Tripanossomatídeos (protozoa: Kinetoplastida) Em Três Espécies De Cascudos Do Rio Mogi-guaçu, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil

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PENGARUH PROBIOTIK TERHADAP KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA AYAM PETELUR (LAYER) (Effect of Probiotik on Blood Cholesterol in Laying Hens)

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of probiotic on blood cholesterol in laying hens. Materials used were laying hens (Isa Brown strain) 43 weeks old and ration using probiotics. This research was conducted by using completely randomized design (CRD). The advanced research was done with testing the local probiotic with various concentration treatment, they are P0 (ration without probiotic), P1 (ration + 1% local probiotic), P2 (ration + 2% local probiotic), and P3 (ration + 3% local probiotic) with 5 time repetitions and in every repetitions consists of 2 chicken. Variables that were observed in the advance research were laying hens’s blood cholesterol that consists of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total leucocyte. The level of total cholesterol on P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 129.00±38.26, 116.00± 26.53, 121.00±33.72, and 137.00±52.53 mg/dL (P0.05) respectively; the HDL level were 50.60±16.47, 35.80±11.28, 59.40±19.74; 56.80±30.56 mg/dL (P0.05); the LDL level were 100.20±49.53, 39.20±17.14, 104.60±51.23, and 96.80±66.22 mg/dL (P0.05), respectively; the trigycerides level were 862.00±355.5, 533.00±146.1, 829.00±242.6, and 810.00±304 mg/dL (P0.05), respectively; and leucocyte count were 22.00±1.72, 21.00±3.79, 31.00±3.99, and 34.00±3.55 x103 mm3 (P0.01), respectively. In conclusion, the administrtion of local probiotic do not effect the blood cholesterol of layer chicken

Statistical Inference for Valued-Edge Networks: Generalized Exponential Random Graph Models

Across the sciences, the statistical analysis of networks is central to the production of knowledge on relational phenomena. Because of their ability to model the structural generation of networks, exponential random graph models are a ubiquitous means of analysis. However, they are limited by an inability to model networks with valued edges. We solve this problem by introducing a class of generalized exponential random graph models capable of modeling networks whose edges are valued, thus greatly expanding the scope of networks applied researchers can subject to statistical analysis

Association between social support and place of delivery: a cross-sectional study in Kericho, Western Kenya

Background: An estimated 358,000 maternal deaths still occur worldwide each year. The place of delivery is of great significance to the reduction of maternal mortality. Moreover, socio-economic factors, cultural traits, and local customs are associated with health-seeking behavior. This study aimed to explore determinants of association between social support and place of delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2011 at Sosiot Health Center, Kericho West District, Kenya. Participants were 303 mothers who brought their babies to the health center for immunization within their first year of life. Women underwent a structured interview using a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and their experiences of delivery including place of delivery and social support. Results: The proportion of deliveries at health facilities was significantly higher in unmarried than married women (93% and 78%, respectively; P = 0.008). Unmarried women whose mothers supported them in housework and whose sisters helped them fetch water were more likely to deliver at health facilities (P = 0.002 and 0.042, respectively) than those without this support. However, married women whose husbands supported them in farming and whose neighbors helped them fetch water were less likely to deliver at health facilities (P = 0.003 and 0.021, respectively) than those without this support. Married women who were advised to deliver at a health facility by their mother-in-law or health staff were more likely to deliver at health facilities (P = 0.015 and 0.022, respectively) than those who did not receive this advice. Multivariate analysis revealed that married women were more likely to deliver at health facilities if they were highly educated (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5); had financial capability (OR = 4.3); had medical insurance (OR = 4.2); were primiparous (OR = 3.5); did not have the support of sisters-in-law for fetching water (OR = 2.2); or were advised to deliver at a health facility by family or neighbors (OR = 2.5).Conclusions: Promotion of delivery at health facilities requires approaches that consider women\u27s social situation, since factors influencing place of delivery differ for married and unmarried women

Copepods Notodiaptomus sp Kiefer (Crustacea, Calanoida) naturally infected by metacestodes in the Juqueri reservoir, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The aim of this work was to identify the components of zooplankton that act as intermediate hosts of cestodes. One hundred and ninety four copepods of the suborder Calanoida, 317 copepods of the suborder Cyclopoida and 4240 cladocerans were collected in the Juqueri reservoir, in the state of Sao Paulo, from January to August, 2003. Only Copepods Calanoida of the genus Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer were found to be infected and contained two distinct forms of metacestodes. The metacestodes, denominated Met 1 (order Proteocephalidea) and Met 2 (order Cyclophyllidea), had the following rates of prevalence and mean intensities of infection: Met I - 2.06% and 64 larvae/copepod and Met 2 - 0.52% and one larvae/copepod. The positive copepods were collected at the margins of the reservoir during the day. This finding suggest that parasitism may lead to a change in the behavior of the copepods and make them more susceptible to predation in shallow water.11217918

Mitra Bestari/ Reviewer Artikel Jurnal Berjudul: Pengaruh probiotik terhadap kolesterol darah pada ayam petelur (layer)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh probiotik terhadap kolesterol darah pada ayam petelur. Materi yang digunakan adalah ayam petelur betina strain Isa Brown umur 43 minggu dan ransum dengan menggunakan probiotik. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan probiotik lokal dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu ransum tanpa probiotik (P0), ransum + 1% probiotik lokal (P1), ransum + 2% probiotik lokal (P2), dan ransum + 3% probiotik lokal (P3) dengan lima kali ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas dua ekor ayam. Peubah yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah kolesterol darah ayam petelur yang terdiri atas kolesterol total, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), trigliserida, dan jumlah leukosit. Kadar kolesterol total pada P0; P1; P2; dan P3 masing-masing adalah 129,00±38,26; 116,00±26,53; 121,00±33,72; 137,00±52,53 mg/dl (P>0,05). Kadar HDL pada P0; P1; P2; dan P3 masing-masing adalah 50,60±16,47; 35,80±11,28; 59,40±19,74; 56,80±30,56 mg/dl (P>0,05). Kadar LDL pada P0; P1; P2; dan P3 masing-masing adalah 100,20±49,53; 39,20±17,14; 104,60±51,23; dan 96,80±66,22 mg/dl (P>0,05). Kadar trigliserida pada P0; P1; P2; dan P3 masing-masing adalah 862,00±355,5; 533,00±146,10; 829,00±242,6; dan 810,00±304,00 mg/dl (P>0,05). Jumlah leukosit pada P0; P1; P2; dan P3 masing-masing adalah 22,00±1,72; 21,00±3,79; 31,00±3,99; dan 34,00±3,55 x 103 mm3 (P<0,01). Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian probiotik lokal tidak memengaruhi kadar kolesterol darah ayam petelur. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: kolesterol darah, leukosit, probiotik loka