A Study on Nursing Articles on Literature-Based Education in Both the US and UK

Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to provide a chronological analysis of the use of literature in nursing education journals in both the US and UK. The second aim is to clarify the main goals of using literature in nursing education. This study has the potential to provide a helpful reference to EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers who are contemplating introducing literature to the classroom. Methods: An online electronic search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database was conducted to identify articles related to the use of literature in nursing education. The collected articles were then sorted into three tables as follows : articles in the first table were arranged in chronological order by publication date, name of the primary researcher, article title, journal title, and title of the main literary works ; articles in the second table were arranged in chronological order based on the main goals of literature use ; and articles in the third table were arranged in descending order based on the frequency of articles that shared identical main goals. Results: Our findings are as follows : 1) Literature was introduced into nursing education in the 1960s ; 2) An overwhelmingly large number of articles have been published in the US on the use of literature in nursing education ; 3) The main literary works that were actually used, or that researchers believed could be used, were able to be categorized into five groups related to literary form and four groups related to literary theme ; and 4) The main traits that researchers believed could be reinforced by the use of literature included "self-growth," "critical thinking," "compassion," "empathy," "insight," "cultural competence," and "sensitivity." Conclusions: This study clearly reveals both historical changes and recent trends in the use of literature in nursing education in both the US and UK. This type of study should play an important role in promoting the introduction of literature into the EFL classroom for Japanese nursing students.目的:本研究が日本の看護教育において文学を教材としたEFL(English as a Foreign Language)の授業への有益な指針となるように,英米における文学を教材とする看護教育に関する文献を時系列に分析し,研究者が文学によって高められると考えた目標を明確にする.方法:CINAHL(Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature)からliterature, nursing, educationをキーワードとして得られた41件の文献を時系列に分析した.結果:1)看護教育における文学導入は,1960年代からである.2)圧倒的に合衆国における研究が多い.3)実際に扱われた,および可能とされた作品は形式別では5グループ,テーマ別では4グループに分類される.4)研究者が文学によって高められると考えた目標は主に,self-growth, critical thinking, understanding of patients, compassion, insight, cultural competence, empathy, ethical knowledge, sensitivity, vicarious experiencesなどである.結論:本研究により,英米における文学を教材とする看護教育についての歴史的変遷や傾向が明確になった.今後,日本の看護学生を対象としたEFLの授業へ文学を導入するための有益な指針としての役割を果たすことが期待される.原

Hyperleptinemia is associated with hypertension in Japanese males

Leptin is a hormone which is predominantly secreted by adipose tissue. Recent studies have shown that leptin increases arterial blood pressure. Although data from available animal studies clearly indicate an association between leptin and hypertension, results of human studies have been less definitive. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between serum leptin levels and hypertension in 111 hypertensive subjects and 222 male controls, using conditional logistic regression analyses. Mean serum leptin levels were found to be marginally higher in the case subjects than in the control subjects (3.3 ng/ml versus 3.0 ng/ml), however, conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects in the highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of hypertension compared with those in the lowest quartile, even after adjusting for drinking status and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR, 2.11;95% CI, 1.01-4.39). Our findings suggest that leptin plays an important role in the development of hypertension.</p

The Socioeconomic Factors Affecting the Mental Health Status of Family Caregivers of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

As Japan’s ‘super aged society’ develops, more and more aged caregivers are obliged to take care of patients with chronic diseases. In this study, the family caregivers of type 2 diabetic patients were targeted to identify the socioeconomic conditions that affect their mental health status. The results indicated that when the caregivers were overly concerned about the patients’ care, they had higher GHQ （General Health Questionnaire） scores（ r=.685, p<0.05）. On the other hand, the more caregivers spoke frankly about their feelings to the patients, the lower their GHQ Likert Scores were（ r=.-718, p<0.05）. Suggestions for medical staff were made to establish a support system not only for type 2 diabetic patients, but also for the family caregivers of these patients

Intramedullary injury combined with osteoporosis therapeutics regulates targeted local osteogenesis.

福岡歯科大学2022年

Enhanced stability of hippocampal place representation caused by reduced magnesium block of NMDA receptors in the dentate gyrus

BACKGROUND: Voltage-dependent block of the NMDA receptor by Mg(2+) is thought to be central to the unique involvement of this receptor in higher brain functions. However, the in vivo role of the Mg(2+) block in the mammalian brain has not yet been investigated, because brain-wide loss of the Mg(2+) block causes perinatal lethality. In this study, we used a brain-region specific knock-in mouse expressing an NMDA receptor that is defective for the Mg(2+) block in order to test its role in neural information processing. RESULTS: We devised a method to induce a single amino acid substitution (N595Q) in the GluN2A subunit of the NMDA receptor, specifically in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice. This mutation reduced the Mg(2+) block at the medial perforant path–granule cell synapse and facilitated synaptic potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation. The mutants had more stable hippocampal place fields in the CA1 than the controls did, and place representation showed lower sensitivity to visual differences. In addition, behavioral tests revealed that the mutants had a spatial working memory deficit. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Mg(2+) block in the dentate gyrus regulates hippocampal spatial information processing by attenuating activity-dependent synaptic potentiation in the dentate gyrus

Association between potassium supplementation and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with hypokalemia administered liposomal amphotericin B: a nationwide observational study

Background: Hypokalemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) occur in patients administered liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), a wide-spectrum anti-fungicidal drug. However, the association between potassium supplementation and the occurrence of AKI in patients with hypokalemia who were administered L-AMB is not well understood.Methods: Using nationwide claims data and laboratory data, the occurrence of AKI during L-AMB treatment was retrospectively compared between patients with hypokalemia who were or were not supplemented with potassium and between those adequately or inadequately supplemented with potassium (serum potassium levels corrected to ≥3.5 mEq/L or remained < 3.5 mEq/L, respectively) before or after L-AMB treatment initiation.Results: We identified 118 patients who developed hypokalemia before L-AMB treatment initiation (43 received potassium supplementation [25 adequate and 18 inadequate supplementation] and 75 did not receive potassium supplementation), and 117 patients who developed hypokalemia after L-AMB initiation (79 received potassium supplementation [including 23 adequate and 15 inadequate supplementation] and 38 did not receive potassium supplementation). The occurrence of any stage of AKI was similar between patients with hypokalemia, regardless of potassium supplementation (i.e., before L-AMB treatment initiation [supplementation, 51%; non-supplementation, 45%; P = 0.570] or after L-AMB initiation [supplementation, 28%; non-supplementation, 32%; P = 0.671]). After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that the occurrence of any stage of AKI was not associated with potassium supplementation before L-AMB initiation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.291, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.584–2.852, P = 0.528) or after L-AMB initiation (OR: 0.954, 95% CI: 0.400–2.275, P = 0.915). The occurrence of any stage of AKI tended to decline in patients with hypokalemia who were adequately supplemented with potassium (44%) before, but not after, L-AMB initiation relative to that in patients inadequately supplemented with potassium (61%), however this result was not significant (P = 0.358).Conclusion: Potassium supplementation was not associated with any stage of AKI in patients with hypokalemia who were administered L-AMB