374 research outputs found

    La Société de protection des plantes du Québec, 1908-2008

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    À l’aide de documents écrits et d’archives, l’histoire de la Société de protection des plantes du Québec (SPPQ) est retracée tout au cours de son existence. Son but et ses objectifs sont décrits ainsi que les moyens employés pour protéger les plantes et lutter contre leurs ennemis. Au cours de son existence, la SPPQ a contribué, par ses congrès annuels et directement par ses membres, à faire avancer la lutte aux ennemis des cultures. Ses publications ont aussi mené au développement d’outils qui ont aidé à mieux connaître et à identifier les insectes, les maladies et les mauvaises herbes qui affectent les cultures et les forêts.With the help of written documents and archives, the history of the Québec Society for the Protection of Plants (QSPP) is revealed along with its objectives and the methods used to protect plants from their enemies. Over the last century, the QSPP has contributed, through its annual congresses and more directly through its members, to the development of methods to control plant enemies. Its publications have also helped to develop tools that have led to a better understanding and identification of insects, diseases and weeds affecting plant crops and forests

    Spectacle vivant et internet : Exister en ligne pour accroître la fréquentation en salle.

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    International audienceInternet as an opportunity to help performing arts’ theaters to construct their publics is questioned here. The analysis of 12 individual interviews, realized with theaters’ managers, and the observation of 113 theaters’ websites highlight the requirement to develop this tool. Websites appeared under-used by theaters whereas the increased importance of websites to communicate with their publics is recognized by managers. Few recommendations to better use this tool are also mentioned.Spectacle vivant et internet exister en ligne pour accroître la fréquentation en salle Florence eUZÉBY et carole MartIneZ Résumé Abstract Dans le contexte difficile du spectacle vivant, les auteurs s'interrogent sur l'opportunité que représente internet pour aider les salles de spectacle à accroître la fréquentation des publics. L'analyse de 12 entretiens individuels réalisés au-près de managers de salles de spectacle ainsi que l'obser-vation de 113 sites internet mettent en évidence la nécessité d'investir cet outil. Aujourd'hui sous-utilisé par ces salles, les managers interrogés s'accordent à reconnaitre le poids croissant de cet outil pour communiquer avec leurs publics. L'article ouvre la voie à un certain nombre de recommanda-tions pour mieux utiliser celui-ci

    The role of antibiosis in the antagonism of different bacteria towards Helminthosporium solani, the causal agent of potato silver scurf

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    Bacterial antagonists of Helminthosporium solani were submitted to different tests in order to determine the role of antibiosis in their antagonistic interaction. Among the bacterial strains tested, seven (Alcaligenes piechaudii, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Cellulomonas fimi, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas putida (strains 94-19 and E-30) and Streptomyces griseus) were shown to produce agar diffusible metabolites inhibiting H. solani mycelial growth and/or conidial germination. Differential activity was revealed when diffusible metabolites were extracted from either pure cultures of these antagonists or dual culture in the presence of H. solani. The results presented indicate that the methodology employed could be a decisive factor in whether or not antibiosis can be identified as a mode of action of biocontrol agents.Des antagonistes bactériens envers Helminthosporium solani ont été soumis à différents essais en vue de déterminer le rôle de l'antibiose dans l'antagonisme observé. Parmi les souches bactériennes évaluées, sept (Alcaligenes piechaudii, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Cellulomonas fimi, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas putida (souches 94-19 et E-30) et Streptomyces griseus) ont produit dans le milieu gélosé des métabolites inhibant la croissance mycélienne et/ou la germination des conidies de H. solani. Les métabolites produits en culture pure et en culture mixte ont présenté une activité différente sur la croissance mycélienne de H. solani. Les résultats présentés indiquent que la méthodologie employée peut être un facteur déterminant dans l'identification de l'antibiose comme mode d'action d'un agent antagoniste

    1,2,3,4-Tetra­hydro­isoquinoline-2-sulfonamide

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    The title compound, C9H12N2O2S, is a useful precursor of a variety of modified sulfonamide mol­ecules. Due to the importance of these mol­ecules in biological systems (antibacterials, antidepressants and many other applications), there is a growing inter­est in the discovery of new biologically active compounds. In the title compound, the mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds involving the sulfonamide function to form an infinite two-dimensional network parallel to the (001) plane

    Efficacité potentielle de valorisation: Proposition d’indicateurs à l’usage du concepteur pour mieux prendre en compte l’efficacité des voies de traitement du produit en fin de vie

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    EcoSD NetworkDepuis les années 1970, des réglementations de plus en plus contraignantes ont été mises en place pour résoudre les problématiques environnementales et mieux valoriser les déchets, dans une optique d’économie circulaire. Deux axes sont généralement proposés pour résoudre la problématique de la gestion de déchets. Le premier consiste à ce que les déchets soient gérés par des filières de traitement dont les objectifs de valorisation sont contraints par typologie de produits. Le second se base sur la prévention de la génération de déchets par l’écoconception du produit qui (i) permet de prolonger la durée de vie du produit, et (ii) assure qu’il soit mieux recyclé en fin de vie. Cet article s’intéresse au renforcement du lien entre ces deux axes en proposant des indicateurs complémentaires aux taux de valorisabilité permettant aux concepteurs de mieux comprendre l’efficacité de la valorisation dans les différentes voies de traitement en fin de vie

    Product Recoverability: A Review of Assessment Methods

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    Merci de lier cette communication au catalogue EcoSD de HallToday, companies need to assess the recoverability of their products from the design phase, not only for legislative reasons but also to appraise how they will be able to recover all or part of their value when they reach end of life. The main reference calculation methods are both the norm ISO 22628, which addresses the automotive industry, and the IEC/TR 62635 report, which addresses the electrical and electronic equipment industry. Both reference methods only focus on mass preservation indicators (as legislation requires) but ignore important aspects such as material quality loss, environmental impacts, and economic value preservation. Indeed, multi-criteria assessment is needed as it can be a key factor for both improving product design and to help designers integrate recycled materials into their products. In that regard, several other studies exploring multi-criteria analysis (i.e. technical, economic and/or environmental-based) do exist. The aim of this paper is to (i) present a critical review of current recoverability assessment methods and (ii) find the existing gaps by comparing whether the used indicators meet the designer needs or not.Travail co-financé par l'ADEME, l'ENSAM et l'Institut Carnot Arts Travail mené dans le cadre du réseau national EcoS

    Recycling chains : a proposal for an exhaustive definition

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    Connected with the French ECOSD networkIn the context of a circular economy, recycling presents as an interesting solution to reduce the impact of raw materials extraction and to reduce the quantity of waste that is incinerated or landfilled. However nowadays, there is no global and complete definition (which could be used as a common reference) of recycling chains. Listing the parameters to be taken into account, such a definition would allow manufacturers and researchers to better assess the efficiency and the stability of supply chains (not only at the beginning of the product lifecycle, but also towards the next one), and to accurately compare them. Therefore, we need a better definition of recycling chains, describing the system in its whole dimension (i.e. all internal and external factors) so as to improve (i) our understanding of the system and (ii) its inherent problems. Firstly, the recycling chain will be defined and described as exhaustively as possible. Then, the second part will focus on the best way to integrate this information when analyzing and optimizing recycling chains. Lastly, perspectives of this preliminary work will be detailed.ADEME, ECOS

    mTORC1 controls Golgi architecture and vesicle secretion by phosphorylation of SCYL1

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    mTORC1 is a master regulator of cell growth with well-known functions in inhibiting autophagic vesicle formation. Here, the authors show that mTORC1 also affects Golgi architecture and vesicle secretion by phosphorylating the scaffold protein SCYL1. The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation, supporting anabolic reactions and inhibiting catabolic pathways like autophagy. Its hyperactivation is a frequent event in cancer promoting tumor cell proliferation. Several intracellular membrane-associated mTORC1 pools have been identified, linking its function to distinct subcellular localizations. Here, we characterize the N-terminal kinase-like protein SCYL1 as a Golgi-localized target through which mTORC1 controls organelle distribution and extracellular vesicle secretion in breast cancer cells. Under growth conditions, SCYL1 is phosphorylated by mTORC1 on Ser754, supporting Golgi localization. Upon mTORC1 inhibition, Ser754 dephosphorylation leads to SCYL1 displacement to endosomes. Peripheral, dephosphorylated SCYL1 causes Golgi enlargement, redistribution of early and late endosomes and increased extracellular vesicle release. Thus, the mTORC1-controlled phosphorylation status of SCYL1 is an important determinant regulating subcellular distribution and function of endolysosomal compartments. It may also explain the pathophysiology underlying human genetic diseases such as CALFAN syndrome, which is caused by loss-of-function of SCYL1

    Large-scale gene discovery in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera)

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    Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues (relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect.Beatriz Sabater-Muñoz... et al
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