New forms of radio in Europe and in Finland

The aim of this Master's Thesis is to map out, what new and emerging technological advances are made in radio in Europe, what options are there, whether and how it is going to evolve and if this evolution may affect the listening experience and if it will, how. In addition to the technology itself, the technological process is an issue of both politics and economics. From the technological point of view, the study focuses in a limited set of the main new forms of radio in Europe: the digital radios, radio on the Internet and the hybrid radio formats. The predominant debate related to radio's technological process in Europe concerns the radio digitalisation project and whether digital radio format DAB (Digital audio broadcasting) will replace the analogue FM radio network. The theoretical framework of this study lies in the historical context of new mass media technologies and their diffusion to the society. The future of the radio as a broadcasting technology can be mirrored to its own history but also to several other broadcasting technologies and the socio-economical and political impacts of their introduction and diffusion to the mass media consumption. Also, recent studies and news articles concerning the current state of radio's technological process are an important part of creating a thorough image of how radio is evolving in each of the focus countries. The methodology of this study is a simplified version of the Delphi method commonly associated to the future studies: The study includes interviews with six experts from different European countries from specific different areas in order to cover all the necessary aspects radio's current state and possible futures. The focus countries represented in the study are the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, all with very different paths when it comes to the evolution of the radio. The findings of the study suggest that out of the six focus countries, five are all on their path to radio digitalisation. Norway is the first one to complete the shutdown of its FM network by the end of 2017. The Norwegian process is observed with anticipation by the countries still in earlier stages of the digitalisation. Finland is the only country within the group that has no plans when it comes to digital radio. The future of the radio in Europe is believed to be digital but also hybrid as internet- related services and features are introduced in various forms to the radio audiences. The Internet offers an additional service platform but, according to the experts interviewed, is not going to replace the traditional forms of radio. Whether the analogue radio will be completely replaced by the digital radio is still uncertain. It will however not happen before the 2030s

Muted by a crisis? COVID-19 and the long-term evolution of climate change newspaper coverage

The reasons for the emergence of environmental issues in public debate have been widely studied, while the reasons for the disappearance of environmental issues from the public agenda are researched to a far lesser extent. This article presents how the newspaper coverage of climate change has evolved in Finland. The study is based on long-term (1990–2020) data from the leading national-level newspaper. The climate coverage has been characterized by an increasing overall trend and remarkable fluctuations in the intensity of debate. The monthly coverage of climate change had four distinctive peak periods. The drops from peak levels are explained by several factors, such as the end of a specific news event or policy process (e.g., international climate policy meetings), lack of weather anomalies (e.g., normal winter weather and snow coverage), silence of key influencers (policy-makers, business elite), and news competition together with reporting fatigue following abundant climate coverage. The first months of the intense phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 showed a deep, but not unprecedented drop in climate coverage from the preceding peak level. The persistence of anthropogenic climate change, gradual mainstreaming of climate concerns across different societal sectors, and recent policy debates around so-called green or sustainable recovery suggest that climate coverage is not likely to be muted in the near future

Dark side of resilience: systemic unsustainability

Resilience is often presented as a championing solution for tackling the multi-level environmental, security, health, and financial threats facing the whole humanity or specific ecosystems, communities, institutions, or individuals. However, the popularity of the concept is not proof of its usefulness. Perhaps the greatest problem is that many of the current socio-ecological systems are operating in both resilient and unsustainable ways. The problem turns into a tragedy if resources are used to maintain or advance such unsustainable resilience. We provide a concise review of the use of the concept of resilience in multiple fields. We highlight the dominance of positive connotations of resilience, originating both from theoretical considerations and practice-oriented applications. This optimistic bias masks the fact that unsustainable systems and practices may be highly resilient. In turn, this can lead to poor understanding and inadequate management of risks related to the attempts to create sustainability innovations. We discuss how path-dependencies and shifting baselines can complicate sustainability initiatives. Managing resilience for sustainability involves defining which system states are desirable and managing the pressures that maintain desired and undesired system states. Our conclusion is that active efforts aimed for maintaining resilience should be initiated only if a thorough assessment has shown that the system under consideration can function in a sustainable way

Media and Climate Change Observatory Monthly Summary: Loud and Clear - Issue 92, August 2024

August media coverage of climate change or global warming in newspapers around the globe dropped 12% from July 2024. Meanwhile, coverage in August 2024 diminished 30% from August 2023 levels. Figure 1 shows trends in newspaper media coverage at the global scale &ndash; organized into seven geographical regions around the world &ndash; from January 2004 through August 2024.</p

Kustannusarviointi ilmastonmuutokseen liittyvästä toimimattomuudesta (KUITTI)

KUITTI-projektissa arvioitiin ilmastonmuutosriskien suoria ja välillisiä kustannuksia Suomelle, ennakoivan ja reaktiivisen sopeutumisen väliset erot huomioiden. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin ilmastonmuutoksen ja sopeutumisen taloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseen tarvittavan tiedon saatavuutta Suomessa sekä tuotettiin katsaus innovaatiotarpeista ja vaihtoehdoista, jotka palvelevat ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista. Merkittävimpien ilmastonmuutosvaikutusten tarkastelun perusteella valittiin jatkoanalyysejä varten toimialayhdistelmät, jotka olivat: rakennettu ympäristö erityisesti tulvariskien osalta, sähkönjakeluverkkojen häiriöt sekä erilaiset vaikutukset maa- ja metsätalouden tuotoksiin. Yhdistettyjen ilmasto- ja sosioekonomisten skenaarioiden SSP1-RCP2.6 ja SSP3-RCP4.5 perusteella arvioitiin tulevaisuuden taloudellisia riskitasoja valituille toimialoille sektorimalleilla vuodesta 2020 vuoteen 2070. Mallilaskelmien tulokset syötettiin kansalliseen makrotaloudelliseen malliin, jossa on alueellisia laajennuksia makrotaloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseksi. Lisäksi tehtiin kevyt tarkastelu matkailun, tieliikenteen, vesihuollosta sekä terveydenhuollon osalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksia Suomen kansainväliseen kilpailuasemaan analysoitiin globaalilla makrotaloudellisella mallilla. Lopuksi käytiin läpi mahdollisia merkittäviä vaihtoehtoja taloudellisesti kannattaville sopeutumisratkaisuille.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa.(tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä

Kustannusarviointi ilmastonmuutokseen liittyvästä toimimattomuudesta (KUITTI)

KUITTI-projektissa arvioitiin ilmastonmuutosriskien suoria ja välillisiä kustannuksia Suomelle, ennakoivan ja reaktiivisen sopeutumisen väliset erot huomioiden. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin ilmastonmuutoksen ja sopeutumisen taloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseen tarvittavan tiedon saatavuutta Suomessa sekä tuotettiin katsaus innovaatiotarpeista ja vaihtoehdoista, jotka palvelevat ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista. Merkittävimpien ilmastonmuutosvaikutusten tarkastelun perusteella valittiin jatkoanalyysejä varten toimialayhdistelmät, jotka olivat: rakennettu ympäristö erityisesti tulvariskien osalta, sähkönjakeluverkkojen häiriöt sekä erilaiset vaikutukset maa- ja metsätalouden tuotoksiin. Yhdistettyjen ilmasto- ja sosioekonomisten skenaarioiden SSP1-RCP2.6 ja SSP3-RCP4.5 perusteella arvioitiin tulevaisuuden taloudellisia riskitasoja valituille toimialoille sektorimalleilla vuodesta 2020 vuoteen 2070. Mallilaskelmien tulokset syötettiin kansalliseen makrotaloudelliseen malliin, jossa on alueellisia laajennuksia makrotaloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseksi. Lisäksi tehtiin kevyt tarkastelu matkailun, tieliikenteen, vesihuollosta sekä terveydenhuollon osalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksia Suomen kansainväliseen kilpailuasemaan analysoitiin globaalilla makrotaloudellisella mallilla. Lopuksi käytiin läpi mahdollisia merkittäviä vaihtoehtoja taloudellisesti kannattaville sopeutumisratkaisuille.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa.(tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä

New forms of radio in Europe and in Finland

The aim of this Master's Thesis is to map out, what new and emerging technological advances are made in radio in Europe, what options are there, whether and how it is going to evolve and if this evolution may affect the listening experience and if it will, how. In addition to the technology itself, the technological process is an issue of both politics and economics. From the technological point of view, the study focuses in a limited set of the main new forms of radio in Europe: the digital radios, radio on the Internet and the hybrid radio formats. The predominant debate related to radio's technological process in Europe concerns the radio digitalisation project and whether digital radio format DAB (Digital audio broadcasting) will replace the analogue FM radio network. The theoretical framework of this study lies in the historical context of new mass media technologies and their diffusion to the society. The future of the radio as a broadcasting technology can be mirrored to its own history but also to several other broadcasting technologies and the socio-economical and political impacts of their introduction and diffusion to the mass media consumption. Also, recent studies and news articles concerning the current state of radio's technological process are an important part of creating a thorough image of how radio is evolving in each of the focus countries. The methodology of this study is a simplified version of the Delphi method commonly associated to the future studies: The study includes interviews with six experts from different European countries from specific different areas in order to cover all the necessary aspects radio's current state and possible futures. The focus countries represented in the study are the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, all with very different paths when it comes to the evolution of the radio. The findings of the study suggest that out of the six focus countries, five are all on their path to radio digitalisation. Norway is the first one to complete the shutdown of its FM network by the end of 2017. The Norwegian process is observed with anticipation by the countries still in earlier stages of the digitalisation. Finland is the only country within the group that has no plans when it comes to digital radio. The future of the radio in Europe is believed to be digital but also hybrid as internet- related services and features are introduced in various forms to the radio audiences. The Internet offers an additional service platform but, according to the experts interviewed, is not going to replace the traditional forms of radio. Whether the analogue radio will be completely replaced by the digital radio is still uncertain. It will however not happen before the 2030s

Finnish Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2000-2022 - June 2022

The Media and Climate Change Observatory Data monitors 126 sources (across newspapers, radio and TV) in 58 countries in seven different regions around the world. Data is assembled by accessing archives through the Lexis Nexis, Proquest and Factiva databases via the University of Colorado libraries. More information may be found at: http://mecco.colorado.edu.</p

Finnish Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2000-2022 - July 2022

The Media and Climate Change Observatory Data monitors 126 sources (across newspapers, radio and TV) in 58 countries in seven different regions around the world. Data is assembled by accessing archives through the Lexis Nexis, Proquest and Factiva databases via the University of Colorado libraries. More information may be found at: http://mecco.colorado.edu.</p

Finnish Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2000-2023 - August 2023

The Media and Climate Change Observatory Data monitors 131 sources (across newspapers, radio and TV) in 59 countries in seven different regions around the world. Data is assembled by accessing archives through the Lexis Nexis, Proquest and Factiva databases via the University of Colorado libraries. More information may be found at: http://mecco.colorado.edu.</p