11 research outputs found

    Understanding and exploiting metrological fiber networks for Sagnac sensing, frequency dissemination and geosensing

    No full text
    Les horloges atomiques sont les outils modernes de la mesure du temps. Depuis la redĂ©finition de la seconde en 1967 fondĂ©e sur l'interrogation d'une transition atomique du CĂ©sium 133, les horloges atomiques se sont considĂ©rablement amĂ©liorĂ©es. Cela a conduit Ă  de nombreuses avancĂ©es technologiques au cours des 55 derniĂšres annĂ©es, dont beaucoup nĂ©cessitent un transfert prĂ©cis des signaux de temps et de frĂ©quence, un exemple important Ă©tant le systĂšme de positionnement global (GPS). Avec les rĂ©cents progrĂšs des horloges atomiques de derniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration, dites optique, les moyens traditionnels de diffusion des signaux d'horloge(s) ne sont plus adaptĂ©s si on n'accepte pas de ne pas dĂ©grader leurs performances. La mise en Ɠuvre d'une nouvelle technologie a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  cette fin dans plusieurs pays du monde ces derniĂšres annĂ©es. Elle utilise les fibres optiques comme support pour transfĂ©rer et comparer les signaux des rĂ©fĂ©rences de frĂ©quence atomique. Dans cette thĂšse, j'aborderai la mise en Ɠuvre d'un rĂ©seau de fibres optiques en France. Je discuterai des processus gĂ©nĂ©raux de bruit de ces liaisons par fibre optique, et de leurs limites techniques et fondamentales. Des Ă©tudes approfondies de plusieurs applications d'un rĂ©seau de fibres sont prĂ©sentĂ©es. Celles-ci incluent l'Ă©valuation de la contribution de l'incertitude du rĂ©seau français de fibres optiques Ă  la comparaison des horloges optiques. Ensuite, je prĂ©senterai une Ă©tudes sur l'utilisation de rĂ©seaux de fibres pour la dĂ©tection de phĂ©nomĂšnes gĂ©ophysiques. Cela inclut la dĂ©tection de l'effet Sagnac dans un lien Ă  fibre dĂ©ployĂ© dans une topologie en anneau autour de Paris. Ensuite, je montrerai une Ă©tude de la dĂ©tection des tremblements de terre avec le rĂ©seau de fibres français, et je discuterai des perspectives d'utilisation d'une telle technologie.Atomic clocks are the modern tools of timekeeping. Ever since the redefinition of the second in 1967 based on an atomic transition of Cesium 133, the atomic clocks have improved drastically. This has lead to many technological advancements the last 55 years, many of which require precise transfer of time and frequency signals, a prominent example being the Global Positioning System (GPS). With the recent advancements of the last generation of state-of-the-art atomic clocks, so called optical clocks, traditional means of disseminating their signals without degrading their performance are no longer adequate. The implementation of a new technology for such purposes has in recent years been implemented in several countries around the world, which utilizes optical fibers as a medium to transfer and compare the signals of the atomic frequency references.In this thesis, I discuss the exploitation of such an optical fiber network in France. I discuss the general noise processes of such fiber links, and their technical and fundamental limits. In-depth studies of several applications of a fiber network is presented. These include the evaluation of the uncertainty contribution of the French fiber network to the comparison of optical clocks. I also show studies of the use of fiber networks for the sensing of effects arising from the Earth. This includes the sensing of the Sagnac effect in a fiber link deployed in a ring topology around Paris, a study of the detection of earthquakes with the French fiber network, and a discussion of the prospects of the use of such a technology

    Réseaux de liens fibrés en métrologie pour la dissemination de fréquence : etude, exploitation, et sensibilités à l'effet Sagnac et autres perturbations terrestres

    No full text
    Atomic clocks are the modern tools of timekeeping. Ever since the rede nition of the second in 1967 based on an atomic transition of Cesium 133, the atomic clocks have improved drastically. This has lead to many technological advancements the last 55 years, many of which require precise transfer of time and frequency signals, a prominent example being the Global Positioning System (GPS). With the recent advancements of the last generation of state-of-the-art atomic clocks, so called optical clocks, traditional means of disseminating their signals without degrading their performance are no longer adequate. The implementation of a new technology for such purposes has in recent years been implemented in several countries around the world, which utilizes optical bers as a medium to transfer and compare the signals of the atomic frequency references.In this thesis, I discuss the exploitation of such an optical ber network in France. I discuss the general noise processes of such ber links, and their technical and fundamental limits. In-depth studies of several applications of a ber network is presented. These include the evaluation of the uncertainty contribution of the French ber network to the comparison of optical clocks. I also show studies of the use of ber networks for the sensing of e ects arising from the Earth. This includes the sensing of the Sagnac e ect in a ber link deployed in a ring topology around Paris, a study of the detection of earthquakes with the French ber network, and a discussion of the prospects of the use of such a technology.Les horloges atomiques sont les outils modernes de la mesure du temps. Depuis la redéfinition de la seconde en 1967 fondée sur l’interrogation d’une transition atomique du Césium 133, les horloges atomiques se sont considérablement améliorées. Cela a conduit à de nombreuses avancées technologiques au cours des 55 dernières années, dont beaucoup nécessitent un transfert précis des signaux de temps et de fréquence, un exemple important étant le système de positionnement global (GPS). Avec les récents progrès des horloges atomiques de dernière génération, dites optique, les moyens traditionnels de diffusion des signaux d’horloge(s) ne sont plus adaptés si on n’accepte pas de ne pas dégrader leurs performances. La mise en Ɠuvre d’une nouvelle technologie a été développée à cette fin dans plusieurs pays du monde ces dernières années. Elle utilise les fibres optiques comme support pour transférer et comparer les signaux des références de fréquence atomique. Dans cette thèse, j’aborderai la mise en Ɠuvre d’un réseau de fibres optiques en France. Je discuterai des processus généraux de bruit de ces liaisons par fibre optique, et de leurs limites techniques et fondamentales. Des études approfondies de plusieurs applications d’un réseau de fibres sont présentées. Celles-ci incluent l’évaluation de la contribution de l’incertitude du réseau français de fibres optiques à la comparaison des horloges optiques. Ensuite, je présenterai une études sur l’utilisation de réseaux de fibres pour la détection de phénomènes géophysiques. Cela inclut la détection de l’effet Sagnac dans un lien à fibre déployé dans une topologie en anneau autour de Paris. Ensuite, je montrerai une étude de la détection des tremblements de terre avec le réseau de fibres français, et je discuterai des perspectives d’utilisation d’une telle technologie

    Réseaux de liens fibrés en métrologie pour la dissémination de fréquence : étude, exploitation, et sensibilités à l'effet Sagnac et autres perturbations terrestres

    No full text
    Atomic clocks are the modern tools of timekeeping. Ever since the rede nition of the second in 1967 based on an atomic transition of Cesium 133, the atomic clocks have improved drastically. This has lead to many technological advancements the last 55 years, many of which require precise transfer of time and frequency signals, a prominent example being the Global Positioning System (GPS). With the recent advancements of the last generation of state-of-the-art atomic clocks, so called optical clocks, traditional means of disseminating their signals without degrading their performance are no longer adequate. The implementation of a new technology for such purposes has in recent years been implemented in several countries around the world, which utilizes optical bers as a medium to transfer and compare the signals of the atomic frequency references.In this thesis, I discuss the exploitation of such an optical ber network in France. I discuss the general noise processes of such ber links, and their technical and fundamental limits. In-depth studies of several applications of a ber network is presented. These include the evaluation of the uncertainty contribution of the French ber network to the comparison of optical clocks. I also show studies of the use of ber networks for the sensing of e ects arising from the Earth. This includes the sensing of the Sagnac e ect in a ber link deployed in a ring topology around Paris, a study of the detection of earthquakes with the French ber network, and a discussion of the prospects of the use of such a technology.Les horloges atomiques sont les outils modernes de la mesure du temps. Depuis la redĂ©finition de la seconde en 1967 fondĂ©e sur l’interrogation d’une transition atomique du CĂ©sium 133, les horloges atomiques se sont considĂ©rablement amĂ©liorĂ©es. Cela a conduit Ă  de nombreuses avancĂ©es technologiques au cours des 55 derniĂšres annĂ©es, dont beaucoup nĂ©cessitent un transfert prĂ©cis des signaux de temps et de frĂ©quence, un exemple important Ă©tant le systĂšme de positionnement global (GPS). Avec les rĂ©cents progrĂšs des horloges atomiques de derniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration, dites optique, les moyens traditionnels de diffusion des signaux d’horloge(s) ne sont plus adaptĂ©s si on n’accepte pas de ne pas dĂ©grader leurs performances. La mise en Ɠuvre d’une nouvelle technologie a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  cette fin dans plusieurs pays du monde ces derniĂšres annĂ©es. Elle utilise les fibres optiques comme support pour transfĂ©rer et comparer les signaux des rĂ©fĂ©rences de frĂ©quence atomique. Dans cette thĂšse, j’aborderai la mise en Ɠuvre d’un rĂ©seau de fibres optiques en France. Je discuterai des processus gĂ©nĂ©raux de bruit de ces liaisons par fibre optique, et de leurs limites techniques et fondamentales. Des Ă©tudes approfondies de plusieurs applications d’un rĂ©seau de fibres sont prĂ©sentĂ©es. Celles-ci incluent l’évaluation de la contribution de l’incertitude du rĂ©seau français de fibres optiques Ă  la comparaison des horloges optiques. Ensuite, je prĂ©senterai une Ă©tudes sur l’utilisation de rĂ©seaux de fibres pour la dĂ©tection de phĂ©nomĂšnes gĂ©ophysiques. Cela inclut la dĂ©tection de l’effet Sagnac dans un lien Ă  fibre dĂ©ployĂ© dans une topologie en anneau autour de Paris. Ensuite, je montrerai une Ă©tude de la dĂ©tection des tremblements de terre avec le rĂ©seau de fibres français, et je discuterai des perspectives d’utilisation d’une telle technologie

    An accurate and robust metrological network for coherent optical frequency dissemination

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    International audienceWe introduce multi branch repeater laser stations (MLSs) for the dissemination of an ultra stable signal from one point to multiple users and the simultaneous evaluation of the stability and accuracy of multiple links. We perform the study of the noise floor of this new instrument. We present then an optical fiber network of 4800 km built with three MLSs and 13 repeater laser stations (RLSs). We show the multi user optical frequency dissemination on four links totalizing 2198 km with uncertainties below 1.1×10 19. The robustness of the network over two years is presented and stability and accuracy at 107 seconds integration time are finally showed

    Coherent fiber links operated for years: effect of missing data

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    International audienceAiming at delivering a highly available service, the French national optical fiber link network is run mostly unmanned and automatically, with the help of a global supervision. However, at a year scale, missing data are seemingly unavoidable. Here, we present a first study of the uncertainty of coherent fiber links with missing data. We present the tools to assess statistical properties for processes which are not strictly stationary, and a simulation of optical fiber links depending only on a handful of parameters. We show how missing data affects the phase-coherent optical fiber links, and how to mitigate the issue with a fill-in procedure that preserves the statistical properties. We apply the method for a 5 years-long data set of a 1410 km long fiber link. Second, we apply the method to the case of optical clock comparisons, where the downtimes of the optical clocks degrade the coherence of the links. We show that our methodology of processing the missing data is robust and converges to consistent mean values, even with very low uptimes. We present an offset and uncertainty contribution from the French fiber network of 2.4(9.0) × 10 −20 , that is an improvement by a factor 5 as compared to a processing without taking the effect of missing data into account

    Atomic clock dataset for 'Coherent Optical-Fiber Link Across Italy and France'

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    Dataset of the comparison of the atomic clocks at LNE-SYRTE and INRIM via optical fibre link between October 2021 and February 2022. Results discussed in Clivati et al., Coherent Optical-Fiber Link Across Italy and France, Phys. Rev. Applied, American Physical Society, 18, 054009, 2022. The involved atomic clocks are the Cs fountains SYRTE-F02Cs, IT-CsF2, the Rb fountain SYRTE-F02Rb and the Yb optical lattice clock IT-Yb1. Data is organized in folders, one for each comparison. In the folders data is separated is one file per day. Data is reported as fractional frequency ratios in bins of 864 s. Timetags are reported in modified Julian date (MJD). A validity flag is given where 0 = invalid, valid otherwise. Each folder includes a yaml file with metadata required for generalized data processing as in [Lodewyck et al., 2020]. The Python package used for data processing can be found on github.This work was supported by: the European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) Projects 18SIB05 ROCIT, 18SIB06 TIFOON, 20FUN08 NextLasers, which received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 951886 (CLONETS-DS); Program "Investissements d'Avenir" launched by the French Government and implemented by Agence Nationale de la Recherche with references ANR-10-LABX-48-01 (Labex First-TF), ANR-21-ESRE-0029 (ESR/Equipex T-REFIMEVE), ANR-11-EQPX-0039 (Equipex REFIMEVE+), ANR-10-IDEX-0001-002 (Idex PSL); Conseil RĂ©gional Bourgogne-Franche-ComtĂ©; Domaine d'IntĂ©rĂȘt Majeur Science et IngĂ©nierie en RĂ©gion Île-de-France pour les Technologies Quantiques (DIM SIRTEQ)

    A Coherent Optical Fibre Link Between France and Italy

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    International audienceWe report on the results obtained with the recently developed fiber link between LNE-SYRTE in France and INRIM in Italy. The link enables comparisons of different species of clocks, including Cs and Rb fountains, Sr and Yb optical lattice clocks, providing data to the roadmap for the redefinition of the second in the International System of Units
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