Development of Smart Grid Standards in View of Energy System Functionalities

A range of technologies must be developed and deployed for achieving a decarbonised energy system. A smart grid aims to integrate these different technologies into a single, over-arching system that is at the same time both complex and interoperable, which cannot be achieved without standardisation. Moreover, standardisation is a method of transferring research into successful processes and products. Without this, existing conventional energy systems will not change much longer, as it is more difficult to achieve significant market penetration of new technologies and deployment of new functions and applications. It seems that standardisation issues are not sufficiently addressed in scientific publications and are treated as a very specific topic by community of researchers despite the fact that standards may serve as a knowledge base for further research and improvement of emerging technologies and approaches. This paper presents a bird's-eye smart grid standardisation review based on a unique functionality - technology approach developed within Horizon 2020 project PANTERA.acceptedVersio

Current Efforts Concerning ICT Security of the Power Grid

GRID is a Coordination Action funded under the Trust and Security objective of the IST Programme of the 6th Framework to achieve consensus at the European level on the key issues involved by power systems vulnerabilities, in view of the challenges driven by the transformation of the European power infrastructure and ICT integration. GRID wants to assess the needs of the EU power sector on these issues, so as to establish a Roadmap for collaborative research in this area. The present report provides a survey on current efforts somewhat related to the objectives of GRID. Similar to GRID, a number of European and US endeavours have attempted in recent years to draw a Road Map so as to coordinate efforts concerning energy transport/distribution research and CIP.JRC.G.6-Sensors, radar technologies and cybersecurit

Requirements for future control room and visualization features in the web-of-cells framework defined in the Electra project

This paper outlines an overview of the general requirements for the control rooms of the future power systems (2030+). The roles and activities in the future control centres will evolve with respect to the switching, dispatching and restoration functions currently active. The control centre operators will supervise on the power system and intervene - when necessary - thanks to the maturation and wide scale deployment of flexible controls. For the identification of control room requirements, general trends in power system evolution are considered and mainly the outcomes of the ELECTRA IRP project, that proposes a new Web-of-Cell (WoC) power system control architecture. Dedicated visualization features are proposed, aimed to support the control room operators activities in a WoC oriented approach. Furthermore, the work takes into account the point of view of network operators about future control rooms and feedback about the proposed visualization features, collected by means of interviews and questionnaires.publishedVersio

Aggregation model for curtailable generation and sheddable loads

This paper shows modelling developed during the first year of the SmartNet project. In particular, it presents a mathematical model for aggregation of curtailable generation and sheddable loads. The model determines the quantity and the cost of the flexibility provided by the flexible resources based on their physical and dynamic behaviours. The model also proposes a bidding strategy in order to translate the aggregated behaviour into market bids

Market architecture for TSO-DSO interaction in the context of European regulation

Following the overall European political goals, massive efforts were recently made to promote an accelerated integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe, creating several operational challenges. One of the key approaches to resolve these is to help harness RESs in an efficient and cost-effective way is to utilise flexibility which can be provided by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) which include active demand participation, energy storage and electric vehicles. The present paper is based on results and learnings of H2020 project SmartNet (2016-2019), where five coordination schemes for TSO-DSO interaction, necessary for procurement and activation of ancillary services were developed and comparatively evaluated. The paper discusses how different coordination schemes all have specific benefits and attention points related to operation of the TSO and DSO grids, other market participants involved and the market operation in general

Electrification of airports and air transport: Airports becoming integrated energy systems

Reduction of transport emissions, including critical infrastructures like airports, is a consistent part of the European political goals. Introduction of local renewable energy sources into a complicated energy system as a modern airport requires dedicated optimisation tools and methods. The present paper presents results of comparing two modelling tools OSeMOSYS and Integrate applied for configuration of two case airports: Torino (Italy) and Stavanger (Norway) respectively. The results outline optimal paths for sustainable decarbonisation creating integrated energy systems, which rely on utilisations of locally available resources as PV, Wind and biomethane or deployment of a local hydrogen network, the latter a fundamental enabler for a long-term strategy based on hydrogen. The study highlights the importance of dedicated modelling tools for planning and operation phases for integrated energy systems.Electrification of airports and air transport: Airports becoming integrated energy systemsacceptedVersio

Smart Grid Standardisation: Contributions and Opportunities of EU Horizon 2020 Projects

Standards are critically important for smartening the grid because they affect the interoper-ability, compatibility, efficiency, and realisation of new technologies and services. In this paper we assess the contribution of EU funded Horizon 2020 projects to adapting or initiating new Smart Grid standards. We provide a comprehensive overview of the Smart Grid standardisation ecosystem and identify opportunities for researchers and innovators to participate in stan-dardisation activities. We identify 225 Horizon 2020 Smart Grid projects and explore which have contributed to the creation or revision of Smart Grid standards. We identify the type of standardisation activities undertaken and explore the factors that influence engagement. We have found that 21 % of EU Horizon 2020 Smart Grid projects engage in some level of standardisation activities. Of these projects the majority (60 %) are involved in understanding standards, 31 % actively engage in influencing standards, while 8 % successfully participate in elaborating new standards. Our study demonstrates that despite the complexity of the Smart Grid Standardisation ecosystem, EU funded researchers and innovators play an important role in the standardisation process.Smart Grid Standardisation: Contributions and Opportunities of EU Horizon 2020 ProjectspublishedVersio

Development of Energy Communities in Europe

This paper presents a review study of energy communities (ECs) in Europe, and discusses the future development of such communities in Europe – both related to energy technologies, energy carriers, regional conditions (North, Central and South of Europe), emerging regulatory development etc. From the analysis, it emerged that the future ECs in Europe will focus on utilizing local renewable energy sources (sun, wind, run of river, biogas, biomass), for covering all or part of the energy consumption for end-use customers. The ECs can be a sustainable alternative to large power plants based on fossil fuels. This is also linked to the emerging regulatory developments started when European Commission introduced such concepts in the “Clean Energy for all Europeans” package. The main goal of eNeuron H2020 project is to develop innovative tools for the optimal design and operation of ECs, integrating distributed energy resources and multiple energy carriers at different scales.Development of Energy Communities in EuropeacceptedVersio

Identification of observables for future grids – the framework developed in the ELECTRA project

The main subject of this paper is the classification and identification of observables for present and future grids. In order to make an inventory of present and potentially new observables, a systematic classification and identification of observables for future grids is conducted. After first introducing some fundamental definitions for observables, observables are further classified by the characteristic time scale where they are used in the physical power system. For actual use in control loops, observables must be part of so-called 'Control Triples' consisting of control aim, observable, and system input signal. A survey of existing and potential Control Triples was conducted among partners in the European ELECTRA project, resulting in a spreadsheet inventory. The main findings are presented and a few major observability needs for realising the so-called 'vertical integration' of control schemes reinforced by 'horizontal integration' of distributed control schemes in the future grid. © 2015 IEEE

Future control architecture and emerging observability needs

The paper presents the first findings from workpackage 'Increased Observability' in EU FP7 project ELECTRA. Accommodation of intermittent generation into the network and its reliable operation require a gradual evolution of the network structure and in particular improvement of its monitoring or observing. The present practices of observing distribution networks are quite limited and vary from country to country. New network architectures are expected to evolve in the close future, including web-of-cells (concept defined in ELECTRA), which will result in new control schemes, significantly different from the existing. Several new observability needs have to be met in order to secure operation of the future networks. © 2015 IEEE