Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

In order to achieve sustainability objectives in the use of a building, its elements’ operating problems should be minimized. From this premise, a total of 497 cases related to construction flaws in flat roofs were analyzed in this research. A matrix was developed indicating the risk of lawsuits by owners according to the degree of nuisance resulting from the construction flaws studied, their technical importance, and the type of pathological origin. Based on these factors, it is possible to predict a greater or lesser probability of an owner filing a lawsuit—risk factor (F). A wide range was found for this probability, with the largest value being 865 times greater than the smallest value. The value of F was divided into 5 categories to classify the diverse results obtained and determine the number of cases and interrelations ascribed to each category. Additionally, the level of presence of said cases was calculated through the analysis of 3 di erent demographic aspects, it being noted that a greater purchasing power and a higher concentration of urban population lead to more stringent requirements and, subsequently, to a greater number of lawsuits. With all these results, building quality can be improved while resulting in greater constructive-financial sustainability and in a reduction of the economic resources required of society (fewer lawsuits and associated human resources)

Las Cortes de Castilla en época de los Reyes Católicos: la consolidación de un modelo representativo

Frente a la tesis transmitida por la historiografía del siglo XIX, que presentaba las Cortes castellanas como una institución plena de derechos y funciones, sin algún tipo de adaptación o evolución histórica; éstas experimentaron una evolución estrechamente ligada con el acontecer político de la época. Estas circunstancias se hicieron especialmente evidentes durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos (1476-1515), en el que el sistema representativo castellano experimentó una transformación radical. A lo largo de este largo reinado los mecanismos de sumisión e interferencia sobre las Cortes alcanzaron su máxima dimensión, al son de las transformaciones político-administrativas que se fueron desarrollando mientras una nueva concepción del “Estado” y de las instituciones se iba imponiendo. La irregularidad en la convocatoria de este tipo de asambleas desde el ascenso al trono de Fernando e Isabel es un claro testimonio de la consolidación de un modelo representativo sumamente mediatizado por el poder real, en el que son las necesidades financieras y políticas de la monarquía las que determinan el papel político de las Cortes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Los Estados Generales del Franco Condado en el siglo XVI: mecanísmos institucionales y estructura representativa.

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Los servicios de las Cortes de Castilla en el siglo XVI.

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Introducción.

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History, Collective Memories, or National Memories? How the Representation of the Past Is Framed by Master Narratives

This chapter analyzes differences between memory and history stemming from a theoretical distinction between romantic and idealized goals and enlightened and critical understanding goals of history education. National narratives and national identity are two key elements in the construction of both collective memories and history education. This chapter analyzes and provides examples of theoretical and empirical work involving six different dimensions of school history narratives: a homogeneous historical subject, identification processes, heroic and idealized key historical figures, a monocausal and teleological account of historical events, moral value judgments, and an essentialist conceptualization of nation and national identity. Finally, a concise analysis of school historical re-enactments as a cultural scenario, which greatly contributes to the interiorization of the previously mentioned narratives, is presente