Antibacterial activity of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) (M. dubia) methanol extract, against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis).MethodsTwo methanol extracts of M. dubia were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and pulp. Ten independent tests were prepared for each type of extract, using 0.12% chlorhexidine solution as positive control. Agar diffusion test was used by preparing wells with the experimental solutions cultivated in anaerobic conditions for 48 h at 37 °C. Meanwhile, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the cytotoxic effect over MDCK cell line was found.ResultsA higher antibacterial effect was observed with the methanol seed extract with an inhibitory halo of (21.36 ± 6.35) mm and (19.21 ± 5.18) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The methanol extract of the pulp had an effect of (16.20 ± 2.08) mm and (19.34 ± 2.90) mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the pulp extract was 62.5 μg/mL for both strains, whereas for the seed antibacterial activity was observed even at low concentrations. The CC50 of the seeds extract was at a higher concentration than 800 μg/mL and 524.37 μg/mL for the pulp extract.ConclusionsThe experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanol extract of M. dubia against S. mutans and S. sanguinis. These extracts were not cytotoxic at high concentrations

Caracterización litogeoquímica y análisis correlacional de los intrusivos de las superunidades de Yarabamba y Challaviento en el sur del Perú

The constituents of superunits Yarabamba and Challaviento in southern Peru, according to its composition of major elements, minor and trace and graphing various intrusive rocks geochemical diagrams show that both superunits have a degree of evolution by fractional crystallization They are sub-alkaline nature and high K calc-alkaline seriesThe rocks are both superunits metaluminous nature. The contents of Sr and Rb indicate a strong assimilation and differentiation of magmas. The enrichment of LILE (<100) elements and an impoverishment of less HFSE elements 10, negative anomalies of Nb and positive anomalies of Th, Ce, indicate that both groups are related to intrusive tectonic plate subduction context. The chemical content of the SuperDrive Yarabamba and Challaviento Ce / and Ga / Al and Y, Y + Nb and Rb and Nb are due to contamination during crustal thickening during the Cretaceous-Neogene tectonic setting and is the Volcanic Arc granitoids (GAV).Las rocas intrusivas constituyentes de las Superunidades de Yarabamba y Challaviento en el sur del Perú, de acuerdo a su composición de elementos mayores, menores y trazas y su graficación en los diversos diagramas geoquímicos nos muestran que ambas Superunidades presentan un grado de evolución por cristalización fraccionada, son de naturaleza subalcalina y de la serie calcoalcalino de alto K.Las rocas de ambas Superunidades son de naturaleza metaluminosas. Los contenidos de Sr y Rb nos indican una fuerte asimilación y diferenciación de los magmas. El enriquecimiento de los elementos LILE (<100) y un empobrecimiento de elementos HFSE menor de 10, anomalías negativas de Nb y anomalías positivas de Th, Ce, nos indican que ambos grupos de intrusivos están relacionados a un marco tectónico de subducción de placas. Los contenidos químicos de la Superunidad Yarabamba y Challaviento Ce/y, Ga/Al e Y, Y+Nb y Rb y Nb se deban a la contaminación durante el engrosamiento de la corteza terrestre durante el Cretáceo-Neógeno y su ambiente tectónico es de los Granitoides de Arco Volcánico (GAV)

Existing antiviral vaccines

La innovación de las vacunas ha permitido uno de los mayores avances en la historia de la salud pública. La primera de las vacunas han sido las vacunas antivirales, en particular la vacuna contra la viruela que fue desarrollada por primera vez por Edward Jenner en 1796. Este artículo revisará la vacunación para las siguientes enfermedades virales: sarampión, paperas, rubéola, polio, hepatitis A, hepatitis B , influenza, rotavirus, rabia, viruela del simio, viruela, encefalitis japonesa y fiebre amarilla.The innovation of vaccines has allowed for one of the greatest advancements in the history of public health. The first of the vaccines have been the antiviral vaccines, in particular the smallpox vaccine that was first developed by Edward Jenner in 1796. This article will review vaccination for the following viral diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, rotavirus, rabies, monkeypox, smallpox, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever

Introducción a la Contabilidad - CA82 - 202102

Descripción: Curso de especialidad en la carrera de Contabilidad y Administración, de carácter teórico-práctico. Proporciona al estudiante una idea clara de los conceptos de administración, contabilidad, administración de recursos de la empresa, formas de registrar las diferentes transacciones realizadas por la empresa, de acuerdo a principios establecidos para finalmente obtener los estados financieros. Propósito: Dirigido a los estudiantes de primer ciclo, que desarrolla las competencias generales, en nivel 1, de Ciudadanía y Pensamiento Innovador. El estudiante también tendrá un concepto claro de la carrera de administración y contabilidad, cuáles son sus alcances y cuál es actualmente su campo de acción dentro de las organizaciones a nivel global. Introduce al estudiante en los conceptos básicos de contabilidad y administración, poniéndolos en contacto con profesionales que resaltarán las competencias que se esperan de ellos cuando culminen sus estudios, haciendo énfasis en la ética profesional y en la capacidad de trabajar en equipo. Este curso sienta las bases para el curso de Contabilidad General para los alumnos de la carrera Contabilidad y Administración

Antibacterial activity of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) (M. dubia) methanol extract, against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). Methods: Two methanol extracts of M. dubia were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and pulp. Ten independent tests were prepared for each type of extract, using 0.12% chlorhexidine solution as positive control. Agar diffusion test was used by preparing wells with the experimental solutions cultivated in anaerobic conditions for 48 h at 37 °C. Meanwhile, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the cytotoxic effect over MDCK cell line was found. Results: A higher antibacterial effect was observed with the methanol seed extract with an inhibitory halo of (21.36 ± 6.35) mm and (19.21 ± 5.18) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The methanol extract of the pulp had an effect of (16.20 ± 2.08) mm and (19.34 ± 2.90) mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the pulp extract was 62.5 μg/mL for both strains, whereas for the seed antibacterial activity was observed even at low concentrations. The CC50 of the seeds extract was at a higher concentration than 800 μg/mL and 524.37 μg/mL for the pulp extract. Conclusions: The experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanol extract of M. dubia against S. mutans and S. sanguinis. These extracts were not cytotoxic at high concentrations

Antibacterial activity of Bixa orellana L. (achiote) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Objective To evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L. (B. orellana) (achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). Methods Two methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK. Results A stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of (19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and (19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of (15.11 ± 1.03) mm and (16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively, and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 μg/mL. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 μg/mL for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively. Conclusions The experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana (achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations

Viremia in acute herpes zoster

A phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical antiviral, sorivudine, as an adjuvant to valacyclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 25 patients were treated with either sorivudine or placebo cream. All patients began 7 days of valacyclovir treatment on day 3. Zoster lesion swab samples and samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected periodically throughout the study and were analyzed for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA by use of both qualitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples collected periodically throughout the study were analyzed for VZV DNA by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. VZV DNA was detected in all 3 sample types, and the number of viral copies correlated with the progression of herpes zoster. No statistically significant differences were seen between the placebo- and sorivudine-treated groups with respect to clinical characteristics or laboratory test results. The detection of VZV DNA in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all 25 zoster patients documents that viremia is a common manifestation of herpes zoster. Sorivudine cream appears to be a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant therapy; however, further phase 2 studies are needed to determine its clinical efficacy for the treatment of herpes zoster. Trials registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00652184

Introducción a la Contabilidad - CA82 - 202101

Descripción: Curso de especialidad en la carrera de Contabilidad y Administración, de carácter teórico-práctico. Proporciona al estudiante una idea clara de los conceptos de administración, contabilidad, administración de recursos de la empresa, formas de registrar las diferentes transacciones realizadas por la empresa, de acuerdo a principios establecidos para finalmente obtener los estados financieros. Propósito: Dirigido a los estudiantes de primer ciclo, que desarrolla las competencias generales, en nivel 1, de Ciudadanía y Pensamiento Innovador. El estudiante también tendrá un concepto claro de la carrera de administración y contabilidad, cuáles son sus alcances y cuál es actualmente su campo de acción dentro de las organizaciones a nivel global. Introduce al estudiante en los conceptos básicos de contabilidad y administración, poniéndolos en contacto con profesionales que resaltarán las competencias que se esperan de ellos cuando culminen sus estudios, haciendo énfasis en la ética profesional y en la capacidad de trabajar en equipo. Este curso sienta las bases para el curso de Contabilidad General para los alumnos de la carrera Contabilidad y Administración