Fauna of coleoptera on Theobroma grandiflorum Schum. (Sterculiaceae) in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil

The cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum, Sterculiaceae) is a native Amazonian fruit tree that about its entomological informations had been demonstrated the highest insects diversity princi-pallyColeoptera. During in a period of 12 consecutive months, manual collections were realized using insecticide and flight interception traps in a private plantation of cupuassu in Manaus and 1.212 individuals of Coleoptera visitors of Theobroma grandiflorum were collected Some plants aspects phenologies were done. The most great abundance was registered in plants exposed to the sun, in plants with flowers and without fruits, and plants localized in level and steep areas. Seasonal differences were also considered, finding a greater frequency of samples in the months corresponding to the less rainy period (from June to November). The quantity of samples collected (and the families of Coleoptera) was correlated with the period of collection, the morning hours presenting a greater sample quantity. From the Coleoptera found visiting the cupuassu plants, 32 families were collected and identified, the most abundant of which were Chrysomelidae 25.17%, Curculionidae 18.08%, Staphylinidae 17,57%, Coccinellidae 12.46%. The species Homophoeta aequinoctialis, Exora obsoleta, Spaethiella coccinea (Chrysomelidae). Colobothea hirtipes, Clorida curta,Compsibidion maronicum, Heterachthes pelonioides (Cereambycidae) and Marshallius multisignatus (Curculionidae), were identified. The samples of Desmobaris and Heilipus were found on leaves spronts and flowers of the plants being considered pest of young cupuassu plants, (Phytotribus), however their relation with the plant is not know yet. The Spaethiella coccinea (Chrysomelidae, Hispinae) was observed and collected feeding on leaves of the cupuassu plant.O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schumman), é uma planta frutífera nativa da Amazônia, com uma diversificação na entomofauna encontrada, registrando-se maior abundância na ordem Coleoptera. Em uma plantação nos arredores da cidade de Manaus usando-se métodos de coletas, manuais, com aplicação de inseticida (método de queda) e armadilhas de interceptação de vôo foram coletados durante 12 meses consecutivos, 1.212 exemplares de Coleoptera. Alguns aspectos em relação a fenologia e localização das plantas foram abordados. A maior abundância foi registrada em plantas localizadas em áreas de relevo plano expostas ao sol, com flores e sem frutos. Encontrou-se maior frequência nos meses correspondentes ao período menos chuvoso (de junho a novembro), registrando-se maior quantidade de exemplares no horário matutino. Foram identificadas 32 famílias e as mais abundantes foram Chrysomelidae 25,17%, Curculionidae 18,08%, (incluindo Scolytinae e Platypodinae), Slaphylinidae 17,57% e Coccinellidae 12,46%. Foram identificados indivíduos dos gêneros Palaminus (Staphylinidae), Phenrica, Asphaera, Colaspis, Homophoeta, Heilipus (Chrysomelidae), Desmobaris, Phitotribus, Comptocerus (Curculionidae) e das espécies Homophoeta aequinoctialis, Exora obsoleta, Spaethiella coccinea (Chrysomelidae), Colobothea hirtipes, Clorida curta, Compsibidion maronicum, Heíerachthes pelonioides (Cerambycidae) e Marshallius multisignatus (Curculionidae). Os indivíduos de Spaethiella coccinea foram observados alimentando-se das folhas, Desmobaris e Heilipus foram encontrados alimentando-se dos brotos das folhas e das flores sendo considerados pragas para mudas das plantas. A relação dos indivíduos do gênero Phitotribus com a planta ainda não é conhecida

Detecção e tipagem de vírus dengue em Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) na Cidade de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas

The aim of this study was to detect and type dengue viruses in the vector Aedes aegypti. Between December 2005 and December 2006, 8,984 mosquitoes were collected in 46 districts of the city of Manaus, covering all of the geographical zones of the city. Of these, 819 were Aedes aegypti (414 females and 405 males). The females of Aedes aegypti were grouped in pools of 1 to 10 mosquitoes, thus totaling 138 pools, of which 111 pools were positive for DENV 3 and a single pool was positive for two serotypes (DENV 1 and DENV 3). The prevalence of Aedes aegypti infected with DENV 3 in the city of Manaus was 53%. The zonal prevalence was 70% in the western central zone, 60% in the southern zone, 53% in the western zone, 47% in the southern central zone, 30% in the northern zone and 23% in the eastern zone. Monitoring of virus circulation among mosquitoes by means of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique enables prior knowledge of the levels of virus spread in given areas, thus contributing towards determining the localities where prevention and control measures should be applied

Registro da ocorrência de Aedes albopictus em área urbana do município de Manaus, Amazonas

Information is available regarding the presence of Aedes albopictus in several municipalities of the State of Amazonas. Specimens of this mosquito species have now, for the first time, been collected from an urban area of the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.A partir de exemplares de Aedes albopictus coletados em área urbana no município de Manaus, AM, Brasil, e das informações sobre a presença desse mosquito em vários municípios do Estado do Amazonas, registra-se pela primeira vez a introdução dessa espécie nesse Estado

Trypanosoma cruzi I and IV Stocks from Brazilian Amazon Are Divergent in Terms of Biological and Medical Properties in Mice

Background: In the Brazilian Amazon, clinical and epidemiological frameworks of Chagas disease are very dissimilar in relation to the endemic classical areas of transmission, possibly due to genetic and biological characteristics of the circulating Trypanosoma cruzi stocks. Twenty six T. cruzi stocks from Western Amazon Region attributed to the TcI and TcIV DTUs were comparatively studied in Swiss mice to test the hypothesis that T. cruzi clonal structure has a major impact on its biological and medical properties. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seventeen parameters were assayed in mice infected with 14 T. cruzi strains belonging to DTU TcI and 11 strains typed as TcIV. In comparison with TcI, TcIV stocks promoted a significantly shorter pre-patent period (p<0.001), a longer patent period (p<0.001), higher values of mean daily parasitemia (p = 0.009) and maximum of parasitemia (p = 0.015), earlier days of maximum parasitemia (p<0.001) and mortality (p = 0.018), higher mortality rates in the acute phase (p = 0.047), higher infectivity rates (p = 0.002), higher positivity in the fresh blood examination (p<0.001), higher positivity in the ELISA at the early chronic phase (p = 0.022), and a higher positivity in the ELISA at the late chronic phase (p = 0.003). On the other hand TcI showed higher values of mortality rates in the early chronic phase (p = 0.014), higher frequency of mice with inflammatory process in any organ (p = 0.005), higher frequency of mice with tissue parasitism in any organ (p = 0.027) and a higher susceptibility to benznidazole (p = 0.002) than TcIV. Survival analysis showing the time elapsed from the day of inoculation to the beginning of the patent period was significantly shorter for TcIV strains and the death episodes triggered following the infection with TcI occurred significantly later in relation to TcIV. The notable exceptions come from positivity in the hemocultures and PCR, for which the results were similar. Conclusion/Significance: T. cruzi stocks belonging to TcI and TcIV DTUs from Brazilian Amazon are divergent in terms of biological and medical properties in mice.publishersversionpublishe

Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit TcIV implicated in a case of acute Chagas disease in a domiciliated dog in the western Amazon

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Seven lineages have been identified based on different molecular markers, namely TcI, TcII, TcIII, TcIV, TcV, TcVI, and TcBat. Dogs play the role of epidemiological sentinels being domestic reservoirs of T. cruzi. The aim of the current study was to report the first case of CD in a domestic dog in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, infected with T. cruzi DTU TcIV. We hope our report encourages veterinarians and surveillance professionals to a take a deeper look at T. cruzi infection in domestic animals.publishersversionpublishe

Baixa prevalência ou subdiagnóstico?

Funding Information: This study was partially funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) Projeto Universal. Funding Information: This study was partially funded by Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) Projeto Universal.publishersversionpublishe

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in an Endemic Area for Malaria in Manaus: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Brazilian Amazon

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of information regarding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in endemic areas for malaria in Latin America. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study determined the prevalence of the G6PD deficiency in 200 male non-consanguineous individuals residing in the Ismail Aziz Community, on the outskirts of Manaus (Brazilian Amazon). Six individuals (3%) were deficient using the qualitative Brewer's test. Gel electrophoresis showed that five of these patients were G6PD A(-). The deficiency was not associated with the ethnic origin (P = 0.571). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, G6PD deficiency protected against three or more episodes of malaria (P = 0.049), independently of the age, and was associated with a history of jaundice (P = 0.020) and need of blood transfusion (P = 0.045) during previous treatment for malarial infection, independently of the age and the previous malarial exposure. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The frequency of G6PD deficiency was similar to other studies performed in Brazil and the finding of a predominant G6PD A(-) variant will help the clinical management of patients with drug-induced haemolysis. The history of jaundice and blood transfusion during previous malarial infection may trigger the screening of patients for G6PD deficiency. The apparent protection against multiple malarial infections in an area primarily endemic for Plasmodium vivax needs further investigation

Acute Chagas disease associated with ingestion of contaminated food in Brazilian western Amazon

Funding Information: We would like to thank the following institutions for all the support they accorded: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation Dr. Rosimary Costa Pinto (FVS‐RCP/AM), the Municipal Health Departments of the affected by the outbreaks and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas for their financial support in acquiring materials for the molecular detection of the parasite. We would also like to thank the public health surveillance teams and the patients who agreed to participate in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Belgian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine.Objective: To describe clinical, epidemiological and management information on cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) by oral transmission in the state of Amazonas in western Amazon. Methods: Manual and electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with ACD at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) were included. Results: There were 147 cases of acute CD registered from 10 outbreaks that occurred in the state of Amazonas between 2004 and 2022. The transmission pathway was through oral route, with probable contaminated palm fruit juice (açaí and/or papatuá), and involved people from the same family, friends or neighbours. Of 147 identified cases, 87 (59%) were males; cases were aged 10 months to 82 years. The most common symptom was the febrile syndrome (123/147; 91.8%); cardiac alterations were present in 33/100 (33%), (2/147; 1.4%) had severe ACD with meningoencephalitis, and 12 (8.2%) were asymptomatic. Most cases were diagnosed through thick blood smear (132/147; 89.8%), a few (14/147; 9.5%) were diagnosed by serology and (1/147; 0.7%) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood culture. In all these outbreaks, 74.1% of the patients were analysed by PCR, and Trypanosoma cruzi TcIV was detected in all of them. No deaths were recorded. The incidence of these foci coincided with the fruit harvest period in the state of Amazonas. Conclusion: The occurrence of ACD outbreaks in the Amazon affected individuals of both sexes, young adults, living in rural and peri-urban areas and related to the consumption of regional foods. Early diagnosis is an important factor in surveillance. There was a low frequency of cardiac alterations. Continuous follow-up of most patients was not carried out due to difficulty in getting to specialised centres; therefore, little is known about post-treatment.publishersversioninpres