The interaction between mitochondrial oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the cardiometabolic consequences in diet-induced obese rats

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the dysbiosis associated with a high fat diet in rats. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota (GM) in the cardiometabolic consequences of diet-induced obesity in rats has been evaluated. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a control (CT) one for 6 weeks. At the third week, one-half of the animals of each group were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTempo (MT; 0.7 mgKg−1 day−1 i.p). Results: Animals fed an HFD showed a lower microbiota evenness and diversity in comparison to CT rats. This dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and relevant changes at family and genera compared with the CT group. This was accompanied by a reduction in colonic mucin-secreting goblet cells. These changes were reversed by MT treatment. The abundance of certain genera could also be relevant in the metabolic consequences of obesity, as well as in the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity. Conclusions: These results support an interaction between GM and mitochondrial oxidative stress and its relation with development of cardiac fibrosis, suggesting new approaches in the management of obesity-related cardiometabolic consequences.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (PI18/00257; CIBERCV) a way to build Europe, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2016-81063). EMM was supported by a contract from CAM (Atracción de talento). BG was funded by the FPI Program from the Government of Castilla y León (co-funded by FSE)

Administrative practice: An experience rich in experiences...

El propósito de este artículo es compartir con ustedes amigos lectores, nuestra experiencia durante la práctica administrativa (octavo semestre), dirigida básicamente al desempeño de actividades relacionadas con el plan social del I.C.B.F.: ‘Los Hogares de Bienestar”’,The purpose of this article is to share with you, dear readers, our experience during the administrative practice (eighth semester), basically directed to the performance of activities related to the social plan of the I.C.B.F.: 'The Well-being Homes'

Reflections Magazine of the Faculty of Education. Volume 2 No. 2 December 1989

Educación y sociedad es el núcleo temático del presente numero de Reflexiones. En él destacamos una actividad académico cultural ya institucionalizada en la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga: La 3a. Jornada Pedagógica que en esta ocasión Se centró en el análisis de la situación de violencia del país y el compromiso del educador frente a ella. De la variada programación de tres días hemos rescatado importante material para esta publicación; es el caso de las caricaturas que expuso Wilson D. León Carreño, estudiante de comunicación Social, que ilustran éste y sucesivos números de la publicación.Education and society is the thematic core of this number of Reflections. In it we highlight an academic activity Cultural already institutionalized in the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga: The 3rd. Pedagogical Day that on this occasion It focused on the analysis of the situation of violence in the country and the educator's commitment to it. From the varied programming of three days we have rescued important material for this publication; This is the case of the cartoons exhibited by Wilson D. León Carreño, a student of Social Communication, which illustrate this and successive issues of the publication.Modalidad Presencia

Influencia de la participación social en el proceso de rehabilitación basada en comunidad, en las personas con discapacidad del municipio de Pamplona - norte de Santander

The World Health Organization in 2004, defines Community Based Rehabilitation as “A strategy of community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities and social integration of all people with disabilities, this is applied through the joint efforts of the persons with disabilities, their families, organizations, communities, government and non-government services in health, education, labor, social and others“. Which allows people with disabilities have the Social Participation, which is defined as an organized, active, committed and co- actors of society group to achieve common benefits.Methodology: A descriptive research experimentally not transactional, with mixed design, technical information collection of quantitative and qualitative (social mapping, field notes and in-depth interviews, surveys, from which information is obtained from social type, educational and clinical).La Organización Mundial de la Salud en el 2004, define la Rehabilitación Basada en Comunidad como: “Una estrategia de desarrollo comunitario para la Rehabilitación, la igualdad de oportunidades y la integración social de todas las personas con discapacidad, esta se aplica gracias al esfuerzo conjunto de las propias personas con discapacidad, sus familias, organizaciones, comunidades, servicios gubernamentales y no gubernamentales en salud, educación, trabajo, social y otros”. Que permite que las personas con discapacidad cuenten con la Participación Social, la cual se define como un grupo organizado, activo, comprometido y corresponsable de los actores de la sociedad para alcanzar beneficios comunes. Metodología: Es una investigación tipo descriptivo no experimental- transaccional, con diseño mixto, técnicas de recolección de la información de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo (cartografía social, diarios de campo y entrevistas a profundidad, encuestas, de las cuales se obtienen información de tipo social, pedagógico y clínico)

Phaseolus acutifolius Lectin Fractions Exhibit Apoptotic Effects on Colon Cancer: Preclinical Studies Using Dimethilhydrazine or Azoxi-Methane as Cancer Induction Agents

Phaseolus acutifolius (Tepary bean) lectins have been studied as cytotoxic molecules on colon cancer cells. The toxicological profile of a Tepary bean lectin fraction (TBLF) has shown low toxicity in experimental animals; exhibiting anti-nutritional effects such as a reduction in body weight gain and a decrease in food intake when using a dose of 50 mg/kg on alternate days for six weeks. Taking this information into account, the focus of this work was to evaluate the effect of the TBLF on colon cancer using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or azoxy-methane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) as colon cancer inductors. Rats were treated with DMH or AOM/DSS and then administered with TBFL (50 mg/kg) for six weeks. TBLF significantly decreased early tumorigenesis triggered by DMH by 70%, but without any evidence of an apoptotic effect. In an independent experiment, AOM/DSS was used to generate aberrant cryptic foci, which decreased by 50% after TBLF treatment. TBLF exhibited antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects related to a decrease of the signal transduction pathway protein Akt in its activated form and an increase of caspase 3 activity, but not to p53 activation. Further studies will deepen our knowledge of specific apoptosis pathways and cellular stress processes such as oxidative damage

Research report

Considerando al Educador Pre-escolar, como un personaje desconocido en gran parte dentro del sistema educativo y por consiguiente, poco valorado se vio la necesidad de explorar sobre las funciones que realiza y/o puede realizar este educador en programas de atención a niños menores de siete años con participación comunitaria en sectores populares de Bucaramanga y su Área Metropolitana. Así como relacionar lo que él esta haciendo con el tipo de formación académica que recibió. A partir del problema planteado: ¿Cómo se desempeña el Educador Pre-escolar en programas de atención a niños menores de siete años con participación comunitaria en sectores populares de Bucaramanga y su área Metropolitana?, se estructuró el marco teórico que compren comprende los siguientes aspectos: Desempeño del Educador Preescolar en programas de atención a niños menores de siete años con participación comunitaria en sectores populares de Bucaramanga y su Área Metropolitana.Considering the Preschool Educator as a largely unknown character within the educational system and, therefore, undervalued, there was a need to explore the functions he/she performs and/or can perform therefore, little valued, it was necessary to explore the functions that this educator performs and/or can perform in programs for children under seven years of age with community participation in popular sectors of Bucaramanga and its Metropolitan Area. This educator in programs of attention to children under seven years of age with community participation in popular sectors of Bucaramanga and its Metropolitan Area. As well as to relate what he is doing with the type of academic training he received. Based on the problem posed: How does the preschool educator perform in care programs for children under seven years of age with community participation in popular sectors of Bucaramanga and its Metropolitan Area, the theoretical framework was structured to include the following aspects: Performance of the Preschool Educator in care programs for children under seven years of age with community participation in popular sectors of Bucaramanga and its Metropolitan Area.Modalidad Presencia

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Malassezia yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate. Lipids are important cellular molecules, and understanding the lipid metabolism and composition of Malassezia species is crucial to comprehending their biology and host-microbe interaction. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of Malassezia strains grown to the stationary phase in a complex Dixon medium broth. In this study, we perform a lipidomic analysis of a subset of species; in addition, we conducted a gene prediction analysis for the detection of lipid metabolic proteins. We identified 18 lipid classes and 428 lipidic compounds. The most commonly found lipids were triglycerides (TAG), sterol (CH), diglycerides (DG), fatty acids (FAs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. Particularly, we found a low content of CEs in Malassezia furfur, atypical M. furfur, and Malassezia pachydermatis and undetectable traces of these components in Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, and Malassezia sympodialis. Remarkably, uncommon lipids in yeast, like diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and FA esters of hydroxyl FAs, were found in a variable concentration in these Malassezia species. The latter are bioactive lipids recently reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The results obtained can be used to discriminate different Malassezia species and offer a new overview of the lipid composition of these yeasts. We could confirm the presence and the absence of certain lipid-biosynthesis genes in specific species. Further analyses are necessary to continue disclosing the complex lipidome of Malassezia species and the impact of the lipid metabolism in connection with the host interaction

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Malassezia yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate. Lipids are important cellular molecules, and understanding the lipid metabolism and composition of Malassezia species is crucial to comprehending their biology and host-microbe interaction. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of Malassezia strains grown to the stationary phase in a complex Dixon medium broth. In this study, we perform a lipidomic analysis of a subset of species; in addition, we conducted a gene prediction analysis for the detection of lipid metabolic proteins. We identified 18 lipid classes and 428 lipidic compounds. The most commonly found lipids were triglycerides (TAG), sterol (CH), diglycerides (DG), fatty acids (FAs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. Particularly, we found a low content of CEs in Malassezia furfur, atypical M. furfur, and Malassezia pachydermatis and undetectable traces of these components in Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, and Malassezia sympodialis. Remarkably, uncommon lipids in yeast, like diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and FA esters of hydroxyl FAs, were found in a variable concentration in these Malassezia species. The latter are bioactive lipids recently reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The results obtained can be used to discriminate different Malassezia species and offer a new overview of the lipid composition of these yeasts. We could confirm the presence and the absence of certain lipid-biosynthesis genes in specific species. Further analyses are necessary to continue disclosing the complex lipidome of Malassezia species and the impact of the lipid metabolism in connection with the host interaction

Tolerability assessment of a lectin fraction from Tepary bean seeds (Phaseolus acutifolius) orally administered to rats

Our previous studies have shown that a lectin rich fraction (TBLF) extracted from Tepary bean seeds differentially inhibits cancer cells proliferation in vitro. Before testing the in vivo anticancer effect, the acute and subchronic toxicological assays in rats were conducted, where an oral dose of 50 mg/body weight kg was determined as the NOAEL. This study evaluated the resistance to digestion and complete blood count (CBC) after 24 h of the orally administered 50 mg/kg TBLF. The digestion resistance test showed lectins activity retention after 72 h and the CBC study showed a high level of eosinophils, suggesting an allergic-like response. Tolerability was assayed after 6 weeks of treatment by dosing with an intragastric cannula every third day per week. It was observed a transient reduction in food intake and body weight in the first weeks, resulting in body weight gain reduction of 10% respect to the control group at the end of the study. Additionally, organs weight, histopathological analysis and blood markers for nutritional status and for liver, pancreas and renal function were not affected. Our results suggest that 50 mg/kg TBLF administered by oral route, exhibit no toxicity in rats and it was well tolerated. Further studies will focus on long-term studies

El ALBA-TCP : origen y fruto del nuevo regionalismo latinoamericano y caribeño

En la actualidad, la región de América Latina y el Caribe propone alternativas novedosas que se traducen en políticas públicas articuladas en torno a "soberanías y regionalismo" y vinculadas a nuevos modelos socioeconómicos. Se estructuran políticas públicas en torno a los componentes de las crisis: políticas públicas de soberana alimentaria, soberana energética, soberanía financiera y soberanía de los recursos naturales. Lo que distingue a estas nuevas soberanías vinculadas a regionalismos es que la teorización se localiza no solo en el ámbito tradicional de las relaciones internacionales, sino en conceptualizaciones más novedosas a partir de conceptos como bienes comunes, agroecología política y ambiental, la economía política de las reservas internacionales y la nueva arquitectura financiera, bienes y actores públicos estratégicos, economía política internacional de la vida cotidiana, otras economías para la vida, educación y acceso abierto, el Buen Vivir, y la cosmovisión de los pueblos originarios y de los afrodescendientes