Status of Rural Women: Patriarchy and Inevitability of Subjugation; A Study of Rural Area in Multan, Pakistan

Women are oppressed in every walk of life but oppression may differ from place to place. Urban Rural divide has shown the different social structures for women. The present research was conducted with these objectives: to identify the status of women in rural settings, to analysis perception of society about social status of women, to explore the impact of Patriarchy on women in context of rural settings of Multan, Pakistan. Mix research methods were used to carry this research. Interviews were conducted from 100 married women, living in rural areas of Multan. A Focus Group Discussion was also conducted to address the research questions. The findings of the study suggest that women’s health, education and economic status is poor, whereas women’s status stems from patriarchy, the power and controlling structure where men dominates over women. This is patriarchy which maintains the women’s submissive role and it generates a structure which subjugates women of rural area. The study suggests that by expanding the canvas of formal economy, it may channelize the women’s low paid or unpaid work. This can help enhance women’s economic and social status in rural areas. Key Words: Patriarchy, Status of Women, Rural Women, Gender Inequalit

Flame Atomic Emission and Colorimetric Methods for the Determination of Cephalexin Monohydrate in Pharmaceutical Preparations

We propose two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods which are described for the determination of cephalexin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in the first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution at 610 nm formed after the reaction of cephalexin with potassium permanganate as an oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods are investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot shows a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-40?g ml-1. The detection limits are 2.573,2.814 ?g ml-1 for the flame emission photometric method and 1.844,2.016 ?g ml-1 for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively.The methods are successfully applied to the determination of cephalexin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results are in good agreement with the label claim. No interference is observed from the commonly encountered additives and excipients

INTELLIGENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR FIRE DETECTION USING YOLOV8

This study describes a lightweight deep learning model trained on a self-made image dataset taken inside farms and open areas of the Holy Shrine of Al-Hussainiya in the City of Karbala, Iraq. This dataset includes fire and smoke images taken using a Samsung A52S camera in different weather conditions. The overall goal is to create a fire detection system model that can successfully replace the existing physical sensor-based fire detectors and lessen the issues that come with such fire detectors, including false and delayed triggering. Another goal is to control fires on farms or open areas and prevent crop damage as much as possible. Previous studies were reviewed. Moreover, the architecture of the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) model was briefly explained, and the results it achieved were compared with those achieved by previous versions. Then, the proposed system was trained and evaluated with the YOLOv8 large model. Results showed that the proposed system outperformed the rest of the current systems in mAP, which reached 98.5%

Perception of Faculty Members of Regional Medical School Toward Faculty Development Program

Introduction: Any types or process of activities that are performed by a group or an individual to enhance, promote, and improve the performance, competencies or skills of a health professional at an institute level are defined as faculty development which has many other names like staff development, academic development, and educational development. The importance of faculty development stressed by Harden is equivalent to curriculum development, which is a very difficult assignment. Objectives: To determine the pattern of faculty members’ perception toward their weekly faculty development program. Methodology: Enrolling the faculty members of the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( COM/UB,KSA). COM/UB adopting the innovative curriculum (problem-based learning, team-based learning, interactive lectures, and case-based learning and seminars. Each Tuesday, faculty members gather in the faculty development academic program (FDAP) room to discuss issues related to medical education and quality. Usually, there is a presentation on the selected topic over 25 min, followed by a discussion and workshop, and finally, a recommendation is drawn. The inclusion criterion is those staying in the college for a period of more than one year. New joiners and those staying for a period of less than one year were excluded. Faculty members were enrolled optionally and requested to fill a validated questionnaire. Results: The response rate was 92% of total staff. More than 89%, 87%, 86% and 74% thought that the FDAP is useful to them, helps them in addressing academic issues in the faculty, is an enriching experience, and thought that it helps them in constructing high-quality multiple choice questions (MCQs). Finally, 84% were interested in presenting topics in FDP. Conclusion: FDAP was positively perceived by the faculty members of the University Bisha/College of Medicine, since it enriches their experience and satisfies their academic job. Keywords: faculty, development, academic, program, MCQ

Study of chemical and physical parameters affected on purification of water from inorganic contaminants

The ability to remove perchlorate anions was investigated by the adsorption technique in a laboratory scale and by a batch type unit from contaminated aqueous solutions prepared at specific concentrations. The adsorption process was carried out using banana peels, which were chosen as an available, cheap, and low-cost adsorption media. The studied operating conditions in the treatment process were the acidic function, shaking speed, contact time, temperature, in addition to the initial concentration of perchlorate, which ranging from 1-10, 100-400 rpm, 10-180 min, 20-50 ºC, 50-1000 ppb respectively, while the dose of adsorbent media ranged between 0.5-6 g and the particle size ranged from 0-Pan. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of perchlorate changes directly with the shaking speed, contact time, particle size and the dose of adsorbent, while it was inversely with the remaining variables for certain levels. Thus, two types of contaminants were disposed of simultaneously in a beneficial, and eco- friendly manner, reaching to Zero Residue Level (ZRL)

Oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide for pain relief during copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized clinical trial

Background: Present study was carried out to compare the analgesic effect of oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (HBB) for pain relief during copper intrauterine device (IUD) insertion.Methods: It was a a randomized clinical trial carried out at Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Parous women eligible for Copper IUD insertion were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to diclofenac potassium or HBB. The participants were asked to take 2 tablets of the study medications 30 minutes before IUD insertion. The primary outcome was the participant's self-rated pain perception using a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during IUD insertion. We considered a 1.5 cm difference in VAS scores between study groups as clinically significant.Results: One hundred eight women were enrolled (n=54 in each group). Diclofenac significantly has lower mean pain score during speculum placement (1.73 vs. 2.13) and tenaculum placement (1.85 vs. 2.3) than HBB with p<0.001. No statistical significant differences between both groups in other steps of IUD insertion. Additionally, the duration of IUD insertion was significantly lower in the diclofenac group (5.34±0.76 vs. 5.74±1.23 minutes, p=0.045). No women reported side effects in both groups.Conclusions: The use of oral diclofenac potassium 30 minutes prior to copper IUD insertion slightly reduce the insertional pain and duration than oral HBB with no adverse effects

Spectroscopic properties, anti-colon cancer, antimicrobial and molecular docking studies of silver(I), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes for 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivative

Thiazole Schiff base (H2L) ligand was synthesized from condensation of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol in the molar ratio 2:1. A series of Ag(I), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of H2L ligand was prepared and investigated by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H NMR, TGA and mass spectral data. Thiazol Schiff base ligand has two bidentate sets of N-O units which can coordinate with two metal ions to afford novel binuclear metal complexes. The directions of the coordinate bonds are from nitrogen atoms of the azomethine groups and oxygen atoms of the phenolic groups. All of the newly synthesized complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The results showed the Ag(I) complex exhibited better activities than the commercial antimicrobial reference drugs. The metal complexes were also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-colon human cancer (HCT-116) and mammalian cells of the African green monkey kidney (VERO). The Ag(I) and Co(II) complexes with selectivity index value 17.00 and 15.63, respectively, exhibited better activity than methotrexate as a reference drug with selectivity index value 13.30, while complexes Ni(II) and Mn(II) with selectivity index values 9.30 and 8.59, respectively, were found to be nearly as active as methotrexate. Molecular docking studies further helped in understanding the mode of action of the compounds through their various interactions with the active sites of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. The observed activity of the Ag(I), Mn(II) and Ni(II) complexes gave rise to the conclusion that they might exert their action through inhibition of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme

Genetic Profile of ACE (I/D) (rs4646994) Single Nucleotide polymorphism Among Sample of Egyptian patients with Alzheimer Disease in Upper Egypt

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired memory and progressive cognitive and behavioral decline. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was suggested to have a role in inhibition of Aβ peptides accumulation with formation of plaque in vitro. The role of ACE (I/D) genotypes regarding AD development and severity is questionable. Objectives: to assess the role of ACE (I/D) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a possible genetic risk factor for AD occurrence and for prediction of the disease severity. Patients and Methods: This case- control study was carried out in the Neuropsychiatry Department, Qena University Hospital during the period between March 1st 2019 and February 28th 2020. The study included 50 AD patients and 50 healthy age, sex and education matched controls. All cases underwent clinical assessment using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Advanced medical imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Genetic analysis for ACE (I/D) (rs4646994) was done using conventional PCR with primers without restriction enzyme. Results: Mean age of the included patients was 70.1 ± 9.35 years with female predominance (60%). About 46% of patients had mild disease, 42% had moderate disease and 12% had severe disease based on MMSE assessment tool. Diabetes had higher frequency among AD group (30%). ACE homozygous DD genotype had higher frequency (OD=35.9; 95%CI= [2.8-440.2]) and D allele was significantly commoner among AD group than control group (OD=2.13; 95% CI= [1.05-3.2]), (P ˂ 0.05 for all). However, no statistically significant differences in relation to degree of dementia and ACE (I/D) genotypes were recorded. Although homozygous DD genotype and D alleles had higher frequency among severe AD group (P˃0.05). Conclusion: an evidence of significant association between homozygous ACE (DD) and D allele among sample of AD patients in Upper Egypt. However, there is lack of significance association of ACE (I/D) SNP in prediction of disease severity

Succinic acid Production Strategy: Raw material, Organisms and Recent Applications in pharmaceutical and Food: Critical Review

Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has been acknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid has been noticed in the last 10 years. The production methods and mechanisms developed. Hence, these techniques and operations need to be revised. Recently, an omnibus rule for developing succinic acid is to find renewable carbohydrate Feedstocks. The sustainability of the resource is crucial to disintegrate the massive use of petroleum based-production. Accordingly, systematically reviewing the latest findings of bacterial production and related fermentation methods is critical. Therefore, this paper aims to study the latest research and assess the findings statistically comprehensively. The current review attempt is a step toward comprehending all the conditions surrounding succinic acid production from raw materials, microorganisms, and fermentation methods

Magnetoresistance studies of metallic granular and ceramic thin films for microsensor applications

Thin films of granular metal and manganites ceramic were fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition techniques. The GMR effect is highly influenced by the shape, size and distribution of the magnetic entities. The highest GMR value of 7.6% for Ag87.0Fe9.5Co3.5 granular film measured at 1 Tesla at room temperature had been obtained. In the polycrystalline manganites system, low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) had been observed due to the grain boundaries. LFMR of 4.3% and 6.2% measured at 0.1 Tesla at room temperature have been observed for both La-Sr-Mn-O and La-Ba-Mn-O samples. For the La-Sr-Mn-O film, LFMR ratio of 4.5% has been observed. This value meets the requirement as sensor element and it is currently used in many applications such as head sensing in hard disk