A mesoscale index to describe the regional ocean circulation around the Balearic Islands

Historical oceanographic surveys carried out around the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean) suggest two different scenarios for the regional ocean circulation. In one scenario, occurring during cold winters, cool water is formed at intermediate layers (100–300 m) in the Gulf of Lions. This Western Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) usually moves southward reaching the Balearic Channels, deflecting the warmer Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) coming from the Eastern Mediterranean, and even blocking the Ibiza Channel. On the other hand, during mild winters, less WIW is formed and then LIW flows through the channels, appearing at their characteristic depths. The oceanographic surveys around the Balearic Islands (1985–2004) have provided a qualitative index, indicating the presence or not of WIW in the Ibiza Channel, based on the analyses of θS diagrams. A quantitative index based on mean water temperature between 100 and 300 m depth in the channels may also be defined. Both indexes, the qualitative and the quantitative, give consistent information on WIW presence for the period 1985–2004, however, both are short in time and have gaps in the series. In order to obtain a longer and continuous index for WIW presence and then for regional circulation, air–sea heat fluxes at the Gulf of Lions during winter months were obtained from the meteorological NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and compared with other meteorological data such as surface air temperature. The standardized air temperature anomalies at 1000 hPa in the Gulf of Lions during winter (December–March) has been shown to be the simplest and best indicator of absence/presence of WIW in the Balearic Islands channels in late spring. Values above 1.0 of the standardized temperature anomaly would indicate absence of WIW in the Ibiza Channel. The high correlation obtained with available in-situ oceanographic data allows the use of this index as an indicator of presence of WIW and then of different regional circulation scenarios backwards in time and in those years for which the oceanographic data are missing or scarc

Multiciliated ependyma recovery through a sequential cell therapy in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a significant cause for premature children’s morbidity, mortality, and peri/postnatal neurodevelopmental impairment. PHH is mainly triggered by germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMH) and causes germinal matrix and ependyma disfunction. Ependyma constitutes a relevant tissue barrier with roles in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, circulation, and neurogenesis, hence situating ependyma as a main target when treating PHH. Clinical treatments are directed to eliminate immediate inflammatory condition triggered by the bleeding, to drain excess of CSF if needed, but not to treat or recover ependyma structure. Ependymal progenitors were obtained from P0 mice. Cells were cultured under specific conditions to enhance either ependymal proliferation or differentiation status. Different GMH/IVH neuroinflammatory conditions were mimed in the ependyma cultures, different stem cell therapies tested and effect on the ependymal differentiation measured. Additionally, ventricular wall explants from mice with induced PHH were obtained and cultured as ex-vivo system of PHH. A combination of stem cells was applied on the tissue to probe its regenerative capabilities on the multiciliated ependyma. All samples were analyzed through immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy and quantified. Results show that (i) ependymal progenitors’ maturation is hindered under neuroinflammatory conditions, showing no multiciliated ependyma and (ii) the tested stem cell combination promotes ependymal progenitors’ survival albeit does not alter the differentiation of the selfsame. In summary, it can be stated that the final differentiation of the ependyma is disrupted by the molecular conditions triggered by GMH/IVH, which our proposed cell therapy is able to counteract through increased survival and differentiation in a murine model of experimental PHHJunta de Andalucia (UMA18-FEDERJA-277) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00778), Spain; co-financed by FEDER funds from the European Union, Spain. Also, II-PPITD, Universidad de Malaga, Spain (to JL-dSS); and I-PPITD, Universidad de Málaga, Spain (to LMR-P) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A mesoscale index to describe the regional ocean circulation around the Balearic Islands

The formation of Western Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) in the Gulf of Lions and its later presence in the Balearic Channels play a significant role in the regional circulation. The presence of WIW, given by the intermediate water temperatures in the Ibiza Channel, has been related to air temperture in the Gulf of Lions, providing a continuous and long index of regional circulatio

Tool wear in the dry drilling of TÍ-6AI-4V: a SEM/EDS study

En este artículo se estudia el proceso de taladrado sin fluido de corte, de la aleación Ti6A14V, comparando dos condiciones de mecanizado, con y sin enfriamiento de herramienta y material entre taladros. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia en el desgaste de la herramienta y en la calidad del agujero, del diferente incremento de temperatura originado por trabajar en una u otra condición. Para ello, se realizará análisis SEM/EDS y microscopía óptica de la broca e inspección visual del material.This paper is focused on dry drilling of Ti6Al4V. In absence of cutting fluid, high temperatures are reached. Two different cutting conditions are studied in order to analyse the influence of temperature. In first condition, tests with no pause between drilled holes were carried out. In second condition, tests were performed cooling the tool with air between consecutively holes. Tool wear was studied with optical microscope and SEM-EDS techniques. The quality of machined holes was estimated in terms of optical inspection. Significantly differences in tool wear evolution were observed between both cutting conditions analysed.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) proyecto DPI2001-3747, por AIRBUS España, S.L. y por la Junta de Andalucía. Los autores agrádecen al Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid su ayuda y la disponibilidad de sus equipos para la realización de los estudios de microscopía óptica y SEM/EDS.Publicad

Divulgación de la ingeniería industrial entre los alumnos de 3º y 4º de E.S.O. y Bachillerato en las provincias de Salamanca, Ávila, Cáceres, Toledo

Memoria ID-0201. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

DNA damage in leukocytes of equines subjected to physical effort

En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente interés por el estudio de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales asociados al ejercicio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la existencia de daño en el ADN en leucocitos circulantes de equinos sometidos a un test de ejercicio de alta intensidad y corta duración. La determinación del daño en el ADN se realizó mediante el ensayo cometa versión alcalina. Se usaron 5 equinos. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre al comenzar el ejercicio, al alcanzar la velocidad máxima, al finalizar el ejercicio y a los 30 días post ejercicio. Simultáneamente se realizaron ergoespirometrías continuas para determinar el consumo de oxígeno durante el ejercicio. La frecuencia relativa de células con daño en el ADN fue 0,122, 0,240, 0,210 y 0,100, mientras que el índice de daño en el ADN fue 11,8, 28,4, 23 y 10,4 UA. Se observaron incrementos significativos con respecto al tiempo basal y 30 días post ejercicio cuando los animales alcanzaron la máxima velocidad y al finalizar el ejercicio (p< 0,05). Se observó una alta correlación entre el consumo de oxígeno y las células con daño (r= 0,905), así como con el índice de daño (r= 0,935). Estos resultados sugieren que los factores inductores de daño genotóxico se producen mayoritariamente durante el esfuerzo físico y que probablemente se deban a radicales libres del oxígeno.In recent years there has been a growing interest in the study of the beneficial and harmful effects associated with exercise. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of DNA damage in circulating leukocytes of horses undergoing high intensity and short term physical activity by using the alkaline comet assay. Five horses subjected to a standardized exercise test were used. Samples were collected before starting the exercise, at the point of reaching maximal speed, at the end of the test and 30 days post exercise. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption during the exercise test was measured. The relative frequency of cells with DNA damage was 0.122, 0.240, 0.210 and 0.100, respectively. DNA damage index was 11,8, 28,4, 23 and 10,4 UA, respectively. Significant increases were observed from baseline time and 30 days after exercise when the animals reached maximum speed and at the end of the exercise (p< 0.05). These results suggest that genotoxic damage inducing factors occur mainly during physical fatigue, and that this is probably due to oxygen free radicals.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

DNA damage in leukocytes of equines subjected to physical effort

En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente interés por el estudio de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales asociados al ejercicio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la existencia de daño en el ADN en leucocitos circulantes de equinos sometidos a un test de ejercicio de alta intensidad y corta duración. La determinación del daño en el ADN se realizó mediante el ensayo cometa versión alcalina. Se usaron 5 equinos. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre al comenzar el ejercicio, al alcanzar la velocidad máxima, al finalizar el ejercicio y a los 30 días post ejercicio. Simultáneamente se realizaron ergoespirometrías continuas para determinar el consumo de oxígeno durante el ejercicio. La frecuencia relativa de células con daño en el ADN fue 0,122, 0,240, 0,210 y 0,100, mientras que el índice de daño en el ADN fue 11,8, 28,4, 23 y 10,4 UA. Se observaron incrementos significativos con respecto al tiempo basal y 30 días post ejercicio cuando los animales alcanzaron la máxima velocidad y al finalizar el ejercicio (p< 0,05). Se observó una alta correlación entre el consumo de oxígeno y las células con daño (r= 0,905), así como con el índice de daño (r= 0,935). Estos resultados sugieren que los factores inductores de daño genotóxico se producen mayoritariamente durante el esfuerzo físico y que probablemente se deban a radicales libres del oxígeno.In recent years there has been a growing interest in the study of the beneficial and harmful effects associated with exercise. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of DNA damage in circulating leukocytes of horses undergoing high intensity and short term physical activity by using the alkaline comet assay. Five horses subjected to a standardized exercise test were used. Samples were collected before starting the exercise, at the point of reaching maximal speed, at the end of the test and 30 days post exercise. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption during the exercise test was measured. The relative frequency of cells with DNA damage was 0.122, 0.240, 0.210 and 0.100, respectively. DNA damage index was 11,8, 28,4, 23 and 10,4 UA, respectively. Significant increases were observed from baseline time and 30 days after exercise when the animals reached maximum speed and at the end of the exercise (p< 0.05). These results suggest that genotoxic damage inducing factors occur mainly during physical fatigue, and that this is probably due to oxygen free radicals.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

VME indicator species collected during exploratory fishing in Macaronesian seamounts

During the second half of 2012, the longline vessel MARANSA completed 13 fishing trips in international waters of CECAF Area (Division FAO 34), in nine Seamounts from northeast off Madeira (Lion, Ampere, Unicorn, Seine, “Camaguay”, “Cabezos”, Dacia and “Fantasma”) to south off the Canary Islands (Eco/Endeavour), between latitudes 19°N and 35°N, using bottom longlines. The main target species were demersal species such as Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) or Splendidalfonsino (Beryx splendens). An observer on board recorded the bycatch of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME) indicator species in order to evaluate the potential adverse impact of bottom fishing activities on VME and samples of the specimens for later identification in the laboratory were stored. The main indicator species found were cold-water corals (black corals, scleractinians and gorgonians) and sponges, species broadly associated with seamounts. The shallower banks, Ampere and Dacia in the north and centre of the area, show the greater biodiversity and the higher percentage of presence of VME indicator species (52% and 53% of the sets respectively), followed by Endeavour (South of the Canary Islands), 36.4%. In these three banks the species distribution is strongly related to depth, finding Antipatharia (mainly Stichopathes sp) and Scleractinia (Dendrophyllia cornigera and D. ramea) in shallower depths and Porifera (Neophryssospongia nolitangere, Leiodermatium lynceus and Asconema setubalense) in deeper bottoms. Species of the Porifera group are present in all banks except of so-called ”Cabezos”

DNA damage in leukocytes of equines subjected to physical effort

En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente interés por el estudio de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales asociados al ejercicio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la existencia de daño en el ADN en leucocitos circulantes de equinos sometidos a un test de ejercicio de alta intensidad y corta duración. La determinación del daño en el ADN se realizó mediante el ensayo cometa versión alcalina. Se usaron 5 equinos. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre al comenzar el ejercicio, al alcanzar la velocidad máxima, al finalizar el ejercicio y a los 30 días post ejercicio. Simultáneamente se realizaron ergoespirometrías continuas para determinar el consumo de oxígeno durante el ejercicio. La frecuencia relativa de células con daño en el ADN fue 0,122, 0,240, 0,210 y 0,100, mientras que el índice de daño en el ADN fue 11,8, 28,4, 23 y 10,4 UA. Se observaron incrementos significativos con respecto al tiempo basal y 30 días post ejercicio cuando los animales alcanzaron la máxima velocidad y al finalizar el ejercicio (p< 0,05). Se observó una alta correlación entre el consumo de oxígeno y las células con daño (r= 0,905), así como con el índice de daño (r= 0,935). Estos resultados sugieren que los factores inductores de daño genotóxico se producen mayoritariamente durante el esfuerzo físico y que probablemente se deban a radicales libres del oxígeno.In recent years there has been a growing interest in the study of the beneficial and harmful effects associated with exercise. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of DNA damage in circulating leukocytes of horses undergoing high intensity and short term physical activity by using the alkaline comet assay. Five horses subjected to a standardized exercise test were used. Samples were collected before starting the exercise, at the point of reaching maximal speed, at the end of the test and 30 days post exercise. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption during the exercise test was measured. The relative frequency of cells with DNA damage was 0.122, 0.240, 0.210 and 0.100, respectively. DNA damage index was 11,8, 28,4, 23 and 10,4 UA, respectively. Significant increases were observed from baseline time and 30 days after exercise when the animals reached maximum speed and at the end of the exercise (p< 0.05). These results suggest that genotoxic damage inducing factors occur mainly during physical fatigue, and that this is probably due to oxygen free radicals.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria