Protection of macrogrids and microgrids by smart selection of electrical quantities

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.This thesis addresses two nearly separate topics in power systems: macrogrid protection and microgrid protection. These two types of grids differ in some principal electric characteristics that determine how to deal with faults. For example, the ratio between reactance and resistance is far larger in macrogrids than in microgrids. However, the basic principles in protective relaying hold true for both cases, i.e., protection should be reliable, fast, and selective for both macrogrids and microgrids. In this thesis, the concept of smart selection of electrical quantities (EQ) is introduced for the first time to identify faults in both macrogrids and microgrids by using specific EQs instead of immediate electrical signals. Thanks to the advanced technology in digital relays, it is now possible to program protective relays based on the unique features of some EQs whereby fault and non-fault conditions can be discriminated. This way, protection engineers can benefit from the advantages of these methods in terms of more reliable operation and ease of implementation and setting. At first, this thesis details different elements of fault identification or protective relaying. Then, macrogrid protection is considered in Part I of this thesis. Fault detection, fault polarization, faulted phase selection, and fault location on transmission lines are addressed. Thanks to the smart selection of EQs, the presented methods require less setting or no setting, while the reliable operation is preserved. Since multiple protective schemes already exist in macrogrids, the presented methods in Part I contribute to state-of-the-art technology with an improvement to protective relaying in macrogrids. Part II of this thesis is devoted to microgrid protection, where a reliable protective scheme is yet to come. Firstly, fault characteristics of inverters, an essential part of microgrids to be understood, are analysed, which in turn helps us with inverter models in the sequence domain, an unavoidable concept in protective relaying. Fault polarization is then addressed, as this author believes that a faulted section in microgrids can be more reliably identified by a directional comparison scheme than other protective schemes. This, however, depends on the correct outcome of fault direction. Developing the sequence models of inverters, and following the same idea, i.e., smart selection of EQs, the author tackled critical challenges to the protection of microgrids by developing new methods of fault polarization in microgrids. The directional elements developed based on these techniques can cope with the complexities caused by faults in microgrids

Problematic soil mechanics in the Algerian arid and semi-arid regions: Case of M’sila expansive clays

This paper presents a state-of-the art review on the behavior of problematic soils in arid and semi-arid regions in Algeria, where significant damages frequently appear affecting the road infrastructures, roadway systems and various networks and other small civil and industrial constructions. It deals with characterization and treatment experimental studies on some Algerian expansive natural soils, including those conducted on M’sila expansive clays

Automating equipment productivity measurement using deep learning

Measuring the productivity of earth moving equipment help to identify their inefficiencies and improve their performance; however, measurement processes are time and resource intensive. Current literature has foccussed on automating equipment activity capture but still lack adequate approaches for measurement of equipment productivity rates. Our contribution is to present a methodology for automating equipment productivity measurement using kinematic and noise data collected through smartphone sensors from within equipment and deep learning algorithms for recognizing equipment states. The testing of the proposed method in a real world case study demonstrated very high accuracy of 99.78 in measuring productivity of an excavator

Measuring and benchmarking the productivity of excavators in infrastructure projects: A deep neural network approach

Inefficiencies in the management of earthmoving equipment greatly contribute to the productivity gap of infrastructure projects. This paper develops and tests a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for estimating the productivity of excavators and establishing a productivity measure for their benchmark. After investigating current practices for measuring the productivity of earthwork equipment during 13 interviews with selected industry experts, the DNN model was developed and tested in one of the ‘High Speed rail second phase’ (HS2) sites. The accuracy of prediction achieved by the DNN model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Weighted Absolute Percentage Error (WAPE) resulting in 0.87 and 69.64%, respectively. This is an adequate level of accuracy when compared to other similar studies. However, according to the WAPE method, the accuracy is still 10.36% below the threshold (i.e. 80%) expected by the industry experts. An inspection of the prediction results over the testing period (21 days) revealed better precision in days with high excavation volumes compared to days with low excavation volumes. This was attributed to the likely involvement of manual work (i.e. archaeologists in the case of the selected site) alongside some of the excavators, which caused gaps in telematics data. This indicates that the accuracy attained is adequate, but the proposed approach is more accurate in a highly mechanised environment (i.e. excavation work with equipment predominantly and limited manual interventions) compared to a mixed mechanised-manual working environment. A bottom-up benchmark measure (i.e. excavation rate) that can be used to measure and benchmark the excavation performance of an individual or a group of equipment, through a work area, to a whole site was also proposed and discussed

Characterization and pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs associated with black foot disease in algerian grapevine nurseries, with the description of Pleiocarpon algeriense sp. nov

[EN] During a survey of black foot disease in Algerian grapevine nurseries, a collection of 79 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of histone H3 (his3), three species of Dactylonectria were identified including Dactylonectria torresensis (40 isolates), D. macrodidyma (24 isolates) and D. novozelandica (14 isolates). In addition, one isolate belonging to the genus Pleiocarpon was found and it is described here as a new species, Pleiocarpon algeriense, based on morphological features and DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), large subunit nrDNA (LSU) and histone H3 (his3). This is the first time that these species are reported in Algeria. Pathogenicity tests, were conducted with representative isolates from each species. All of them were able to induce typical necrosis symptoms on grapevine cuttings. These results emphasize the urgent need to implement an integrated management strategy for black foot disease in Algerian grapevine nurseries in order to reduce the incidence of this disease on grapevine planting material and to prevent that it spreads to new grapevine production areas.Much of this work was supported by the laboratory of the Grupo de Investigacion en Hongos Fitopatogenos, Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo (IAM), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain. W. Aigoun-Mouhous thanks the University of Blida for funding the research stay in Valencia, Spain. G. Elena was supported by the Spanish post-doctoral grant Juan de la Cierva-Formacion. A. Cabral was supported by Portuguese national funds through FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia grant SFRH/BPD/84508/2012 and FCT Unit funding UID/AGR/04129/2013. This work was also supported by EFRR "Multidisciplinary research to increase application potential of nanomaterials in agricultural practice" (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314).Aigoun-Mouhous, W.; Elena-Jiménez, G.; Cabral, A.; León Santana, M.; Sabaou, N.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Chaouia, C.... (2019). Characterization and pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs associated with black foot disease in algerian grapevine nurseries, with the description of Pleiocarpon algeriense sp. nov. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 154(4):887-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01708-zS8879011544Abreo, E., Martinez, S., Bettucci, L., & Lupo, S. (2010). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Campylocarpon and Cylindrocarpon spp. associated with black foot disease of grapevines in Uruguay. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39(5), 446–452.Agustí-Brisach, C., & Armengol, J. (2013). Black-foot disease of grapevine: an update on taxonomy, epidemiology and management strategies. 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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.)on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.)from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.)from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.)endophyticin roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands , Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.)on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.)on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa , Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa , Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on over wintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

Fungal Planet description sheets : 1182–1283

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria, Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia, Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.) and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand, Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA, Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimjBiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologyPlant Production and Soil Scienc

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182–1283

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria, Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia, Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.) and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand, Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA, Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

A novel approach to detect symmetrical faults occurring during power swings by using frequency components of instantaneous three-phase active power

Since distance relays are prone to interpret a power swing as a three-phase fault, they should be blocked during the power swing to prevent undesired trips. On the other hand, if any fault occurs during a power swing, they should be fast and reliably unblocked. Although unblocking the relay is straightforward in the case of asymmetrical faults by using the zero-sequence and/or negative-sequence component of current, detecting symmetrical faults during a power swing is still a challenge. This paper presents a novel method for detecting symmetrical faults occurring during a power swing. Based on the damping frequency component of 50 (or 60) Hz created on instantaneous three-phase active power profile after inception of a symmetrical fault, the proposed method will be able to detect the fault in less than one power cycle. This detection method can be readily implemented, and is immune to the power swing slip frequency, fault inception time, and fault location. To test the proposed method, several power swings and faults are numerically simulated in MATLAB/SIMULNK, and the simulation results show that the proposed method is sensitive as well as reliable. © 2012 IEEE