Oscillatory convection in binary mixtures: thermodiffusion, solutal buoyancy, and advection

The role of thermodiffusive generation of concentration fluctuations via the Soret effect, their contribution to the buoyancy forces that drive convection, the advective mixing effect of the latter, and the diffusive homogenisation are compared and elucidated for oscillatory convection. Numerically obtained solutions of the field equations in the form of spatially extended relaxed traveling waves, of standing waves, and of the transient growth of standing waves and their transition to traveling waves are discussed as well as spatially localized convective states of traveling waves that are surrounded by the quiescent fluid.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure

Digital Marketing Mix Strategies in the Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe: A Masvingo Tourism Destination Perspective

Digitalization is considered as the veritable vehicle of transformation for the tourism industry marketing in this age of the internet economy. It influences all business marketing processes before, during and after a tourism trip in a profoundly revolutionary way. Information distribution is quicker, better, and cheaper regardless of geographical and time limitation due to digitalization. The digital marketing mix, which consists of eproduct, eprice, eplace, epromotion, eprocess, epeople, and ephysical evidence, is a powerful tool in revolutionizing tourism marketing management globally including in Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to examine the level of use and adoption of digital marketing mix strategies in the tourism industry’s accommodation sector in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. This study adopted a qualitative research design approach with twenty purposively selected key informants from the tourism industry in and around Masvingo Urban. The sample had managers and marketing managers of hotels and lodges who were respondents in the study. Interviews and analysis of digital platforms were the data collection methods. Data was thematically analyzed. The major finding is that the level of adoption and use of digital marketing mix strategies is varied and generally low. Most players still rely more on the traditional analogue marketing mix strategies. The paper recommends the tourism industry in Masvingo to fully adopt and utilize digital marketing mix strategies for them to achieve customer satisfaction and profitability

FACTORS INFLUENCING TOURISM DEMAND FOR MASVINGO PROVINCE IN ZIMBABWE

The demand for tourism in Masvingo Province (Zimbabwe) is influenced by various factors which are discussed in this paper. The article seeks to examine these factors with a view to providing recommendations for increased tourism demand for the province. Since tourism is regarded as a low hanging fruit in Zimbabwe, these recommendations are quite significant. Broadly two main factors influence tourism in a country. They include economic and social-psychological factors. Economic factors include: disposable income, gross national product per capita (GNP), private consumption, cost of living, tourism prices/costs, costs of living of destinations, exchange rate differentials, relative prices among competing destinations, promotional expenditure, marketing effectiveness and physical distance. On the other hand, the social-psychological factors include: demographic, motivational, travel preferences, benefits sought, images of destinations awareness of opportunities, cognitive distances, attitudes, amount of leisure time, paid vacations, past experience, health and safety considerations and the like.  Article visualizations

A computational analysis of hedging in English to Polish translations of film subtitles.

openThe thesis presents a new pragmatic annotation scheme for the phenomenon of hedging which allows for a computational analysis of its occurrences in English and Polish film subtitles. First and foremost, the definition of the concept of hedging is provided, as well as an overview of its evolution within linguistic studies and its several classifications. The general notions concerning linguistic annotation and parallel corpora are discussed in the following sections, along with some references to the relevance of a computational analysis to other fields of study, such as computer-assisted translation. The second chapter introduces the Opensubtitles and the ParTy corpora and explains the selection of texts which, having been converted into CONLL-U format, are subsequently the object of a quantitative and contrastive analysis of various occurrences of hedges in English original material and its Polish translation. Thus assembled evidence constitutes the basis for the development of a pragmatic annotation scheme specific to hedges. Lastly, the application of the aforementioned scheme to the chosen texts allows for a more thorough analysis and discussion of certain cases presenting the phenomenon in question. The thesis ends with some considerations on the value of the annotation scheme for future study.The thesis presents a new pragmatic annotation scheme for the phenomenon of hedging which allows for a computational analysis of its occurrences in English and Polish film subtitles. First and foremost, the definition of the concept of hedging is provided, as well as an overview of its evolution within linguistic studies and its several classifications. The general notions concerning linguistic annotation and parallel corpora are discussed in the following sections, along with some references to the relevance of a computational analysis to other fields of study, such as computer-assisted translation. The second chapter introduces the Opensubtitles and the ParTy corpora and explains the selection of texts which, having been converted into CONLL-U format, are subsequently the object of a quantitative and contrastive analysis of various occurrences of hedges in English original material and its Polish translation. Thus assembled evidence constitutes the basis for the development of a pragmatic annotation scheme specific to hedges. Lastly, the application of the aforementioned scheme to the chosen texts allows for a more thorough analysis and discussion of certain cases presenting the phenomenon in question. The thesis ends with some considerations on the value of the annotation scheme for future study

The relation marketing through the era of digitalisation:social media and endorsement strategy

Abstract. Relation marketing might be one of the most important components of the marketing mix. However, the digitalization of advertisements and customers changed the way of brand-customer interactions. This new trend obliges brands to adjust their strategy. To do so, companies hire influencers (which are closer to their target audience) to promote their products and services in the hope it will be beneficial. In our research paper, we propose to analyze and update previous theories about endorsement and draw the future of relation marketing as an opening. To do so, we compiled previous theories in our research paper and we set five hypotheses representing the five main theories about endorsement. Those theories have been checked by a sample consisting of hundred people from all generations in a survey we conducted. Thanks to this survey, we found out that two of the previous theories remain currently correct, we also found out that one was partially correct and we refuted two theories which seem to not remain correct. Our findings provide updated theories. This is especially important for people who are questioning what they should do about an endorser and what kind of strategy to set to get a good relation marketing through the endorser parameters

Is durum wheat-winter pea intercropping efficient to reduce pests and diseases ?

Intercropping (IC) is known as an agricultural practice which can improve the use of environmental resources (light, nutrients and water) resulting in yield advantages compared to sole cropping (SC) (Willey, 1979) particularly in low input systems. But, diseases ands pests can strongly affect both yield and grain quality in such systems. Now, numerous studies have shown significant reductions in harmful insects and on diseases in IC compared to SC of the same species (Vandermeer, 1989; Kinane and Lyngkjaer, 2002) even if others studies did not confirmed these foundings. The aim of our study was to evaluate the assumption that IC can reduce pea pests (green aphids and weevils), pea ascochyta and main durum wheat diseases (mildew, brown rust, fusarium and septoria)

CHALLENGES OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN ZIMBABWE BETWEEN 1960 AND 2000

This paper examines the main challenges which confronted Zimbabwe’s tourism sector between 1960 and 2000. The Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 led to the imposition of sanctions in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). This development set the stage for a long period of international isolation at regional and global levels. The negative image resulting from this event undermined tourism in the country. This was followed by the prosecution of the armed struggle between 1966 and 1979. Security threats undermined tourist arrivals in the country especially after the shooting down of the viscount by members of the Zimbabwe African People’s Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) in 1978. Soon after independence in 1980, there was a surge in tourist arrivals into the country due to improved security within the country. However, the dissident menace in both Matabeleland and Midlands from 1982 to 1987 reversed the gains which had been realized at independence. After the signing of the unity, accord in 1987 there was a drastic improvement in security and this boosted tourist arrivals. However, most tourists came from neighboring South Africa and Zambia. Since some of them stayed with their relatives in Zimbabwe, they did not benefit tourist facilities such as hotels. Zimbabwe has drawn most of its tourists from its immediate neighbors while Kenya attracts tourists from as far as Europe and North America. In 2000, Zimbabwe’s tourism industry suffered yet another dent with the launch of the Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP). Due to the violent and bloody nature of the event, it attracted negative publicity from the media which further undermined the tourist arrivals in the country. To date the country has lagged behind Kenya in attracting European and North American tourists who bring the much needed foreign currency.   Article visualizations