Track finding in gamma conversions in CMS

A track finding algorithm has been developed for reconstruction of e+e- pairs. It combines the information of the electromagnetic calorimeter with the information provided by the Tracker. Results on reconstruction efficiency of converted photons, as well as on fake rate are shown for single isolated photons and for photons from H->gamma gamma events with pile-up events at 10^33 cm^-2 s^-1 LHC luminosity.Comment: Presented at the 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP 07), 6 pages, 4 figure

Higgs bosons in non-minimal models at the LHC

While approaching the start of the data taking at the LHC, ATLAS and CMS perform studies involving the Higgs boson within non-minimal models besides Supersymmetric models. Highlights from both experiments are summarized; all results refer to LHC low luminosity conditions (1033 cm^-2 s^-1 )

Servidor virtual para detección de intrusos y ataques en IPV6

La migración de IPv4 a IPv6 ha adquirido una importancia muy significativa, la cual cada día preocupa más a los proveedores de Internet, ya que no es posible simplemente dejar de utilizar el protocolo viejo y comenzar a usar el nuevo. Para solventar ésta necesidad de continuidad de negocio, surgen las llamadas técnicas o mecanismos de transición o coexistencia. Estas técnicas permiten la incorporación gradual de IPv6 dentro de una infraestructura IPv4 existente, ya que ambos protocolos no son compatibles por naturaleza. La seguridad de IPv4 e Ipv6 son totalmente independientes, por lo que se necesita establecer medidas para detectar, identificar, prevenir y tomar una decisión correcta frente a posibles ataques en ambos protocolos. Esto es una realidad que todos los usuarios de internet deben enfrentar en la actualidad y en particular los administradores de red. El objetivo de esta línea de investigación es detectar de manera oportuna y a tiempo intrusos y/o ataques en un segmento de red IPv6 de una infraestructura en particular. Asimismo, se abordará puntualmente el IPv6, sus principales problemas al implementarlo y sus diferentes tipos de necesidades para configurarlo de manera segura.Eje: Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Servidor virtual para detección de intrusos y ataques en IPV6

La migración de IPv4 a IPv6 ha adquirido una importancia muy significativa, la cual cada día preocupa más a los proveedores de Internet, ya que no es posible simplemente dejar de utilizar el protocolo viejo y comenzar a usar el nuevo. Para solventar ésta necesidad de continuidad de negocio, surgen las llamadas técnicas o mecanismos de transición o coexistencia. Estas técnicas permiten la incorporación gradual de IPv6 dentro de una infraestructura IPv4 existente, ya que ambos protocolos no son compatibles por naturaleza. La seguridad de IPv4 e Ipv6 son totalmente independientes, por lo que se necesita establecer medidas para detectar, identificar, prevenir y tomar una decisión correcta frente a posibles ataques en ambos protocolos. Esto es una realidad que todos los usuarios de internet deben enfrentar en la actualidad y en particular los administradores de red. El objetivo de esta línea de investigación es detectar de manera oportuna y a tiempo intrusos y/o ataques en un segmento de red IPv6 de una infraestructura en particular. Asimismo, se abordará puntualmente el IPv6, sus principales problemas al implementarlo y sus diferentes tipos de necesidades para configurarlo de manera segura.Eje: Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Improving data quality monitoring via a partnership of technologies and resources between the CMS experiment at CERN and industry

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment dedicates significant effort to assess the quality of its data, online and offline. A real-time data quality monitoring system is in place to spot and diagnose problems as promptly as possible to avoid data loss. The a posteriori evaluation of processed data is designed to categorize it in terms of their usability for physics analysis. These activities produce data quality metadata. The data quality evaluation relies on a visual inspection of the monitoring features. This practice has a cost in term of human resources and is naturally subject to human arbitration. Potential limitations are linked to the ability to spot a problem within the overwhelming number of quantities to monitor, or to the lack of understanding of detector evolving conditions. In view of Run 3, CMS aims at integrating deep learning technique in the online workflow to promptly recognize and identify anomalies and improve data quality metadata precision. The CMS experiment engaged in a partnership with IBM with the objective to support, through automatization, the online operations and to generate benchmarking technological results. The research goals, agreed within the CERN Openlab framework, how they matured in a demonstration applic tion and how they are achieved, through a collaborative contribution of technologies and resources, are presented

ABM Clinical Protocol #18: Use of Antidepressants in Breastfeeding Mothers

A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient

A framework for the definition and interpretation of the use of surrogate endpoints in interventional trials

Background: Interventional trials that evaluate treatment effects using surrogate endpoints have become increasingly common. This paper describes four linked empirical studies and the development of a framework for defining, interpreting and reporting surrogate endpoints in trials. Methods: As part of developing the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) extensions for randomised trials reporting surrogate endpoints, we undertook a scoping review, e-Delphi study, consensus meeting, and a web survey to examine current definitions and stakeholder (including clinicians, trial investigators, patients and public partners, journal editors, and health technology experts) interpretations of surrogate endpoints as primary outcome measures in trials. Findings: Current surrogate endpoint definitional frameworks are inconsistent and unclear. Surrogate endpoints are used in trials as a substitute of the treatment effects of an intervention on the target outcome(s) of ultimate interest, events measuring how patients feel, function, or survive. Traditionally the consideration of surrogate endpoints in trials has focused on biomarkers (e.g., HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, tumour response), especially in the medical product regulatory setting. Nevertheless, the concept of surrogacy in trials is potentially broader. Intermediate outcomes that include a measure of function or symptoms (e.g., angina frequency, exercise tolerance) can also be used as substitute for target outcomes (e.g., all-cause mortality)-thereby acting as surrogate endpoints. However, we found a lack of consensus among stakeholders on accepting and interpreting intermediate outcomes in trials as surrogate endpoints or target outcomes. In our assessment, patients and health technology assessment experts appeared more likely to consider intermediate outcomes to be surrogate endpoints than clinicians and regulators. Interpretation: There is an urgent need for better understanding and reporting on the use of surrogate endpoints, especially in the setting of interventional trials. We provide a framework for the definition of surrogate endpoints (biomarkers and intermediate outcomes) and target outcomes in trials to improve future reporting and aid stakeholders' interpretation and use of trial surrogate endpoint evidence. Funding: SPIRIT-SURROGATE/CONSORT-SURROGATE project is Medical Research Council Better Research Better Health (MR/V038400/1) funded

A framework for the definition and interpretation of the use of surrogate endpoints in interventional trials

Background: Interventional trials that evaluate treatment effects using surrogate endpoints have become increasingly common. This paper describes four linked empirical studies and the development of a framework for defining, interpreting and reporting surrogate endpoints in trials. Methods: As part of developing the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) extensions for randomised trials reporting surrogate endpoints, we undertook a scoping review, e-Delphi study, consensus meeting, and a web survey to examine current definitions and stakeholder (including clinicians, trial investigators, patients and public partners, journal editors, and health technology experts) interpretations of surrogate endpoints as primary outcome measures in trials. Findings: Current surrogate endpoint definitional frameworks are inconsistent and unclear. Surrogate endpoints are used in trials as a substitute of the treatment effects of an intervention on the target outcome(s) of ultimate interest, events measuring how patients feel, function, or survive. Traditionally the consideration of surrogate endpoints in trials has focused on biomarkers (e.g., HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, tumour response), especially in the medical product regulatory setting. Nevertheless, the concept of surrogacy in trials is potentially broader. Intermediate outcomes that include a measure of function or symptoms (e.g., angina frequency, exercise tolerance) can also be used as substitute for target outcomes (e.g., all-cause mortality)—thereby acting as surrogate endpoints. However, we found a lack of consensus among stakeholders on accepting and interpreting intermediate outcomes in trials as surrogate endpoints or target outcomes. In our assessment, patients and health technology assessment experts appeared more likely to consider intermediate outcomes to be surrogate endpoints than clinicians and regulators. Interpretation: There is an urgent need for better understanding and reporting on the use of surrogate endpoints, especially in the setting of interventional trials. We provide a framework for the definition of surrogate endpoints (biomarkers and intermediate outcomes) and target outcomes in trials to improve future reporting and aid stakeholders' interpretation and use of trial surrogate endpoint evidence

Effectiveness of third-class biologic treatment in Crohn's disease : a multi-center retrospective cohort study

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