Classification of oligotrophic pine mires on the basis of ground vegetation and fertility parameters

HUOM! julkaisussa väärä ISBN 951-40-1092-

Constructivism: An Approach in Training Nursing Students in the Clinical Setting.

Abstract            Nurses are important in the society because of their soft and caring hands.  Because of the changing needs and increase in demand of care, today’s generation nurses are expected to be critically thinking of their own to be effective without depending too much from the other health care team.  Educators in the clinical setting have to utilize new teaching innovations that would create proficient nurses.  This paper aims to display that constructivist approach will enable nursing students to deal with complex situations in the hospital through analysis, application, evaluation, and creation; increase motivation and autonomy in nursing care with critical decision making; confirms active construction of knowledge among nursing students using language based on past experiences; enhance communication among students that provide real world examples and will provide them with experience-based learning opportunities to practice.            Student nurses are active learners in the clinical area because of their philosophy that their client’s health and well-being depends on their hands.  This paper concludes that constructivist approach will create globally competent nursing students and enable them to deal with complex situations in the hospital through analysis, application, evaluation and creation with motivation and autonomy.  It is the duty of the educators to enhance that skill by letting them actively construct knowledge using language based on past experiences, then context-rich.  This kind of learning strategy will provide learners with experience-based learning opportunities to practice skilled with appropriate decision making process.  Let us not waste what students know, instead, we save, preserve and add.  Educators need to let these students feel that as early as internship, they are capable and competent in providing quality care.  Therefore, guidance is needed and not directives

Phosphorus fertilizer leaching from drained ombrotrophic peatland forests: empirical studies and modelling.

Dissertatio

Laadun jäsennyksiä

Kirja-arvostelu: Laatu ja laadunarviointi eri tieteenaloilla / Jouni Kekäle & Markku Lehikoinen. Joensuu, 2000

Cost function approach to water protection in forestry

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) strongly emphasizes that all water polluting sectors must enhance the protection of water bodies in a cost-effective way. River Basin Management Plans need to be made to achieve a good environmental status for all water bodies by 2027 at the latest. This article examines three principal water protection measures used in forestry: buffer zones, overland flow fields and sedimentation ponds. We analytically develop marginal abatement cost functions for each of these measures and apply them numerically for the Finnish forestry. We find that the marginal abatement costs of nutrients using buffer zones in clear-cut mineral soil forests are very high, as they entail leaving financially mature and uncut trees. In contrast, the marginal costs of using overland flow fields in conjunction with ditch cleaning and clear-cutting in peatlands are very low. Furthermore, for sediments using overland flow fields as a water protection measure entails significantly lower abatement costs than does using sedimentation ponds in conjunction with ditch cleaning in peatland forests. A cost-effective solution in a river basin entails that the highest nutrient reductions are made in agriculture but that forestry also does its share. A cost-effective allocation of abatement measures entails that the proportions of the overall nutrient reduction are 3% (1%) in forestry and 97% (99%) in agriculture when the reduction target is set as 10% (30%).Peer reviewe