205 research outputs found
Immigrants`s acculturation and chanes in body mass index
We study Body Mass Index (BMI) changes among immigrants from Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Vietnam relative to native Norwegians in Oslo. We test a symmetric convergence hypothesis: irrespective of whether an immigrantâs initial BMI is lower or higher than a native Norwegian, acculturation should make the difference in BMI between an immigrant and a native smaller. Convergence is driven by acculturation, which is measured by immigrantsâ language skills. Our data come from two surveys in Oslo 2000-2002. Weights and heights were measured at the surveys; participants were asked to recall weights when they were 25 years old. Norwegian language skills and various socio-economic data were collected. We use multivariate regression analysis. Our findings broadly support the symmetric convergence hypothesis. Proficiency in the Norwegian language tends to make immigrantsâ BMI, particularly among females, more equal to native Norwegians. Immigrantsâ time of residency has been found to have no impact on changes in BMI.Obesity; Body Mass Index (BMI); immigrants; acculturation; Norway;
Kunnskapsgrunnlag til ny handlingsplan for bedre kosthold. En oppsummering av hva som er dokumentert som mest effektive tiltak for ĂĽ fremme et sunt kosthold
Som del av forberedelsene til Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets "Handlingsplan for bedre kosthold" ble vi bedt om ĂĽ oppdatere kunnskapsgrunnlaget for de norske kostholdsanbefalingene fra 2011. Dette er ĂŠn av to rapporter
The Oslo Health Study: A Dietary Index Estimating Frequent Intake of Soft Drinks and Rare Intake of Fruit and Vegetables Is Negatively Associated with Bone Mineral Density
Background.
Since nutritional factors may affect bone mineral
density (BMD), we have investigated
whether BMD is associated with an index estimating
the intake of soft drinks, fruits, and vegetables. Methods.
BMD was measured in
distal forearm in a subsample of the population-based Oslo Health
Study. 2126 subjects had both valid BMD
measurements and answered all the questions
required for calculating a Dietary
Index = the sum of intake estimates of
colas and non-cola beverages divided by the sum
of intake estimates of fruits and vegetables. We
did linear regression analyses to study whether
the Dietary Index and the single food items
included in the index were associated with BMD.
Results. There was a consistent
negative association between the Dietary Index
and forearm BMD. Among the single index
components, colas and non-cola soft drinks were
negatively associated with BMD. The negative
association between the Dietary Index and BMD
prevailed after adjusting for gender, age, and
body mass index, length of education, smoking,
alcohol intake, and physical activity.
Conclusion. An index reflecting
frequent intake of soft drinks and rare intake
of fruit and vegetables was inversely related to
distal forearm bone mineral
density
Pakistanis living in Oslo have lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels but higher serum ionized calcium levels compared with ethnic Norwegians. The Oslo Health Study
Background
Persons of Pakistani origin living in Oslo have a much higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism but similar bone mineral density compared with ethnic Norwegians. Our objective was to investigate whether Pakistani immigrants living in Oslo have an altered vitamin D metabolism by means of compensatory higher serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (s-1,25(OH)2D) compared with ethnic Norwegians; and whether serum levels of ionized calcium (s-Ca2+) differ between Pakistanis and Norwegians.
Methods
In a cross-sectional, population-based study venous serum samples were drawn from 94 Pakistani men and 67 Pakistani women aged 30â60 years, and 290 Norwegian men and 270 Norwegian women aged 45â60 years; in total 721 subjects.
Results
Pakistanis had lower s-1,25(OH)2D compared with Norwegians (p < 0.001). Age- and gender adjusted mean (95% CI) levels were 93 (86, 99) pmol/l in Pakistanis and 123 (120, 126) pmol/l in Norwegians, p < 0.001. The difference persisted after controlling for body mass index. There was a positive relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and s-1,25(OH)2D in both groups. S-Ca2+ was higher in Pakistanis; age-adjusted mean (95% CI) levels were 1.28 (1.27, 1.28) mmol/l in Pakistanis and 1.26 (1.26, 1.26) mmol/l in Norwegians, p < 0.001. In both groups, s-Ca2+ was inversely correlated to serum intact parathyroid hormone levels (s-iPTH). For any s-iPTH, s-Ca2+ was higher in Pakistanis, also when controlling for age.
Conclusion
Community-dwelling Pakistanis in Oslo with low vitamin D status and secondary hyperparathyroidism have lower s-1,25(OH)2D compared with ethnic Norwegians. However, the Pakistanis have higher s-Ca2+. The cause of the higher s-Ca2+ in Pakistanis in spite of their higher iPTH remains unclear
Risk factors for knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis, a population based, prospective cohort study of 315,495 individuals
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common and disabling condition. We wanted to investigate the modifiable risk factors Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, using knee replacement (KR) as a marker for severely symptomatic disease, focusing on the interaction between these risk factors. Methods: 315,495 participants (mean age 43.0 years) from national health screenings were followed prospectively with respect to KR identified by linkage to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Data were analysed by Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: During 12 years of follow up 1,323 individuals received KR for primary OA. There was a doseâresponse relationship between BMI and heavy labour, and later KR. Comparing the highest versus the lowest quarter of BMI, the relative risk was 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2-9.0) in men and 11.1 (95% CI: 7.8-15.6) in women. Men reporting intensive physical activity at work had a relative risk of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.8-3.2) versus men reporting sedentary activity at work, the corresponding figure in women being 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7-3.2). The effect of BMI and physical activity at work was additive. The heaviest men with the most strenuous work had a RR of 11.7 (95% CI: 5.9-23.1) compared to the ones with the lowest BMI and most sedentary work. For women the corresponding RR was 15.8 (95% CI: 8.2-30.3). There was no association between physical activity during leisure and KR. Conclusion: We found that a high BMI and intensive physical activity at work both contribute strongly to the risk of having a KR. As the two risk factors seem to act independently, people with strenuous physical work with a high BMI are at particularly high risk for severely disabling OA of the knee, and should be targeted with effective preventive measures.publishedVersio
Vitamin D - a systematic literature review for the 5th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
Peer reviewe
Individual Variation in Adaptive Immune Responses and Risk of Hip Fracture-A NOREPOS Population-Based Cohort Study
Immuneâmediated bone loss significantly impacts fracture risk in patients with autoimmune disease, but to what extent individual variations in immune responses affect fracture risk on a population level is unknown. To examine how immune responses relate to risk of hip fracture, we looked at the individual variation in a postâvaccination skin test response that involves some of the immune pathways that also drive bone loss. From 1963 to 1975, the vast majority of the Norwegian adult population was examined as part of the compulsory nationwide Norwegian mass tuberculosis screening. These examinations included standardized tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). Our study population included young individuals (born 1940 to 1960 and aged 14 to 30âyears at examination) who had all received Bacille CalmetteâGuerin (BCG) vaccination after a negative TST at least 1 year prior and had no signs of tuberculosis upon clinical examination. The study population ultimately included 244,607 individuals, whose data were linked with a national database of all hospitalized hip fractures in Norway from 1994 to 2013. There were 3517 incident hip fractures during followâup. Using a predefined Cox model, we found that men with a positive or a strong positive TST result had a 20% (hazard ratio [HR] =â1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01â1.44) and 24% (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.03â1.49) increased risk of hip fracture, respectively, compared with men with a negative TST. This association was strengthened in sensitivity analyses. Total hip bone mineral density (BMD) was available for a limited subsample and similarly revealed a nonâsignificantly reduced BMD among men with a positive TST. Interestingly, no such clear association was observed in women. An increased immune response after vaccination is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture decades later among men, possibly because of increased immuneâmediated bone loss. Š 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)
National monitoring of iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status in toddlers and women of childbearing age - results and lessons learned from a pilot study in Norway
BACKGROUND
Norway is lacking a population-based national monitoring program for iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to pilot-test a study design for collecting biological samples from a country-representative sample of 2-year-old children and their mothers and to report results for iodine, salt, and vitamin D at baseline, before initiation of salt iodization in Norway.
DESIGN
In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 2-year-old children and their mothers during the routine 2-year check-up through 38 randomly selected health clinics in 2021. Spot urine samples were analyzed for iodine, creatinine, and sodium, and dried blood spots from the mothers were analyzed for thyroglobulin (Tg) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).
RESULTS
We aimed at including 400 mother-child pairs but recruited only 55 pairs. Major challenges were closed health clinics due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of motivation of the health personnel to prioritize recruiting, missing information about non-participation, and high workload for participants. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 123 (95% CI: 76, 228) Âľg/L in the toddlers and 83 (95% CI: 72, 99) Âľg/L in the mothers. The median urinary sodium concentration (UNaC) was 62 (95% CI: 37, 91) mmol/L in the toddlers and 93 (95% CI: 77, 107) mmol/L in the mothers. Of the mothers, 18% had levels of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L (suboptimal status).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Lessons learned from the pilot study will be used to design a national monitoring program for toddlers and women of childbearing age in Norway. The results indicate that 2-year-old children and women of childbearing age in Norway may have inadequate iodine intakes at the group level, while for vitamin D, most of the mothers had adequate status
The association between alcohol consumption and risk of hip fracture differs by age and gender in Cohort of Norway: a NOREPOS study
Under embargo until: 13.07.2019Summary: The association between alcohol consumption and hip fracture differed by gender: Men aged 30â59 years drinking frequently or 14+ gl/week had higher risk than moderate drinkers. No significant association was seen in older men. Women not drinking alcohol had higher risk than those drinking moderately both regarding frequency and amount. Introduction: We aimed to examine alcohol consumption and risk of hip fracture according to age and gender in the population-based Cohort of Norway (1994â2003). Methods: Socio-demographics, lifestyle, and health were self-reported and weight and height were measured in 70,568 men and 71,357 women âĽâ30 years. Information on subsequent hip fractures was retrieved from hospitalsâ electronic patient registries during 1994â2013. Frequency of alcohol consumption was categorized: never/seldom, moderate (â¤â2â3 times/week), or frequent (âĽâ4 times/week), and amount as number of glasses per week: 0, 1â6, 7â13, 14â27, and 28+. Type of alcohol (wine vs. beer/hard liquor) was also examined. Coxâs proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) stratified on gender and baseline age <â60 and âĽâ60 years. Results: During median 15-year follow-up, 1558 men and 2511 women suffered a hip fracture. Using moderate drinkers as reference, men <â60 years drinking frequently had multivariable adjusted HRâ=â1.73 (CI 1.02â2.96) for hip fracture and more than 2.5 times higher risk if they consumed 14+ glasses compared to 1â6 glasses per week. In other groups of age and gender, no statistically significant increased risk was found in those consuming the highest levels of alcohol. Compared to women with moderate or frequent alcohol use, never/seldom-drinking women had the highest fracture risk. In women, use of wine was associated with lower fracture risk than other types of alcohol. Conclusions: Risk of hip fracture was highest in men <â60 years with the highest frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and in non-drinking women.acceptedVersio
Vitamin D with Calcium reduces mortality: patient level pooled analysis of 70,528 patients from eight major vitamin D trials
Introduction: Vitamin D may affect multiple health outcomes. If so, an effect on mortality is to be expected. Using pooled data from randomized controlled trials, we performed individual patient data (IPD) and trial level meta-analyses to assess mortality among participants randomized to either vitamin D alone or vitamin D with calcium.
Subjects and Methods: Through a systematic literature search, we identified 24 randomized controlled trials reporting data on mortality in which vitamin D was given either alone or with calcium. From a total of 13 trials with more than 1000 participants each, eight trials were included in our IPD analysis. Using a stratified Cox regression model, we calculated risk of death during 3 yr of treatment in an intention-to-treat analysis. Also, we performed a trial level meta-analysis including data from all studies.
Results: The IPD analysis yielded data on 70,528 randomized participants (86.8% females) with a median age of 70 (interquartile range, 62â77) yr. Vitamin D with or without calcium reduced mortality by 7% [hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88â0.99]. However, vitamin D alone did not affect mortality, but risk of death was reduced if vitamin D was given with calcium (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84â0.98). The number needed to treat with vitamin D plus calcium for 3 yr to prevent one death was 151. Trial level meta-analysis (24 trials with 88,097 participants) showed similar results, i.e. mortality was reduced with vitamin D plus calcium (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88â0.99), but not with vitamin D alone (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91â1.06).
Conclusion: Vitamin D with calcium reduces mortality in the elderly, whereas available data do not support an effect of vitamin D alone
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