Linking community policing activities with social disorganization theory: Examples from Turkish National Police

Police departments in Turkey utilize community policing philosophy in an effort to create a social bond between police and the citizens they serve. Although Turkish National Police has a centralized organizational structure, the way community policing is implemented is not the same at every police department. Most police departments use project designs as means to create community policing programs. This study suggests implementing a community policing program by using social disorganization theory (SDT) as a theoretical framework. According to SDT, one of the major predictors of social control in a community is the level of control by the community over adolescent groups. It is argued that uncontrolled teenagers often turn into gang groups and display delinquent behaviors. Therefore, the community’s ability to supervise its teenagers is a way to stop the creation of gangs and delinquent behaviors. In explaining the linkage between social disorganization theory and different types of community policing implementations, Mardin Police Department’s project “Ideallerimizdeki yarinlar” is offered as a case study. This project enables young individuals to understand and value the importance of community involvement and hard work in creating a better future both for them and for their families

How Income Inequality Threatens Democracy

The article discusses income inequality and unregulated neoliberal markets as internal threats to democracy. Based on a profound understanding of liberal democracies, the assumption that economic and political liberalism are one and the same and the latter does not need any protection against the former lead to a situation where political liberalism is being hurt, challenged and its very existence is threatened by unchecked economic liber­alism. The biggest internal - direct and indirect - threats towards democracy are stemming from unchecked unregulated neoliberalism

Models of the internal colonialism and ethnic relations: The case of Cubans and Puerto Ricans in the United States

The United States is a very good example of a multiethnic society by having large groups of people from more than eleven different ethnic origins. Some of these groups were voluntarily integrated into American society, whereas others were forced in by involuntary means. Notwithstanding the fact that they have all faced social barriers, the barriers themselves have differed significantly based on the group’s ethnic identities, cultures, social standings, and many other features. This study examines two of those ethnic groups namely the Cuban and the Puerto Rican Americans’ standing in the U.S.. To do this, the researcher utilized the internal colonialism model and Aguirre& Turner’s model of ethnic relations. Both models explain, to some extent, the situation of these minority groups in the U.S

IVIG- responsive multiple cranial neuropathy: a pharyngo-facial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome

We report a case with symptoms of facial swelling, bilateral facial paralysis, dysphagia and aspiration. On electrophysiological studies, the right facial nerve was not excitable. The left facial nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude was severely dispersed and latency was mildly prolonged, consistent with demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid examinations were normal. Antiganglioside antibodies and tumor markers were negative. Bickerstaff brainstem. encephalitis, stoke, diabetes mellitus, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, trauma, infectious diseases, toxicity, neoplasm, facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) and other degenerative diseases were excluded. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resolved symptoms of lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Clinically incomplete improvement of bilateral facial paralysis was observed. We conclude that IVIg therapy may improve the symptoms of multiple cranial nerve palsies clue to pharyngo-facial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome

Self-Assembled Short Peptide Nanostructures: ‘’Dipeptides’’

Dipeptides are short peptide molecules formed by the peptide bond between two amino acids, and they play significant roles in various biological processes (such as protein synthesis, nutrient absorption, cellular signaling, immune response). Short peptides have a prominent place in the design of self-assembling materials. In particular, dipeptides have gained considerable attention in the field of biotechnology as a type of self-organizing nanostructure due to their low cost, simplicity of synthesis, biocompatibility, and tunability of functionality. However, there is limited knowledge about peptide and protein-based nanostructures in the literature. Therefore, more information is needed on dipeptide nanostructures, especially in terms of their potential applications for biomedical purposes. This review focuses on dipeptide nanostructures, particularly their potential uses in biomedical applications, and provides a broader perspective on the advantages, challenges, synthesis, interactions, and applications of these nanostructures

Inhibition of bacterial adhesion by epigallocatechin gallate attached polymeric membranes

Microbial adhesion and formation of biofilms cause a serious problem in several areas including but not limited to food spoilage, industrial corrosion and nosocomial infections. These microbial biofilms pose a serious threat to human health since microbial communities in the biofilm matrix are protected with exopolymeric substances and difficult to eradicate with antibiotics. Hence, the prevention of microbial adhesion followed by biofilm formation is one of the promising strategies to prevent these consequences. The attachment of antimicrobial agents, coatings of nanomaterials and synthesis of hybrid materials are widely used approach to develop surfaces having potential to hinder bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. In this study, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is attached on p(HEMA-co-GMA) membranes to prevent the bacterial colonization. The attachment of EGCG to membranes was proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthesized membrane showed porous structure (SEM), and desirable swelling degree, which are ideal when it comes to the application in biotechnology and biomedicine. Furthermore, EGCG attached membrane showed significant potential to prevent the microbial colonization on the surface. The obtained results suggest that EGCG attached polymer could be used as an alternative approach to prevent the microbial colonization on the biomedical surfaces, food processing equipment as well as development of microbial resistant food packaging systems

The contraception methods preferred bywomen who demand legal abortion and their attitude about contraception methods following ınduced abortion ın Aydın.

Amaç : Aydın'da yasal tahliye amacıyla başvuran kadınların kontraseptif kullanım özelliklerini ve tahliye sonrasında kullanmayı düşündükleri kontraseptif yöntem hakkındaki fikirlerini öğrenmek için yapılan tanımlayıcı bir anket çalışması. Yöntem : Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı ve Aydın Doğum ve Çocuk Bakımevi Hastanesi Aile Planlaması Polikliniği`nde rastgele günlerde yasal gebelik tahliyesi amacıyla başvuran 107 kadın ile tahliye öncesinde yüz yüze görüşme yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı bulgular aritmetik ortalama ± standart sapma ve yüzde değerleri ile verildi. Bulgular : Çalışmaya alınan kadınların gebe kaldıklarında kullandıkları yöntemler: 21'i (%20) korunmamış, 71'i (%66) geri çekme, 11'i (%10) takvim yöntemi, 3'ü (%3) kılıf ve 1'i (%1) rahim içi araç (RıA). Bundan sonra nasıl korunmayı düşündükleri sorulduğunda, 48'i (%44) RıA, 22'si (%20) hap, 8'i (%8) tüp bağlatma, 8'i (%8) kılıf, 2'si (%2) enjeksiyon, 2'si (%2) geri çekme yöntemini tercih edeceklerini ve 17'si (%16) ise henüz bir tercihi olmadığını ifade etmiştir. Sonuç : Yasal tahliye sonrası danışmanlık çok büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Evlilik öncesinde rutine girecek bir danışmanlık hizmetine gereksinim vardır. Yasal tahliye için başvuran kadınlar yasal tahliyeyi halen bir aile planlaması yöntemi olarak görmektedir. Temel çözüm etkili alternatif yöntemler önermek ve kullandıkları yöntemlerle ilgili karşılaşılan sorunlara yönelik bilgilendirmede bulunmaktır. Aile Planlaması hizmetlerinin organizasyonunda hizmet sonrası danışmanlık gerekli ve zorunlu bir örgütlenmedir.Objective: This descriptive study was designedto determine the contraception method preferred by womenwho demand legal abortion and their attitude about contraception methods following legal abortion inAydın. Methods: Hundred and seven women admitted to Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Aydın Maternity and Childcare Hospital for legal abortion participated in this questionnaire on random days. The questionnaire was filled out by interview. The descriptive results were analyzed and obtained in the format of average ± standard deviation and a percent ratio. Results: The methods used by women at the time they got pregnant were as follows; 21 (20%) no method, 71 (66%)coitus interruptus, 11 (10%) calendarmethod, 3 (3%)condomand 1 (1%) intrauterine device (IUD).Atthe time of procedure, the contraception methods they would prefer following induced abortion were as follows, 48 (44%) iUD, 22 (20%) oral contraceptive steroid pills, 8 (8%) surgical sterilization, 8 (8%) condom, 2 (2%) oral contraceptive steroid injections, 2 (2%) coitus interruptus and 17(16%) no decision. Conclusion: Counseling for family planning is gaining more importance following legal abortion. Routine pre-marriage counseling for family planning is necessary. Women participated in this study still think that legal abortion is a family planning method. A major solution would be advising alternative effective methods and informing women about the pitfalls of the methods they were using. Follow-up counseling for family planning services is amandatory component ofthe organization

Blood transfusion in obstetricks and gynecology

Amaç: Ilimizde bulunan üniversite ve dogum hastanelerinin verilerini kullanarak kadın hastalıkları ve dogum servislerinde yapılan kan transfüzyonları hakkında bilgi saglamak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ilimiz hastanelerinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Dogum servislerinde Ocak 2005 ileAgustos 2006 tarihleri arasındaki 20 aylık transfüzyon kayıtları geriye dönük tarandı. Bu sürede dogum servisleri ile erken gebelik ve jinekoloji servisleri degerlendirildi. Bu servislerde kaç hastaya kan ürünü verildigi ve miktarı belirlendi, dogum sayıları dogum sekline bakılmaksızın kaydedildi. Erken gebelik müdahaleleri ve jinekolojik hasta olarak bu servislere yatırılıp ameliyat edilen veya invaziv girisimde bulunulan hasta sayıları da saptandı. Sadece tıbbi tedavi gören hastalar bu çalısmanın dısında tutuldu. Her iki hastanenin transfüzyon hızları, kan ürünü çesidi kullanımı özellikleri, toplam transfüzyon miktarları, yıllık ihtiyaçları, transfüzyon yapılan olgularda hasta basına transfüzyon miktarları belirlendi. Yine her gruptan 100 hasta için ihtiyaç duyulan miktarlar hesaplandı.Bu incelemeler yine tüm olguları kapsayacak sekilde irdelendi. Iki hastane degerlerini karsılastırmak için iki örnek oranının karsılastırılması yapıldı. Bulgular: Bu çalısmada dogum hastaları, erken gebelik veya jinekolojik hastalıklar nedeniyle invaziv girisim yapılmıs 10.149 hasta saptandı. Bunların 954'üne (%9,4) kan ürünü verildi. Hasta basına ortalama 2 ünite transfüzyon yapıldıgı, her 100 hasta için 18,3 ünite kan ürünü gerektigi belirlendi. Hem dogum hastaları hem diger hastalar için üniversite hastanesinde daha az oranda hastaya ancak hasta basına daha çok miktarda kan verilmesi gerektigi saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Kadın hastalıkları ve dogum servislerinde girisim ve müdahale yapılan hastalarda kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu önemli bir oranda gerçeklestirilmektedir. Kan ürünlerinin ayrıstırılması tam kan kullanım oranını azaltacaktır.Purpose: Using data from a university and a maternity hospital in our province, we aimed to report on the practice of blood use. Material and Methods: Data between January 2005 and August 2006 were retrospectively obtained from the archives of the obstetrics and gynecology clinics from two hospitals. The data of obstetrics clinics and early pregnancy and gynecology clinics were evaluated seperately. Patients treated medically were excluded. Transfusion rates, type of blood product rates, total and annual uses, requirements for every 100 patients and amounts of transfusion per patient were calculated. Two-sample ratio-test was used for comparison of the data from two hospitals. Results: There are 10149 patients who had delivered or experienced any invasive procedures, and 954 (9.4%) of them had been transfused. The amount of blood products transfused was at an average of 2 units per patient. The requirement for every 100 patients was 18.3 units of blood products in these two hospitals. More blood was used per patient in the university hospital, although the transfusion rate was lower than the maternity hospital's (p<0.05). Conclusion: Transfusions of blood and use of blood products are quite common in the practice of obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Providing blood products would reduce the use of whole blood

Amel-ü Ehli’l-Medine anlayışının İmam Malik’in fıkıh doktrinine etkileri

İmam Mâlik hicrî ikinci asırda Medîne fıkhının en önemli temsilcisidir. Hocalarından devraldığı Medinelilerin uygulaması anlayışını geliştirmiş ve bu usûlü en fazla kullanan kişi olduğu için "Amel-ü ehli'l-Medîne" anlayışı onunla birlikte anılır olmuştur. Gerek İmam Mâlik döneminde gerekse sonraki asırlarda İmam Mâlik'in fıkhının temelini oluşturan bu konu tartışılmıştır. Mâlik taraftarları onun görüşlerini inceleyerek Medinelilerin uygulaması anlayışını açıklamaya çalışmış muhalifleri ise kimi zaman çok acımasız bir şekilde bu anlayışı eleştirmiştir. Medinelilerin uygulaması ve icmâ'ı anlayışı Mâlik'in fıkıh doktrininde büyük ölçüde etkili olmuştur. Çünkü ona göre bu uygulamalar aslında Hz. Peygamber'in sünnetine dayanır hatta mütevatir bir yapı arz eder. Kur'an, sünnet ve bu iki kaynaktan içtihat yoluyla elde edilen sonuçlar Amel-ü ehli'l-Medîne'yi şekillendiren temel unsurlardır. İlk iki neslin görüş ve uygulamaları ile maslahat düşüncesi de bu anlayışın oluşumuna büyük katkı sağlamıştır. İmam Mâlik'in amel-ü ehli'l-Medîne anlayışında, uygulama ile rivayetler arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki söz konusudur; a. Rivayetler uygulamayı şekillendirir, b. Uygulama rivayetlerin değerlendirilmesinde ve buna bağlı olarak söz konusu rivayetlerle amel edilip edilemeyeceğinin belirlenmesinde etkili olur. Al-Imam Malik is the most important representative for Madinan Jurisprudence at the second century after Hicret. He developed the theory of Madinan Amal which he took it over from his scholars. He used this theory very much therefore the Madinan Amal was mentioned with his name. Whether at the period of Al-Imam Malik or after this period, the theory which is the base for Madinan Jurisprudence was discussed too much. Followers of Al-Imam Malik analyzed the theory and tried to explain his opinions. On the other side those who oppose to his theory made merciless critiques. Madinan Amal and Understanding of Ijma were very effective on Madinan Jurisprudence. According to him these practices were based on Sunnah and at the structure of Mutawatir. Quran, Sunnah and outcomes derived by İjtihads from these two sources are main elements of Madinan Amal. Opinions and practices of first two generation and Maslahat thoughts are most supportive to this theory. According to Madinan Amal theory of Al-Imam Malik, there are mutual relationship between the practices and hearsays (Rivayet): a) Rivayets shapes the practices, b) Practices has an effective role for evaluating Rivayets whether it is valuable to act or not

Magnetic dye-affinity beads for human serum albumin purification

WOS: 000291526400007PubMed: 21660868Cibacron Blue F3GA was covalently attached onto magnetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (mPVAL) beads (100-150m in diameter) for human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption from human plasma. Despite low nonspecific adsorption of HSA on mPVAL beads, Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment significantly increased the HSA adsorption. The maximum HSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0. Higher HSA adsorption was observed from human plasma. Desorption of HSA from mPVAL beads was achieved by medium containing 1.0M KSCN at pH 8.0. To test the efficiency of albumin adsorption from human serum, before and after albumin adsorption was demonstrated with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses. HSA molecules could be reversibly adsorbed and desorbed 10 times with the magnetic beads without noticeable loss in their HSA adsorption capacity