Situação atual e avanços necessários à formulação do Conceito Estratégico Nacional

O presente documento analisa a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa do Brasil, considerando a interdependência da mesma com o espaço estratégico delimitado pela América do Sul e Atlântico Sul e com a Política Externa e Política de Defesa brasileiras. A investigação é de ordem qualitativa, priorizando a confrontação da teoria estruturante com o objeto de estudo, a fim de deduzir sugestões de aperfeiçoamento. Na delimitação dos pressupostos teóricos foram priorizados autores clássicos e uma visão interdisciplinar, construída com apoio da Sociologia, Filosofia, Ciência Política, Relações Internacionais e, obviamente, Ciências Militares. Na construção do modelo de análise houve contribuição de elementos da Teoria do Poder, tanto sob a ótica do potencial de poder, associada à visão realista da sociedade internacional, quanto sob o ângulo da génesis do poder. A evolução do pensamento nacional na área de Segurança e Defesa é exposta à luz da autonomia de pensamento tanto da Escola Geopolítica brasileira quanto do modelo de inserção internacional adotado, o Multilateralismo. A aplicação dos conceitos teóricos à realidade brasileira é particularizado através da apresentação de aspectos históricos da formação da nacionalidade e da caracterização do pensamento militar associado ao tema. Como principais conclusões emergem as relacionadas com o aumento da dimensão político e estratégica do país, com o insuficiente consenso entre as políticas das pastas da Defesa e das Relações Exteriores, com a situação peculiar de uma estratégia que também apresenta opções políticas. Apresenta-se, em tópico próprio e nas conclusões, elementos de aperfeiçoamento metodológico e de conteúdo em relação ao documento analisado. Abstract: This paper examines the Brazilian National Defense Strategy, considering the interdependence of it and the strategic border area of South America and South Atlantic and the Foreign Policy and National Defense Policy. The research is qualitative, enphasinsing theory and object confrontation, in order to produce consistent analysis and suggestions for improvement. The theoretical assumptions priorizes classic authors and multidisciplinary approach,with the support of Military Sociology, Philosophy, Political Science, International Relations and, obviously, Military Sciences. The analysis’ model are bult with contributions from the Theory of Power, including viewpoint of classical power potential advocates, usually associated with the realist view of international society, and genesis of power thinkers, like Hannah Arendt. The evolution of Brazilian Security and Defense understanding is exposed considering the autonomy of Brazilian Geopolitics School and Brazilian independent approach to international insertion, the Brazilian Multilateralism. The application of theory and the model to Brazilian reality is particularized through the presentation of historical aspects of the nationality evolution in association with military point of view about this theme. The main conclusions are related with the increase of political and strategic dimension of the country, the insufficient political consensus among Department of Defense and Foreign Affairs structure and the peculiar situation of a strategy that also presents policy options. It is presented in specific topic and in conclusions part, elements of content and methodological improvement to Brazilian Strategy

Landslides in the Remolinos gypsum escarpment (NE Spain): controls imposed by stratigraphy, fluvial erosion, and interstratal salt dissolution

Dissolution of karst rocks (evaporites and carbonates) can cause significant mechanical weakening, but its preparatory role for landslide development has been scarcely explored. Fluvial valleys carved in gypsum bedrock typically display prominent escarpments with numerous landslides and perched valleys indicative of rapid retreat rate. The stratigraphic and cartographic analysis of the 37-km-long Remolinos gypsum escarpment in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain) reveals that landslide types are controlled by the lithological succession: (1) rotational slides in sections with mudstones and marls at the base; (2) rock-slope collapses (massive rock-falls) where the cliff includes halite packages at the foot; and (3) relatively small rock-falls and topples being the main failures affecting cliffs entirely made by gypsum. Fluvial undercutting by the highly mobile Ebro River is the main process that controls the spatial and temporal distribution of slope instability. Geomorphic and chronological evidence supports that the abandonment in 1574 of the El Castellar village was at least partially motivated by a shift in the river channel toward the escarpment and the consequent landslide activity. Several lines of evidence support the concept whereby interstratal salt dissolution (halite and glauberite), here designated as subsurface solutional undermining, play a significant preparatory role for landslide development: (1) dissolution of salt close to the scarp by the inward advance of dissolution fronts and subsidence of the overlying strata; (2) collapsed fault blocks with no offset across the grabens; and (3) brine seepages and extensive efflorescences and precipitates of Na-sulfates and halite

A experi?ncia hist?rica dos estudantes do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria integrado ao Ensino M?dio nos contextos escolares do IFRS Campus ? Sert?o e do Instituto Educar - Polo Pont?o na perspectiva do ensino

This academic work has the objective of analyzing the educational process of the classes of Agricultural Technical Course Integrated to the High School of the IFRS ? Campus Sert?o and Instituto Educar ? Polo Pont?o, considering the historical experience, the teaching and the academic performance of the students. This objective aims to minimize everyday situations that influence disturbing data in the educational context such as avoidance, retention, disciplinary problems, the incompatibility of interests between students and the curriculum and the lack of sensitivity, through which we perceive the reading of the world and the trajectory of the students, among other conditions that should be considered in the school environment. Thus, this research is based on the foundations of the qualitative approach through participant research. Firstly, the exploratory phase begins, with reading of laws and normative documents of the schools and application of online questionnaire in order to obtain some general data of the students. Posteriorly, in the focal groups, deepens and is problematized, through the historical experiences of the students of the 3rd year of the Course, the world?s conception, work, agriculture, perspective of future, importance of the Course and how the school works with such factors that impact the teaching and learning process. As a result, it can be emphasized that the research provides a look at the totality of the school contexts involved as regards Professional Education and Field Education. This understanding evidences different objectives, expectations, levels of critic consciousness and the behavior of the students from their own historic experiences, which influences the teaching and learning. The school has an important role in this teaching and learning process that justifies the construction of a proposal for possible actions, emphasizing the results pointed out as the necessity of the practices in the disciplines, the relation of theory-practice and the importance of commitment of students arriving at school. Thereby, the possibility of other production models opens up facing the necessity of valorizing the knowledge that students bring to school, among others contained in this work.Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o processo educativo das turmas do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria integrado ao Ensino M?dio do IFRS ? Campus Sert?o e do Instituto Educar ? Polo Pont?o, considerando a experi?ncia hist?rica, o ensino e o desempenho acad?mico dos estudantes. Esse objetivo visa minimizar situa??es cotidianas que influenciam dados preocupantes do contexto educacional como a evas?o, a reten??o, os problemas disciplinares, a incompatibilidade de interesses entre estudantes e curr?culo e a falta de sensibilidade, por meio das quais percebemos a leitura de mundo e a trajet?ria dos discentes, entre outras condi??es que devem ser consideradas no ambiente escolar. Assim, esta pesquisa delineia-se a partir dos fundamentos da abordagem qualitativa por meio da pesquisa participante. Primeiramente, surge a fase explorat?ria, com leitura de legisla??es e documentos normativos das escolas e aplica??o de question?rio online, a fim de se obter alguns dados gerais dos estudantes. Posteriormente, nos grupos focais, aprofunda-se e se problematiza, por meio das experi?ncias dos estudantes do 3? ano do Curso, a concep??o de mundo, trabalho, agricultura, perspectiva de futuro, import?ncia do Curso e como a escola trabalha com tais fatores que impactam no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Como resultado, pode-se destacar que a pesquisa proporciona um olhar ? totalidade dos contextos escolares envolvidos no que diz respeito ? Educa??o Profissional e ? Educa??o do Campo. Esse entendimento evidencia diferentes objetivos, expectativas, n?veis de consci?ncia cr?tica e comportamentos dos estudantes a partir da experi?ncia hist?rica dos mesmos, que influenciam no ensino e na aprendizagem. A escola tem um papel important?ssimo nesse processo de ensino e aprendizagem, o que justifica a constru??o de uma proposta para poss?veis a??es, enfatizando os resultados apontados como a necessidade das pr?ticas nas disciplinas, a rela??o da teoria-pr?tica e a import?ncia do comprometimento com os estudantes que chegam ? escola. Desse modo, abre-se a possibilidade de outros modelos de produ??o como a Agroecologia e da necessidade de valoriza??o dos saberes que os estudantes trazem ? escola, entre outros contidos neste trabalho

Ebro Valley Gypsum Escarpment Near Zaragoza (NE Spain)—Combination of Highly Valuable Rock Record, Dynamic Geomorphosites and Associated Cultural Heritage

The 40-km-long escarpment of the Ebro River valley to the north-west of Zaragoza (NE Spain) is a remarkable geomorphological feature and an important geoheritage locality. Being 30 to 150 m high, the escarpment exposes a complex evaporate-clastic succession of Early to Middle Miocene age, with alternating gypsum and mudstone/marl units, as well as halite beds at depth. The escarpment is a highly dynamic feature, extensively shaped by mass movements of different types, especially in sections where it is directly undercut by the Ebro River. It also hosts abundant evidence of salt and gypsum dissolution, contributing to ongoing instability. Diverse cultural heritage is associated with the escarpment, including an ancient Celtiberian settlement, medieval castles, abandoned villages, rock-cut churches and dwellings and ancient salt mines. Twenty-six possible geosites are identified, with six considered as most representative described in detail. Opportunities to develop the area for geotourism are presented, but these will be associated with challenges of properly managing steep, dynamic and fragile terrain

Dynamic Weights in Gaussian Mixture Models: A Bayesian Approach

This paper proposes a generalization of Gaussian mixture models, where the mixture weight is allowed to behave as an unknown function of time. This model is capable of successfully capturing the features of the data, as demonstrated by simulated and real datasets. It can be useful in studies such as clustering, change-point and process control. In order to estimate the mixture weight function, we propose two new Bayesian nonlinear dynamic approaches for polynomial models, that can be extended to other problems involving polynomial nonlinear dynamic models. One of the methods, called here component-wise Metropolis-Hastings, apply the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to each local level component of the state equation. It is more general and can be used in any situation where the observation and state equations are nonlinearly connected. The other method tends to be faster, but is applied specifically to binary data (using the probit link function). The performance of these methods of estimation, in the context of the proposed dynamic Gaussian mixture model, is evaluated through simulated datasets. Also, an application to an array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) dataset from glioblastoma cancer illustrates our proposal, highlighting the ability of the method to detect chromosome aberrations

A LOGÍSTICA DE UMA MISSÃO DE PAZ: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO SAARA OCIDENTAL

This is a case study that reflects on the complexity of logistics activity in the context of a peace operation. A preliminary synthesis is made on the Western Sahara issue, as well as a brief theoretical review of the concept of Military Logistics. The logistics of the main participants of the conflict are analyzed: the Royal Army of Morocco, the Polisario Front and MINURSO. The approaches are essentially different: national logistics, "survival" logistics and international logistics.Trata-se de estudo de caso que reflete sobre a complexidade da atividade logística no contexto de uma operação de paz. É feita uma síntese preliminar acerca da questão do Saara Ocidental, assim como breve revisão teórica sobre o conceito de Logística Militar. São analisadas as logísticas dos principais participantes do conflito: o Exército Real do Marrocos, a Frente Polisário e a MINURSO. Verifica-se que as abordagens são essencialmente distintas: logística nacional, logística "de sobrevivência" e logística internacional