SARADNJA GRANIČNIH POLICIJA ZEMALJA EVROPSKE UNIJE – PRIMER SR NEMAČKE I POLJSKE

The European Union developed effective system of border control and management, trough generally accepted integrated border management concept. This concept enables not only free movement of people and goods, but prevention organized crime, and respect high standards of protection of human rights and freedoms in the same time. The system between EU member states establish in that way needs introduction high standards of organization, authority and cooperation model of border security subjects, on its internal and external borders. In any case, Border police is one of the most significant security border subject in EU. Proceeding from that, the purpose of this work is to present standardization in organization, authority, and especially in models of bilateral cooperation using the example of function of EU border police, concretely Federal Republic of Germany, as “old EU member state” and Republic of Poland, as “new EU member state”.Evropska unija je, kroz opšteprihvaćeni koncept integrisanog upravaljanja granicom, razvila efikasan sistem kontrole i upravljanja granicama. On omogućava slobodan protok ljudi i robe, kao i sprečavanje prekograničnog organizovanog kriminala, uz istovremeno poštovanje visokih standarda zaštite ljudskih prava i sloboda. Ovako uspostavljen sistem između država članica EU, zahteva i uvođenje visokih standarda organizacije, nadležnosti i modela saradnje subjekata bezbednosti granica, kako na unutrašnjim tako i na njenim spoljnim granicama. U svakom slučaju, Granična policija predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih subjekata bezbednosti granica EU. Polazeći od toga, cilj ovog rada je da na primeru funcionisanja graničnih policija EU, konkretno, Savezne Republike Nemačke kao “stare članice EU” i Republike Poljske kao “nove članice EU”, predstavi standardizaciju u njihovoj organizaciji, nadležnostima, a naročito u modelima bilateralne saradnje

Nutritivna vrednost sačme uljane repice u ishrani brojlerskih pilića

In this paper, results relating to nutritive value of rapeseed meal on production performances of fattening chickens are presented. Investigation was carried out on Ross 308 chickens in duration of 42 days. Control group of chickens (group 1) was fed standard mixture (starter, grower and finisher) based on corn, soybean meal and full fat soybean extruded as basic feeds, and share of rapeseed meal in diets for trial chickens was 10% (group 2) and 15% (group 3). Results showed that control group of chickens had realized final body mass of 2.250 kg, chickens of group 2 body mass of 2.243 kg, and group 3 had realized the lowest value - 2.181 kg. Feed conversion was equal in all three groups of chickens (1-1.864; 2-1.880; 3-1.861). Mortality was 3.16% in control group, 3.13% in group 2 and 7.16% in group 3. Production index had value of 270 in group 1, 268 in group 2 and 251 in group 3. Differences in all investigated parameters, with the exception of feed conversion, between group 3 and other groups were statistically significant (P (lt) 0.05). Presence of 15% of rapeseed meal in diets had exhibited depressive effect on production parameters of chickens and inclusion of this feed in higher percentage can have negative effect on success of broiler fattening. .U radu su prikazani rezultati nutritivne vrednosti sačme uljane repice na proizvodne parametre tovnih pilića. Ispitivanje je izvedeno na pilićima Ross 308 hibrida u trajanju od 42 dana. Kontrolna grupa pilića (grupa 1) hranjena je standardnom smešom (starter, grover i finišer) na bazi kukuruza, sojine sačme i sojinog griza kao osnovnih hraniva. Udeo sačme uljane repice u obrocima oglednih pilića bio je 10% (grupa 2) i 15% (grupa 3). Rezultati su pokazali da je kontrolna grupa pilića ostvarila završnu telesnu masu 2.250 kg, dok je grupa 2 imala telesnu masu 2.243 kg, a grupa 3, je bila najlošija sa 2.181 kg. Konverzija hrane je bila ujednačena kod sve tri grupe pilića (1- 1.864; 2-1.880; 3-1.861). Mortalitet je bio 3.16% kod kontrolne grupe, 3.13% kod grupe 2 i 7.16% kod grupe 3. Proizvodni indeks je imao vrednost 270 kod grupe 1, 268 kod grupe 2 i 251 kod grupe 3. Razlike po svim ispitivanim parametrima, osim po vrednosti konverzije hrane između grupe 3 i ostalih grupa su bile statistički značajne (P (lt) 0.05). Pokazalo se da učešće sačme uljane repice od 15% u obrocima depresivno deluje na proizvodne parametre pilića i da njeno uključivanje u većem procentu može imati negativnog uticaja na uspeh tova brojlerskih pilića.

The Importance of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Vitamin B Complex in Treating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Patient Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus – A Case Report

Karpalni sindrom čini skupina simptoma uzrokovanih kompresijom distalnog dijela nervusa medianusa u karpalnom tunelu. Sindrom je važan u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi jer se radi o učestaloj mononeuropatiji koja znatno utječe na funkcionalnost i kvalitetu svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Konvencionalno liječenje karpalnog sindroma ovisi o jačini i trajanju simptoma i uključuje raznoliku terapiju: kortikosteroide, imobilizaciju i operaciju. U radu prikazujemo bolesnika u dobi od 54 godine s dugogodišnjim dijabetesom. Nakon kliničke i elektromiografske dijagnoze srednje teškoga kroničnog karpalnog sindroma i zbog prisutne neuropatije bolesnik je liječen alfa-lipoičnom kiselinom i vitaminima skupine B u preporučenim dozama tijekom nekoliko mjeseci. Poboljšanje je potvrđeno i klinički i elektromiografski. Rezultati upućuju na mogućnost uspješne aplikacije alfa-lipoične kiseline i vitamina skupine B u bolesnika s dijabetesom i blagim do srednje teškim karpalnim sindromom. Potrebna su daljnja kontrolirana randomizirana klinička istraživanja koja će to potvrditi.Carpal tunnel syndrome represents a set of symptoms and signs caused by the compression of the distal portion of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It is important in everyday clinical practice since it is the most frequent mononeuropathy that significantly influences the functionality and the quality of daily activities. The conventional treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome consists of (based on severity and duration of symptoms) different therapies, such as: corticosteroids, immobilization or surgery. This is a case report of a 54-year-old patient, suffering from diabetes mellitus for many years. After clinical and electromyographic confirmation of moderate chronic carpal tunnel syndrome, and because of the existing polyneuropathy, the patient has been treated with alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin B complex in recommended therapeutic doses for several months. An improvement has been verified clinically and electromyographically. The result indicates the possibility of successful therapeutic application of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin B complex in diabetic patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. Further randomized controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm this

Market concentration and profitability: the empirical evidence from Serbian manufacturing industry

Utjecaj tržišne koncentracije na profitabilnost je kontroverzno pitanje u oblasti industrijske organizacije, na koje nema jasnog odgovora. Cilj istraživanja je ispitati ovaj eventualni utjecaj u kontekstu prerađivačke industrije Srbije. Temeljna hipoteza u ovom istraživanju jest da povećanje koncentracije tržišta povećava profitabilnost na tržištima zbog tajnog sporazuma dominantnih tvrtki. Hipoteza je testirana definiranjem i ocjenom modela koji opisuje utjecaj strukturnih i ostalih kontrolnih varijabli na profitabilnost tržišta, korištenjem sekundarnih podataka panela za 122 tržišta, promatrana u 2015. i 2017. godini. Podaci su dobiveni iz 30037 financijskih izvješća tvrtki iz sektora prerađivačke industrije. Model je procijenjen primjenom dvostupanjske metode najmanjih kvadrata s komponentama slučajne pogreške (EC2SLS). Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na statistički značajan pozitivan utjecaj koncentracije tržišta na profitabilnost, što ide u prilog tradicionalnoj hipotezi tržišne snage.The impact of market concentration on profitability is a controversial question in industrial organization without a clear answer. The aim of the research is to investigate this prospective impact in the context of Serbian manufacturing industry. The main hypothesis of the research is that the increase in market concentration increases the profitability in the markets, due to the collusion of the dominant companies. We test this hypothesis by defining, estimating and testing the model describing the impact of structural and other control variables on market profitability by using secondary panel data for 122 markets, observed in 2015 and 2017. We obtained the data from 30 037 financial reports of the manufacturing industry companies. The model was estimated by using an error component two stage least squares estimator (EC2SLS). The results indicate a statistically significant positive impact of market concentration on profitability, empirically supporting the traditional market power hypothesis

Determination of the Stages of Deep Pectoral Myopathy Induced in Broilers Fed with Supplemental Coenzyme Q10

The aim of this study was to examine the structural characteristics and incidence of different stages of deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) that was induced in broilers fed a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplemented diet. A total of 288 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were equally divided among 8 pens (pens 1 to 8). The diet was the same for all chicks until day 35 post-hatching. Subsequently, broilers in pens 5 to 8 were fed the 20 mg of CoQ10/kg finisher diet until the end of the experiment (day 42 post-hatching). To induce DPM, 5 male birds from each of the pens 1 to 8 were subjected to encouraged wing flapping (EWF) at the end of their 37th day. At the end of the trial, the incidence of DPM stages in broilers was determined and an analysis of the histological parameters of deep pectoral muscles was performed. Results showed that, in the groups subjected to EWF, broilers with the CoQ10 supplement had a lower average DPM stage and volume density of necrotic muscle cells, as well as a higher volume density of non-necrotic muscle cells. These results can be related to the antioxidant properties of CoQ10, which, in chickens subjected to EWF, reduced the effects of DPM on cell necrosis and muscle tissue damage

Effects of protease and sex on skin, bone and muscle yields and percentages of major primal cuts in broilers

This study aimed to assess the effects of different dietary levels of the protease enzyme and sex on skin, bone and muscle yields and percentages of breast, drumsticks and thighs as the most valuable carcass parts of broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old, mixed-sex broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments with different levels of protease supplementation (group C: a standard diet without Ronozyme ProAct; group E-I: a diet with 200 mg/kg Ronozyme ProAct and a 4% crude protein reduction compared to the standard diet; and group E-II: a diet with 300mg/kg Ronozyme ProAct and a 6% crude protein reduction compared to the standard diet). All diets were maize- and soybean meal-based. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 49-day feeding trial. The results obtained indicate that the dietary treatments had no significant effect on skin, bone and muscle yields and percentages of the drumsticks, thighs and breast (P > 0.05), except for the breast muscle weight in the female chickens (especially between the E-I and E-II groups), and the drumstick bone percentage in the males between the C and E-2 groups (P < 0.05). In all three groups, the male chickens exhibited higher weights of skin, muscle and bone in breast, drumsticks and thighs than the female chickens, and the differences were not significant only in the skin weight of drumsticks and thighs (P > 0.05). The females had a higher yield of muscle tissue in breast and drumsticks, a higher percentage of skin in drumsticks and thighs, and a lower percentage of bone in drumsticks and thighs than the males (P < 0.05). Major differences resulted from the effect of broiler sex, whereas the dietary treatments containing 3 levels of protease supplementation had a very small effect on the yields and percentages of skin, bone and muscle in breast, drumsticks and thighs

A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations

[Summary] The rise and fall of the Roman Empire was a socio-political process with enormous ramifications for human history. The Middle Danube was a crucial frontier and a crossroads for population and cultural movement. Here, we present genome-wide data from 136 Balkan individuals dated to the 1st millennium CE. Despite extensive militarization and cultural influence, we find little ancestry contribution from peoples of Italic descent. However, we trace a large-scale influx of people of Anatolian ancestry during the Imperial period. Between ∼250 and 550 CE, we detect migrants with ancestry from Central/Northern Europe and the Steppe, confirming that “barbarian” migrations were propelled by ethnically diverse confederations. Following the end of Roman control, we detect the large-scale arrival of individuals who were genetically similar to modern Eastern European Slavic-speaking populations, who contributed 30%–60% of the ancestry of Balkan people, representing one of the largest permanent demographic changes anywhere in Europe during the Migration Period.We thank the funding agencies for this study: PGC2018-0955931-B-100 grant (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) of the Spanish Ministry of Science of Innovation (C.L.-F.), PID2021-124590NB-100 grant of the Spanish Ministry of Science of Innovation (C.L.-F.), fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), code LCF/BQ-ES11/10000073 (I.O.), grant “Ayudas para contratos Ramón y Cajal” funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future” (I.O.), FPI-2019 (Spanish Ministry of Science of Innovation, BDNS ID: 476421) (P.C.), NSERC Discovery grant (Canada) RGPIN-2018-05989 (M.G.), Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Croatia (grant 533-03-19-0002) (M.N.), National Institutes of Health funding (HG012287) (D.R.), John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220) (D.R.), gifts from J.-F. Clin (D.R. and I.O.), the Allen Discovery Center, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation (D.R.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.).Peer reviewe

Model rešavanja sukoba korporativne i javne politike u izboru lokacije trgovinskih objekata

Predmet ovog istraživanja jeste izbor lokacije trgovinskih objekata posmatrano sa stanovišta zaštite konkurencije što se ispoljava kroz analizu različitih razvojnih strategija trgovinskih kompanija na jednoj strani i osnovnih ciljeva politike zaštite konkurencije na drugoj strani. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da se doprinese teorijskim saznanjima u oblasti maloprodaje kroz jasan i na naučnoj osnovi predstavljen uticaj koji propisi za zaštitu konkurencije mogu da imaju na izbor optimalne lokacije trgovinskih objekata. Sa druge strane cilj je da se ispita značaj metoda i tehnika iz oblasti teorije lokacije za definisanje geografskog relevantnog maloprodajnog tržišta. Takođe, cilj je i definisanje smernica i metodologije za određivanje relevantnog tržišta u maloprodaji, što će sa jedne strane koristiti regulatornim telima za zaštitu konkurencije, dok će, sa druge strane, omogućiti menadžmentu maloprodajnih kompanija da sa većom sigurnošću donosi strateške razvojne planove, pre svega po pitanju prostornog razvoja koji neće narušiti konkurenciju na maloprodajnom tržištu. U skladu s tim prva polazna hipoteza u okvuru ovog istraživanja je da u izboru lokacije prodajnih objekata postoje različiti interesi u realizaciji korporativne i javne trgovinske politike. Testiranje ove hipoteze sprovedeno je komparativnom analizom regulatornog okvira politike zaštite konkurencije i osnovnih razvojnih ciljeva maloprodajnih kompanija. Rezultati testiranja su pokazali da postoje jasni ciljevi korporativne i javne politike u lokaciji trgovinskih objekata. Svaki maloprodavac, kao nosilac korporativne politike, nastoji da zauzme što veći deo tržišta pozicionirajući svoje maloprodajne objekte na što atraktivnijim lokacijama. Na drugoj strani osnovni ciljevi politike zaštite konkurencije, odnosno javne politike, neposredno ukazuju na potrebu postojanja što većeg broja konkurenata na relevantnom tržištu. Sučeljavajući navedene stavove jasno proizilazi da postoje objektivno različiti interesi nosilaca korporativne i javne politike u izboru lokacije trgovinskih objekata čime se potvrđuje prva hipoteza ovog istraživanja. Kakav efekat ima efikasna primena politike zaštite konkurencije na razvoj trgovine na malo utvrđeno je testiranjem podhipoteze da efikasna primena politike zaštite konkurencije u tranzicionim zemljama pozitivno utiče na razvoj trgovine na malo.The subject of this research is related to appropriate selection of retail store location in terms of competition policy which is conducted by an analysis of different development strategies of retail companies, on one end, and basic goals of the competition policy, on the other end. The aim of this PhD dissertation is to improve theoretical knowledge in the field of retail through a clear and scientifically based effect which competition regulations may have on the selection of optimal location of retail stores. On the other hand, its aim is to discover the relevance of methods and techniques of the location theory for defining a geographically relevant market in the retail industry. In addition, its aim is also to define guidelines and methodologies in order to determine a relevant retail market which will be of use to regulatory bodies for competition protection and will enable the management of retail companies to prepare less risky strategic development plans, mainly those regarding a location development that will not negatively affect competition on the retail market. According to this, the first hypothesis of this research states that there are different interests in choosing a retail store location in terms of achieving a corporate and public trade policy. Testing of this hypothesis has been conducted by a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework of the competition policy and basic development goals of retail companies. The test results has shown that there are clear goals of corporate and public policy regarding the location of retail stores. Each retailer, as a carrier of corporate policy, tends to succeed on the market by positioning its retail stores at most attractive locations. On the other hand, the main goals of the competition policy and public policy are to directly point out the need for more competitors in the relevant market. By confronting the two hypotheses it is evident that there exist obviously different interests of the carriers of corporate and public policy in terms of choosing retail store locations by which the first hypothesis of this research is proved. A type of effects that result from an effective implementation of the competition policy in the development of retail trade has been determined by testing of a sub-hypothesis which claims that an efficient implementation of the competition policy in countries undergoing transition has got positive effects on the development of the retail trade

Model rešavanja sukoba korporativne i javne politike u izboru lokacije trgovinskih objekata

Predmet ovog istraživanja jeste izbor lokacije trgovinskih objekata posmatrano sa stanovišta zaštite konkurencije što se ispoljava kroz analizu različitih razvojnih strategija trgovinskih kompanija na jednoj strani i osnovnih ciljeva politike zaštite konkurencije na drugoj strani. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da se doprinese teorijskim saznanjima u oblasti maloprodaje kroz jasan i na naučnoj osnovi predstavljen uticaj koji propisi za zaštitu konkurencije mogu da imaju na izbor optimalne lokacije trgovinskih objekata. Sa druge strane cilj je da se ispita značaj metoda i tehnika iz oblasti teorije lokacije za definisanje geografskog relevantnog maloprodajnog tržišta. Takođe, cilj je i definisanje smernica i metodologije za određivanje relevantnog tržišta u maloprodaji, što će sa jedne strane koristiti regulatornim telima za zaštitu konkurencije, dok će, sa druge strane, omogućiti menadžmentu maloprodajnih kompanija da sa većom sigurnošću donosi strateške razvojne planove, pre svega po pitanju prostornog razvoja koji neće narušiti konkurenciju na maloprodajnom tržištu. U skladu s tim prva polazna hipoteza u okvuru ovog istraživanja je da u izboru lokacije prodajnih objekata postoje različiti interesi u realizaciji korporativne i javne trgovinske politike. Testiranje ove hipoteze sprovedeno je komparativnom analizom regulatornog okvira politike zaštite konkurencije i osnovnih razvojnih ciljeva maloprodajnih kompanija. Rezultati testiranja su pokazali da postoje jasni ciljevi korporativne i javne politike u lokaciji trgovinskih objekata. Svaki maloprodavac, kao nosilac korporativne politike, nastoji da zauzme što veći deo tržišta pozicionirajući svoje maloprodajne objekte na što atraktivnijim lokacijama. Na drugoj strani osnovni ciljevi politike zaštite konkurencije, odnosno javne politike, neposredno ukazuju na potrebu postojanja što većeg broja konkurenata na relevantnom tržištu. Sučeljavajući navedene stavove jasno proizilazi da postoje objektivno različiti interesi nosilaca korporativne i javne politike u izboru lokacije trgovinskih objekata čime se potvrđuje prva hipoteza ovog istraživanja. Kakav efekat ima efikasna primena politike zaštite konkurencije na razvoj trgovine na malo utvrđeno je testiranjem podhipoteze da efikasna primena politike zaštite konkurencije u tranzicionim zemljama pozitivno utiče na razvoj trgovine na malo.The subject of this research is related to appropriate selection of retail store location in terms of competition policy which is conducted by an analysis of different development strategies of retail companies, on one end, and basic goals of the competition policy, on the other end. The aim of this PhD dissertation is to improve theoretical knowledge in the field of retail through a clear and scientifically based effect which competition regulations may have on the selection of optimal location of retail stores. On the other hand, its aim is to discover the relevance of methods and techniques of the location theory for defining a geographically relevant market in the retail industry. In addition, its aim is also to define guidelines and methodologies in order to determine a relevant retail market which will be of use to regulatory bodies for competition protection and will enable the management of retail companies to prepare less risky strategic development plans, mainly those regarding a location development that will not negatively affect competition on the retail market. According to this, the first hypothesis of this research states that there are different interests in choosing a retail store location in terms of achieving a corporate and public trade policy. Testing of this hypothesis has been conducted by a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework of the competition policy and basic development goals of retail companies. The test results has shown that there are clear goals of corporate and public policy regarding the location of retail stores. Each retailer, as a carrier of corporate policy, tends to succeed on the market by positioning its retail stores at most attractive locations. On the other hand, the main goals of the competition policy and public policy are to directly point out the need for more competitors in the relevant market. By confronting the two hypotheses it is evident that there exist obviously different interests of the carriers of corporate and public policy in terms of choosing retail store locations by which the first hypothesis of this research is proved. A type of effects that result from an effective implementation of the competition policy in the development of retail trade has been determined by testing of a sub-hypothesis which claims that an efficient implementation of the competition policy in countries undergoing transition has got positive effects on the development of the retail trade

MODELING AND FORECASTING EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY IN EEC COUNTRIES

This main objective of this paper is to examine the properties of the GARCHmodel and its usefulness in modeling and forecasting the volatility of exchange ratemovements in selected EEC countries (Romania, Hungary and Serbia). The dailyreturns of exchange rates on Hungarian forint (HUF), Romanian lei (ROL) andSerbian dinar (RSD), all against the US dollar are analyzed during the period 03.January 2000 to 15. April 2013 in respect. In order to measure the involved risk,symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models are applied. The accuracy of exchangerate volatility forecast is evaluated through reference to the most commonly usedcriteria. These include a Mincer-Zarnowitz regression based test, Mean AbsoluteError (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Diebold and Mariano test (DMtest). The results of Mincer-Zarnowitz regression test for selected exchange ratereturn series showed a clear lack of explanotory power and sub-optimality of theTGARCH model. The results of the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE) for the forecasted volatility showed that symmetric modelbetter predict conditional variance of the exchange rate returns, but estimating resultsindicating that the parameters of forecasts are not satisfactory, i.e. models have littlepredictive power. Results for Diebold-Mariano test results for Diebold-Mariano testshowed that symmetric model outperforming TGRACH forecast in case of Hungarianforint and Serbian dinar sample series, and that only in case of Romania lei TGARCHoutperforming the GARCH forecast