical framework on love. This critic makes us question, as Castellanos did, our identity, but differs from the Mexican writer in trying to find an answer and, regarding love, deeply encourages us to deconstruct a culture which should modify romantic relationship stereotypes, since other ways of being and loving are possible

Creédme, no me creáis: Jhumpa Lahiri y la familia real de Oudh

In Interpreter of Maladies (1999) Jhumpa Lahiri gives voice to Boori Ma, a durwan (door- keeper) who chronicles about the easier times she enjoyed before deportation to Kolkata (previously known as Calcutta, India) after Partition of 1947. Lahiri plays with the word real implying that Boori Ma’s stories could be deciphered as real or not. Boori Ma’s fictitious life resembles the one of the Royal Family of Oudh, which Lahiri seems to be inspired by. Foreign correspondents (Kaufman, 1981; Miles, 1985; Barry, 2019) did not question the veracity of this family’s life story. In the present article, the two stories are compared: a liter- ary and a real one. It is our intention to prove that traumatic experiences, such as Partition, cause subjects to imagine an alternative life; strategy which is unconsciously activated to heal trauma (LaCapra, 1999; Mookerjea-Leonard, 2017). The latter is what western journalists and readers failed to acknowledge.En Intérprete del dolor (1999) Jhumpa Lahiri da voz a Boori Ma, una portera que cuenta a quien quiera escucharle sobre las comodidades de su vida antes de ser deportada a Calcuta tras la Partición de 1947. Lahiri juega con la palabra real, lo que hace que el público lector se cuestione la veracidad de las historias de Boori Ma. Este personaje tiene un paralelismo con el de la familia real de Oudh en la que parece haberse inspirado Lahiri. La prensa inter- nacional (Kaufman, 1981; Miles, 1985; Barry, 2019) contribuyó a que el público occidental no cuestionara la historia de esta familia. En este artículo se comparan ambas historias, una literaria y otra real. Se pretende demostrar cómo experiencias traumáticas, como es el caso de la Partición, hacen que los sujetos, inconscientemente, proyectemos vidas alternativas para así sobrellevar el trauma (LaCapra, 1999; Mookerjea-Leonard, 2017), y cómo, tanto la prensa occidental como el público lector no reparó en este hecho a la hora de analizar ambas historias

Relationship between the client's adaptive verbalizations and the therapist's verbal behaviour in the clinic context

AbstractToday's clinical psychology advocates for empirically validated treatments. This supports the need for outcome-driven research, but may overlook the importance of process-driven research, which can respond to the question of why psychological treatments work. Functional analysis of behaviour has received a new boost with the emergence of the third wave of psychological therapies, which stress the importance of verbal behaviour in therapy as a way to access and modify client problems. The case presented in this work was analysed in order to make an approach to the strengthening processes that take place in therapy through verbal interaction. First, we developed and applied a categorization system of client's adaptive verbalizations. We found that this type of verbalizations increase significantly after the first few sessions, remain high in the middle sessions, and gradually decrease towards the end of the therapy. We subsequently developed and used a system of categorization of therapist's verbal behaviour. We found that agreeable verbalizations were concentrated in the middle sessions, being replaced by other verbalizations in the final sessions

Análisis de la demanda potencial de agroturismo para el diseño de un corredor turistico de café, en el cantón Bucay, provincia del Guayas.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si existe la demanda potencial para el diseño de un Corredor Turístico de Café en el cantón General Elizalde de la provincia del Guayas, con el cual se pretende mejorar la calidad de vida de los todos aquellos involucrados en el proceso de la cadena de valor agroturística, por medio de un complemento de sus ingresos una que combinara la convivencia agropecuaria con los atractivos turísticos de la zona. Se pudo realizar el presente proyecto a través de la observación directa y con información primaria levantada. Se pudo concluir que existe un segmento de mercado interesado en experimentar productos turísticos que los acerquen más al campo y a la cultura agropecuaria y aunque las intenciones por parte de la oferta son claras, se debe gestionar un plan articulado entre los principales actores públicos y privados para asegurar la sostenibilidad del proyecto agroturístico. Se pudo evidenciar mediante un catastro de atractivos turístico que Bucay cuenta con el potencial agroturístico sin embargo falta gestión en cuanto a la oferta organizada de este tipo de servicios. El proyecto se desarrolló mediante dos tipos de metodologías; la cuantitativa, donde se diseñó un cuestionario cuyo levantamiento de la información se lo realizó a todos los potenciales turistas del cantón Bucay y por otra parte la investigación cualitativa donde se diseñó guías de preguntas y se realizó entrevistas de profundidad a las personas que tienen influencia y poder de gestión en la implementación de este tipo de proyectos. Entre los resultados esperados se evidenció que el cantón requiere de proyectos para implementar nuevos productos turísticos que conjuguen con la visión del cambio de la matriz productiva para sectores estratégicos que integre valores de sostenibilidad, cuidado del medio ambiente, rescate de las tradiciones culturales y mirada al campo con clara conciencia de soberanía alimentaria.This research's main objective is analyze the potential demand for the design of a Touristic Coffee Route in the General Elizalde area, in the Guayas Province, which sole purpose is to improve the quality of life of the people involved in the agriculture and touristic process surrounding the area, complementing their incomes combining the agriculture experience with the appealing of the region. The following project was done through direct observation and with prior primary information from other parties. It was resolved that there is a niche interested in trying touristic products that brings them near the agro life and its culture, though the intentions in the supply are clear, first a proper plan must come to light from the main public and private participant sectors, to ensure the sustainability of such project. It was evident through a census about touristic sites that Bucay, is considered a great touristic location nevertheless there isn't enough organized information to get it to be the place to visit with the agro touristic services to have. This project was done through the quantitative method in which questions and surveys were used to get information about possible tourists of the Bucay region and the qualitative research helped design guidelines to questions and deep interviews to the people that have influence and negotiation power to make these sort of projects happen. Among the expected results it was evidenced that the area requires projects to get touristic products on the run, products that can help the agro as well as other business in the area, that can add up to values of sustainability, environment care, rescue of traditions and an eye to help food conscience. The vision of building this tourist attraction is to improve the life quality of the population that is part of the agro-touristic chain of value by complementary their incomes from agriculture with an additional income from commercial activities related to tourism. The research findings of this project were obtained from direct observation (in situ) and primary information gathered. According to findings we can conclude that there exists a market segment that is keen in experiencing tourism in an agricultural environment. There is a clean vision from the offer. However, in order to get the results and ensure sustainability in the project it is necessary that both, public and private sector, develop articulates plans for the community according with the changes of productions that government promotes the changes of the productive matrix for strategic sectors as part of “The good Living Plan” and also integrates environmental preservation, the rescue of cultural traditions and see in agriculture a clear awareness of food sovereignty

Evaluación de la incorporación de un foro virtual por redes sociales entre estudiantes de odontología chilenos

Introducción: Las redes sociales son cada vez más usadas en la enseñanza debido a su facilidad de uso, familiarización, accequibilidad, siendo posible el intercambio de información de manera instantánea y fácil desde teléfonos inteligentes. Por ello se diseñó y creó un foro virtual mediante un grupo cerrado de Facebook que funcionó de manera paralela a la asignatura. Objetivo: Evaluar la opinión de los estudiantes en relación al desarrollo de las habilidades actitudinales, cognitivas, autorreguladoras y metacognitivas mediante el foro virtual implementado, además de su percepción con respecto a la plataforma de Facebook. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo de tipo mixto. Cuantitativo con la aplicación de una encuesta de opinión tipo Likert creada por Andrei Fedorov (2008) y cualitativo mediante cuatro grupos focales. Participaron 68 estudiantes (28 hombres y 40 mujeres), que cursaron la asignatura Diagnóstico Integrado el año 2017, correspondiendo al 100% de ellos. Resultados: Para el 70% de las preguntas la opción más seleccionada fue -bastante-; a excepción de cuatro de la dimensión actitudinal donde la más frecuente fue -un poco-. Destacaron la plataforma de Facebook como una excelente idea para incentivar el aprendizaje, ofreciendo más ventajas que otras plataformas. Las desventajas mencionadas surgieron de los estudiantes con menor participación y regular/bajo rendimiento. Conclusión: El foro virtual, por medio de Facebook, permitió mejorar las dimensiones actitudinal, cognitiva, autorreguladora y metacognitiva, principalmente en mujeres y en aquellos que participaron más, obteniendo mejor rendimiento. Resultó ser una mejor plataforma virtual dada que es amigable, masiva e instantánea incentivando la motivación del estudiante. Introduction: Social networks are increasingly used in education due to its ease of use, familiarization, accessibility, making it possible to exchange information instantly and easily from smartphones. For this reason, a virtual forum was designed and created through a closed group of Facebook that worked in parallel with the subject. Objective: To evaluate the opinion of students in relation to the development of attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulatory and metacognitive skills through the virtual forum implemented, as well as their perception regarding the Facebook platform. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study of mixed type. Quantitative with the application of a Likert opinion survey created by Andrei Fedorov (2008) and qualitative through four focus groups. 68 students participated (28 men and 40 women), who took the Integrated Diagnostic course in 2017, corresponding to 100% of them. Results: For 70% of the questions, the most selected option was -quite-; except for four of the attitudinal dimension where the most frequent was -a little-. They highlighted the Facebook platform as an excellent idea to encourage learning, offering more advantages than other platforms. The mentioned disadvantages arose from students with less participation and regular / low performance. Conclusion: The virtual forum, through Facebook, allowed to improve the attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulating and metacognitive dimensions, mainly in women and in those who participated more, obtaining better performance. It turned out to be a better virtual platform given that it is friendly, massive and instantaneous which encourages student motivation.&nbsp