Associação de fatores socioeconômicos e nutricionais com prevalência de sibilância em lactentes hospitalizados no sul do Brasil

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QUARENTENA COM AFETO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2), provocada pelo coronavírus, causou grave impacto direto na saúde física de milhões de pessoas, além de representar uma ameaça de grande magnitude à saúde mental globalmente. O objetivo deste relato de experiência é descrever as ações sociais realizadas para o enfrentamento da atual pandemia por Covid-19 e de seus possíveis agravos. O Projeto “Quarentena com Afeto” disponibilizou acesso on-line e gratuito ao serviço de assistência à saúde mental, onde pessoas que necessitem de atendimento solicitam ajuda via e-mail e a equipe realiza os encaminhamentos para os psicólogos-voluntários de acordo com a disponibilidade de vagas e horários. Ademais, a iniciativa conta com a divulgação diária de informações confiáveis para o público geral, mantendo-se o foco nas pessoas consideradas vulneráveis e/ou em sofrimento psíquico por conta da atual epidemia. Os dados obtidos pelo Projeto mostram uma prevalência significativamente maior do público feminino, tanto na procura por ajuda psicológica (83,82%), quanto na busca por mais informações e pelo engajamento com essa temática. Possíveis motivos encontrados na literatura para essa procura superior são: maior probabilidade geral de desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais em mulheres; o sexo feminino é considerado um fator de risco para pior saúde mental durante o período de quarentena e, também, aumento dos índices violência por parceiro íntimo. Espera-se, através da continuação deste Projeto, que seja facilitado o enfrentamento coletivo da pandemia do SARS-Cov-2, de maneira a amenizar os efeitos psicológicos negativos causados pelo isolamento social e pela quarentena dela decorrentes

QUARENTENA COM AFETO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2), provocada pelo coronavírus, causou grave impacto direto na saúde física de milhões de pessoas, além de representar uma ameaça de grande magnitude à saúde mental globalmente. O objetivo deste relato de experiência é descrever as ações sociais realizadas para o enfrentamento da atual pandemia por Covid-19 e de seus possíveis agravos. O Projeto “Quarentena com Afeto” disponibilizou acesso on-line e gratuito ao serviço de assistência à saúde mental, onde pessoas que necessitem de atendimento solicitam ajuda via e-mail e a equipe realiza os encaminhamentos para os psicólogos-voluntários de acordo com a disponibilidade de vagas e horários. Ademais, a iniciativa conta com a divulgação diária de informações confiáveis para o público geral, mantendo-se o foco nas pessoas consideradas vulneráveis e/ou em sofrimento psíquico por conta da atual epidemia. Os dados obtidos pelo Projeto mostram uma prevalência significativamente maior do público feminino, tanto na procura por ajuda psicológica (83,82%), quanto na busca por mais informações e pelo engajamento com essa temática. Possíveis motivos encontrados na literatura para essa procura superior são: maior probabilidade geral de desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais em mulheres; o sexo feminino é considerado um fator de risco para pior saúde mental durante o período de quarentena e, também, aumento dos índices violência por parceiro íntimo. Espera-se, através da continuação deste Projeto, que seja facilitado o enfrentamento coletivo da pandemia do SARS-Cov-2, de maneira a amenizar os efeitos psicológicos negativos causados pelo isolamento social e pela quarentena dela decorrentes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions