"Sitä semmosta järkitietoa ei ihan niin vaan saakkaan." : Pk-elintarviketeollisuusyritysten johtajat ja energiansäästöviestintä verkossa

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Tutkielmani selvittää pienten ja keskisuurten elintarviketeollisuusyritysten johtajien energiansäästötiedon hankintatapoja sekä heidän asenteitaan energiansäästöön, energiansäästöviestintään sekä erityisesti energiansäästöviestintään verkossa. Tiedonhankinnan selvittäminen liittää tutkielmani informatiikkaan, Internet verkkoviestintään ja asennekysymykset sosiaalipsykologiaan. Sivuan myös energiansäästöviestinnän ja verkkoviestinnän suhteita tieto- ja ympäristöyhteiskuntakäsityksiin sekä muun muassa tietojohtamiseen. Käytännön tavoitteena on taustoittaa energiansäästöviestintään erikoistuneen Motiva Oy:n verkkoviestinnän suunnittelua. Valtion omistama Motiva Oy kehittää, käynnistää ja toteuttaa Kioton ilmastosopimuksen viitoittaman kansallisen ilmastostrategian edellyttämää käytännön työtä. Motiva tuottaa ja tarjoaa ilmastostrategian toteuttamista tukevia projekti- ja asiantuntijapalveluja yritysten, kuluttajien, ministeriöiden ja muun julkisen hallinnon käytettäväksi. Yksi Motivan keskeisimmistä työtavoista on viestintä, ja se käyttää pääosan kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriön energiaviestintään varatuista rahoista. Tutkimustapani pohjautuu kvalitatiivisen eli laadullisen tutkimuksen perinteeseen. Haastattelin yhdeksää pk-elintarviketeollisuusyritysten toimitusjohtajaa tai energia-asioista vastaavaa johtoryhmän jäsentä sekä Motivan pk-sektorin asiakasryhmäpäällikköä ja verkkoviestinnästä vastaavaa viestintäpäällikköä. Ensisijaisena teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytän Leckien, Pettigrew´n ja Sylvainin ammattilaisten tiedonhankintamallia. Tarkastelen energiansäästöviestintää ja sen mahdollisuuksia myös muun muassa Daftin ja Lengelin joukkoviestintätutkimuksessa kehittämän käyttötarkoitustutkimuksen avulla. Miten verkkopalveluiden tarpeet ja odotukset suhteutuvat käyttökokemuksiin? Tutkielmani perusteella energiansäästö merkitsee pk-elintarviketeollisuusyritysten johtajille lähinnä rahansäästöä. Energiansäästötietoa he tarvitsevat eniten erilaisten investointien ja muutostilanteiden yhteydessä. Mieluiten he hankkivat energiansäästötietoutta henkilökohtaisten kontaktien, Internetin tai lehtien välityksellä. Tiedon hakeminen Internetistä aiheuttaa kuitenkin pk-elintarviketeollisuusyritysten johtajille ongelmia, koska monet heistä eivät ole siihen paljon perehtyneet. Energiansäästötiedontarpeen tärkeimmiksi muuttujiksi nousevat haastattelujen perusteella demografisista seikoista ammatti ja erikoisala, kontekstista energiansäästön taloudellinen merkitys. Leimallista pk-elintarviketeollisuusyritysten energiansäästötiedontarpeelle on sen kompleksisuus - tietoa haluttaisiin hyvin konkreettisista ja maantieteellisesti paikallisista seikoista, mutta myös oman alan spefisistä kysymyksistä. Motivan energiansäästöviestinnän tulevaisuuden suurin haaste on tarjota verkossa ennen kaikkea yritysten taloudellista menestystä tukevia operatiivisia verkkopalveluja. Internetiä käytetään tiedonlähteenä varmimmin silloin, kun sieltä tiedetään löytyvän kyseistä tietoa ja nopeammin kuin muualta. Siitä seuraa Motivalle ja sen verkkoviestinnälle kolme käytännön haastetta: nostaa organisaation ja energiasäästöviestinnän huomiota ja tunnettuutta, vastata tiedontarpeisiin sekä kehittää verkkoviestinnän ylivertaisuutta

Declining incidence of acromioplasty in Finland

Background and purpose — An increased incidence rate of acromioplasty has been reported; we analyzed data from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register. Patients and methods — During the 14-year study period (1998–2011), 68,877 acromioplasties without rotator cuff repair were performed on subjects aged 18 years or older. Results — The incidence of acromioplasty increased by 117% from 75 to 163 per 105 person years between 1998 and 2007. The highest incidence was observed in 2007, after which the incidence rate decreased by 20% to 131 per 105 person years in 2011. The incidence declined even more at non-profit public hospitals from 2007 to 2011. In contrast, it continued to rise at profit-based private orthopedic clinics. Interpretation — We propose that this change in clinical practice is due to accumulating high-quality scientific evidence that shows no difference in outcome between acromioplasty and nonsurgical interventions for rotator cuff disease with subacromial impingement syndrome. However, the exact cause of the declining incidence cannot be defined based solely on a registry study. Interestingly, this change was not observed at private clinics, where the number of operations increased steadily from 2007 to 2011

Increasing incidence of rotator cuff repairs—A nationwide registry study in Finland

Background Rotator cuff repair incidence rates have reportedly increased in the United States and England. Here we analyzed nationwide data relating to rotator cuff repairs recorded in the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register (NHDR). Methods The NHDR was reviewed to identify adult patients who underwent rotator cuff repair between 1998 and 2011. Incidence rates per 10 5 person-years were calculated using the annual adult population size. Results During the 14-year time period, 50,646 rotator cuff repairs were performed on subjects aged 18 years or older. The incidence of rotator cuff repair showed an almost linear increase of 204 %, from 44 per 10 5 person-years in 1998 to 131 per 10 5 person-years in 2011. The most common concomitant procedure was acromioplasty, which was performed in approximately 40 % of rotator cuff repairs in 2011. Other common concomitant procedures included tenodesis (7 %) and tenotomy (6 %) of the long head of the biceps tendon, and resection of the acromioclavicular joint (3 %). Conclusions This nationwide analysis revealed a remarkable increase in the incidence of rotator cuff repair from 1998 to 2011 in Finland. This progress can be questioned, since there are not convincing data of the superiority of the operative treatment over non-operative management in all rotator cuff tears.BioMed Central open acces

Ultraviolet screening by slug tissue and tight packing of plastids protect photosynthetic sea slugs from photoinhibition

One of the main mysteries regarding photosynthetic sea slugs is how the slug plastids handle photoinhibition, the constant light-induced damage to Photosystem II of photosynthesis. Recovery from photoinhibition involves proteins encoded by both the nuclear and plastid genomes, and slugs with plastids isolated from the algal nucleus are therefore expected to be incapable of constantly repairing the damage as the plastids inside the slugs grow old. We studied photoinhibition-related properties of the sea slug Elysia timida that ingests its plastids from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Spectral analysis of both the slugs and the algae revealed that there are two ways the slugs use to avoid major photoinhibition of their plastids. Firstly, highly photoinhibitory UV radiation is screened by the slug tissue or mucus before it reaches the plastids. Secondly, the slugs pack the plastids tightly in their thick bodies, and therefore plastids in the outer layers protect the inner ones from photoinhibition. Both properties are expected to greatly improve the longevity of the plastids inside the slugs, as the plastids do not need to repair excessive amounts of damage.</p

Trends of shoulder instability surgery in Finland: a nationwide register study

Objective Rate of shoulder instability surgery (SIS) has increased in different specific populations. We analysed nationwide trend of SIS in adults in Finland between 1997 and 2014. Design A retrospective register study. Setting National Hospital Discharge Register of Finland. Participants A total of 22 550 adult patients with SIS in Finland (1997-2014). Primary and secondary outcome measures Analysis included appropriate diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 10) and procedure coding combinations applicable for SIS. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of SIS per 100 000 person-years, and the secondary outcomes were the study year, sex, age groups (18-29, 30-49 and over 50 years of age) and the type of hospital (public or private). Results The overall nationwide rate of SIS in adults increased 177% between 1997 and 2014 in Finland. The rate was the lowest (13/100 000 person-years) in 1997, and the peak rate (40/100 000 person-years) was noted in 2007. The increase in rate was rapid between 1997 and 2007, after which the rate became stable. During the study period, the highest increases were noted in the young adults age group (270%), and especially in the middle-aged group who were operated on in private hospitals (930%). Conclusions The rate of SIS increased almost threefold in Finland from 1997 to 2014. The increase was most significant in young and middle-aged adults (18-50 years), in men, and in private hospitals

Operative versus non-operative treatment for 2-part proximal humerus fracture: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background Although increasingly used, the benefit of surgical treatment of displaced 2-part proximal humerus fractures has not been proven. This trial evaluates the clinical effectiveness of surgery with locking plate compared with non-operative treatment for these fractures. Methods and findings The NITEP group conducted a superiority, assessor-blinded, multicenter randomized trial in 6 hospitals in Finland, Estonia, Sweden, and Denmark. Eighty-eight patients aged 60 years or older with displaced (more than 1 cm or 45 degrees) 2-part surgical or anatomical neck proximal humerus fracture were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either operative treatment with a locking plate or non-operative treatment. The mean age of patients was 72 years in the non-operative group and 73 years in the operative group, with a female sex distribution of 95% and 87%, respectively. Patients were recruited between February 2011 and April 2016. The primary outcome measure was Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included Constant–Murley score, the visual analogue scale for pain, the quality of life questionnaire 15D, EuroQol Group’s 5- dimension self-reported questionnaire EQ-5D, the Oxford Shoulder Score, and complications. The mean DASH score (0 best, 100 worst) at 2 years was 18.5 points for the operative treatment group and 17.4 points for the non-operative group (mean difference 1.1 [95% CI −7.8 to 9.4], p = 0.81). At 2 years, there were no statistically or clinically significant between-group differences in any of the outcome measures. All 3 complications resulting in secondary surgery occurred in the operative group. The lack of blinding in patient-reported outcome assessment is a limitation of the study. Our assessor physiotherapists were, however, blinded. Conclusions This trial found no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 2 years between surgery and non-operative treatment in patients 60 years of age or older with displaced 2-part fractures of the proximal humerus. These results suggest that the current practice of performing surgery on the majority of displaced proximal 2-part fractures of the humerus in older adults may not be beneficial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01246167.Peer reviewe

Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of recategorized Neer classification in differentiating 2-part surgical neck fractures from multi-fragmented proximal humeral fractures in 116 patients

Background: Optimal fracture classification should be simple and reproducible and should guide treatment. For proximal humeral. fractures, the Neer classification is commonly used. However, intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Neer classification has been shown to be poor. In clinical practice. it is essential to differentiate 2-part surgical neck fractures from multi-fragmented fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether surgeons can differentiate 2-part surgical neck fractures from multifragmented fractures using plain radiographs and/or computed tomography (CT). Methods: Three experienced upper limb specialists and trauma surgeons (B.O.S., A.P.L., and V.L.) independently reviewed and classified blinded plain radiographs and CT scans of 116 patients as showing 2-part surgical neck fractures or multi-fragmented fractures. Each imaging modality was reviewed and classified separately by each surgeon, after which each surgeon reviewed both modalities at the same time. This process was repeated by all surgeons after 24 weeks. Intraobserver and interobserver analyses were conducted using Cohen and Reiss K values, respectively. Results: The K coefficient for interobserver reliability showed substantial correlation (0.61-0.73) and was as follows: 0.73 for radiographs alone, 0.61 for CT scans alone, and 0.72 for radiographs and CT scans viewed together. After 24 weeks, the process was repeated and intraobserver reliability was calculated.The K coefficient for intraobserver reliability showed substantial correlation (0.62-0.75) and was as follows: 0.62 for radiographs alone, 0.64 for CT scans alone, and 0.75 for radiographs and CT scans viewed together. Conclusion: Clinicians were able to differentiate 2-part surgical neck fractures from multi-fragmented fractures based on plain radiographs reliably. (C) 2018 The Author(s).Peer reviewe

Trends of shoulder instability surgery in Finland : A nationwide register study

Objective Rate of shoulder instability surgery (SIS) has increased in different specific populations. We analysed nationwide trend of SIS in adults in Finland between 1997 and 2014. Design A retrospective register study. Setting National Hospital Discharge Register of Finland. Participants A total of 22 550 adult patients with SIS in Finland (1997-2014). Primary and secondary outcome measures Analysis included appropriate diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 10) and procedure coding combinations applicable for SIS. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of SIS per 100 000 person-years, and the secondary outcomes were the study year, sex, age groups (18-29, 30-49 and over 50 years of age) and the type of hospital (public or private). Results The overall nationwide rate of SIS in adults increased 177% between 1997 and 2014 in Finland. The rate was the lowest (13/100 000 person-years) in 1997, and the peak rate (40/100 000 person-years) was noted in 2007. The increase in rate was rapid between 1997 and 2007, after which the rate became stable. During the study period, the highest increases were noted in the young adults age group (270%), and especially in the middle-aged group who were operated on in private hospitals (930%). Conclusions The rate of SIS increased almost threefold in Finland from 1997 to 2014. The increase was most significant in young and middle-aged adults (18-50 years), in men, and in private hospitals.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture Surgery : Changing Incidence in Finnish and Swedish Men Between 1997 and 2016

Purpose Distal biceps tendon rupture is a relatively rare injury usually occurring with excess external extension force applied to a flexed elbow. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture surgery in the Finnish and Swedish adult population between the years 1997 and 2016. A secondary aim was to investigate the distal biceps rupture incidence in the Swedish population in 2001 to 2016. Methods We assessed the number and rate of distal biceps tendon rupture surgery using the Finnish and Swedish Hospital Discharge Register as databases. The study included the entire Finnish and Swedish adult population aged 18 years and older between January 1, 1997 and of December 31, 2016. Results During the study period, 2,029 patients had a distal biceps tendon rupture in Finland, and the corresponding figure was 2,000 in Sweden. The rate of distal biceps tendon rupture surgery increased steeply, but equally, in both countries, in Finnish men from 1.3 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 9.6 in 2016, and in Swedish men from 0.2 in 1997 to 5.6 in 2016. The incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture in Sweden increased in men from 1.6 to 10.0 per 100,000 person-years from 2001 to 2016. Conclusions There was a 7-fold and a 28-fold increase in the incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture surgery in Finnish and Swedish men during 1997 to 2016. The incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture rose 6-fold in Swedish men in 2001 to 2016. Copyright (C) 2020 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe