Curvaturas diferidas en piezas de gres procelánico

Las “curvaturas diferidas” es un fenómeno que consiste en el cambio de curvatura de las baldosas después de su salida del horno durante un periodo de tiempo variable y origina problemas durante la fase de clasificación y sobre la calidad del producto final. En el caso del gres porcelánico, la curvatura de las baldosas suele mostrar una evolución en un sentido inmediatamente después de la cocción para, después de cierto tiempo, invertir esta tendencia. Se establecieron las causas de las curvaturas en diferido en piezas de gres porcelánico. Para ello, se caracterizó el comportamiento de 14 modelos industriales y se estudió la influencia de las variables del proceso. Asimismo, se propuso y validó un modelo matemático que explica el fenómeno. Esta tesis doctoral aporta una solución industrial al permitir establecer condiciones de proceso que evitan o reducen las curvaturas diferidas y adoptar medidas de control efectivas en un entorno industrial.Ceramic tiles can suffer changes in their curvature after firing during variable periods of time. This process is known as “delayed curvature”. In the case of porcelain tiles, the curvature initially evolves in a direction and, after a certain time, this tendency is inverted. At industrial level, the existence of delayed curvature leads to lower product quality. Thus, it is fundamental to understand its origin and minimize its impact. This study establishes the causes of the delayed curvature in porcelain tiles. The behavior of 14 industrial models of porcelain stoneware regarding delayed curvature is characterized. The influence of the process variables is studied. A mathematical model is proposed and validated to explain the delayed curvature in porcelain tiles. An industrial solution to the problem is defined as the results allow to establish process conditions which avoid or reduce the delayed curvature, and to adopt effective control actions in industrial environment

Human conjunctiva organoids to study ocular surface homeostasis and disease

The conjunctival epithelium covering the eye contains two main cell types: mucus-producing goblet cells and water-secreting keratinocytes, which present mucins on their apical surface. Here, we describe long-term expanding organoids and air-liquid interface representing mouse and human conjunctiva. A single-cell RNA expression atlas of primary and cultured human conjunctiva reveals that keratinocytes express multiple antimicrobial peptides and identifies conjunctival tuft cells. IL-4/-13 exposure increases goblet and tuft cell differentiation and drastically modifies the conjunctiva secretome. Human NGFR+ basal cells are identified as bipotent conjunctiva stem cells. Conjunctival cultures can be infected by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), human adenovirus 8 (hAdV8), and SARS-CoV-2. HSV1 infection was reversed by acyclovir addition, whereas hAdV8 infection, which lacks an approved drug therapy, was inhibited by cidofovir. We document transcriptional programs induced by HSV1 and hAdV8. Finally, conjunctival organoids can be transplanted. Together, human conjunctiva organoid cultures enable the study of conjunctival (patho)-physiology.</p

Human conjunctiva organoids to study ocular surface homeostasis and disease

The conjunctival epithelium covering the eye contains two main cell types: mucus-producing goblet cells and water-secreting keratinocytes, which present mucins on their apical surface. Here, we describe long-term expanding organoids and air-liquid interface representing mouse and human conjunctiva. A single-cell RNA expression atlas of primary and cultured human conjunctiva reveals that keratinocytes express multiple antimicrobial peptides and identifies conjunctival tuft cells. IL-4/-13 exposure increases goblet and tuft cell differentiation and drastically modifies the conjunctiva secretome. Human NGFR+ basal cells are identified as bipotent conjunctiva stem cells. Conjunctival cultures can be infected by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), human adenovirus 8 (hAdV8), and SARS-CoV-2. HSV1 infection was reversed by acyclovir addition, whereas hAdV8 infection, which lacks an approved drug therapy, was inhibited by cidofovir. We document transcriptional programs induced by HSV1 and hAdV8. Finally, conjunctival organoids can be transplanted. Together, human conjunctiva organoid cultures enable the study of conjunctival (patho)-physiology.</p

The Open Brain Consent: Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data

Having the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere

Modeling the ocular surface with organoid technology

The eye surface consists of 4 distinct tissues: the cornea, the conjunctiva, the lacrimal gland and the meibomian gland. The role of the three latter is to produce tears in order to protect the transparent cornea. Tears harbor antimicrobial and lubricative properties that are essential to keep the eye surface healthy. When not enough tears are produced, this results in dry eye - which is a disease 1 in 3 adults experiences. To understand how the lacrimal gland and the conjunctiva produce tears, we obtained biopsies from these organs and identified conditions under which the cells were able to expand in a dish. This process gave rise to so-called lacrimal gland and conjunctiva organoids, respectively. We found that these organoids produced both the aqueous and the mucous layers of the tear film, including a large and diverse repertoire of anti-microbial peptides. We could study genetic and infectious diseases in these, as well as transplant them in order to rescue either lacrimal gland or conjunctiva deficiencies. These newly-developed technologies help to understand the underlying principles of (the lack of) tear production, which could be tackled in a drug discovery approach. Organoids can also be used as a cell therapy product, in order to replace lost or damaged ocular surface tissue. We are taking this aspect to the next level and are working towards initiating a phase I clinical trial, using conjunctival organoids as a cell therapy product. On a different note, we sequenced patient ocular surface tumors in order to identify the mutations that caused these. This information can now be used to offer patients with better-suited targeted therapies

Corrélation entre le PET-scanner et l'analyse histologique des ganglions lombo-aortiques et pelviens dans l'évaluation préthérapeutique des cancers du col utérin

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Adaptation and Implementation of Pictorial Conversation Aids for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Surgery and Reconstruction: A Quality Improvement Study

Purpose: After a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer, women of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) report worse outcomes than women of higher SEP. A pictorial conversation aid was shown to improve decision outcomes in controlled contexts. No such intervention existed in France. In Phase 1, our aim was to adapt, for use in France, two pictorial conversation aids for breast cancer surgery and reconstruction. In Phase 2, our aim was to implement them in a regional cancer center serving a diverse population.Patients and methods: In phase 1, we used iterative qualitative methods to adapt the conversation aids with a convenience sample of patients and health professionals. In phase 2, we tested their implementation using PDSA cycles with volunteer surgeons.Results: In phase 1, we interviewed 10 health professionals and 5 patients to reach thematic data saturation. They found the conversation aids usable and very acceptable (especially patients) and suggested small changes to further simplify the layout and content (including a glossary). In phase 2, three surgeons started the first PDSA cycle, for 4 weeks. Only one additional surgeon agreed to take part in the second cycle. The third cycle was cancelled since no new surgeon agreed to take part. Time was a barrier for 2 out of 4 surgeons, potentially explaining the difficulty recruiting for the third cycle. The evaluation was otherwise positive. The surgeons found the conversation aids very useful during their consultations and all intended to continue using them in the future.Conclusion: It was possible to adapt, for use in France, pictorial conversation aids proven to be effective elsewhere. While the adapted conversation aids were deemed usable by health professionals and very acceptable to patients, their implementation using PDSA cycles proved slow

Rôle et utilisation des Patient reported outcomes (PROs) dans la prise en charge des patients en oncologie

International audienceTherapeutic innovations in the field of oncology allow to manage cancer as a chronic illness with treatments being administered over prolonged periods of time. In this context, it is now acknowledged that it is important to complete the assessment of benefit based on purely clinical endpoints using outcome measurement evaluated by patients themselves. The Patient reported outcome (PRO) concept has then emerged and there is an increasing interest in using the PROs as an indicator of the benefit of new therapeutic strategies. In this paper, we aim to illustrate the potential use and value of using PROs in the management of cancer patients. After a brief review of the PRO concept and it's link with the quality-of-life concept, this paper describes the actual implementation of PROs, first in clinical research, then in routine clinical practice. We then will focus on the difficulties in the French context to promote a larger use of PROs in the routine clinical practice. This paper will show how the PROs are a useful tool to improve the management of cancer patients.Les innovations thérapeutiques dans le domaine de l’oncologie autorisent aujourd’hui une chronicisation de sa prise en charge, avec des durées d’administration des traitements de plus en plus longues. Dans ce contexte, il est aujourd’hui bien établi qu’il est indispensable de compléter les mesures d’efficacité basées sur des paramètres purement cliniques par d’autres types de résultats qui ne peuvent être évalués que du point de vue du patient lui-même. Le concept anglo-saxon de Patient reported outcome (PRO), ou « résultat rapporté par les patients » est ainsi devenu central dans l’évaluation des stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie. L’objectif de cet article est d’illustrer la place des PROs en oncologie, et comment l’utilisation de ces outils pourrait être de nature à changer les pratiques de prise en charge des patients atteints de cancer. Après un bref rappel du concept de PRO et son lien avec le concept plus ancien de « qualité de vie », cet article dresse l’état des lieux de l’implémentation des outils PROs en recherche d’une part, en clinique d’autre part. Nous aborderons ensuite la question des freins, dans le contexte français, d’une plus grande implémentation des PROs en pratique clinique de routine. Nous montrerons dans cet article comment ces PROs constituent un outil utile pour l’amélioration de la prise en charge médicale en oncologie

Impact of autofluorescence-based identification of parathyroids during total thyroidectomy on postoperative hypocalcemia: a before and after controlled study

International audienc