O współczesnych badaniach krakowskich nad włoskim faszyzmem. Rozważania wokół prac Małgorzaty Kiwior-Filo i Joanny Sondel-Cedarmas

Krakowski ośrodek akademicki znany jest i ceniony już w Polsce, a nawet poza jej granicami, z badań nad autorytaryzmem i totalitaryzmem. Od wielu lat koncentrują się one zwłaszcza na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, a konkretnie rzecz ujmując – prowadzone są przede wszystkim przez zespoły pracowników naukowych skupionych do niedawna wokół zmarłego w 2015 r. profesora Wiesława Kozub-Ciembroniewicza i nadal wokół profesora Marka Bankowicza. Obaj uczeni owocnie współpracowali zresztą ze sobą w dziedzinie naukowe

Global integrability of cosmological scalar fields

We investigate the Liouvillian integrability of Hamiltonian systems describing a universe filled with a scalar field (possibly complex). The tool used is the differential Galois group approach, as introduced by Morales-Ruiz and Ramis. The main result is that the generic systems with minimal coupling are non-integrable, although there still exist some values of parameters for which integrability remains undecided; the conformally coupled systems are only integrable in four known cases. We also draw a connection with chaos present in such cosmological models, and the issues of integrability restricted to the real domain.Comment: This is a conflated version of arXiv:gr-qc/0612087 and arXiv:gr-qc/0703031 with a new theory sectio

Non-integrability of density perturbations in the FRW universe

We investigate the evolution equation of linear density perturbations in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with matter, radiation and the cosmological constant. The concept of solvability by quadratures is defined and used to prove that there are no "closed form" solutions except for the known Chernin, Heath, Meszaros and simple degenerate ones. The analysis is performed applying Kovacic's algorithm. The possibility of the existence of other, more general solutions involving special functions is also investigated.Comment: 13 pages. The latest version with added references, and a relevant new paragraph in section I

Wspomnienie o Profesorze Karolu Joncy

Wspomnienie o Profesorze Karolu Jonc

Doctrinal takes on the relation between natural and statutory law from Antiquity to the Enlightenment

The article discusses the shaping of the relation between natural and statutory law in philosophical, political, and legal concepts from Antiquity until the eighteenth century. Firstly, the author analyzes the views of sophists, Aristotle, stoics, Saint Augustine of Hippo, and Saint Thomas Aquinas in order to identify the main principles concerning the matter at hand based on their theories. His research permitted him to conclude that during the mentioned period the prevailing conviction was that statutory law (positive law) should not violate natural law (and sometimes simultaneously Gods law) because the latter was perceived as a higher legal order. Statutory law that conflicted with this higher law was usually considered invalid and, as such, did not incorporate an obligation of obedience. It was also usually considered unjust. For Christian thinkers God himself was the creator of the principles of justice; therefore that law which came directly from Him was put at the top of the legal structure. Natural law was seen as mirroring this law of God. In turn, a statutory law was supposed to reflect the rules of natural law. On the other hand, the representatives of the so-called bourgeois school of natural law which are described in the article (H. Grotius, T. Hobbes, S. Pufendorf, and others) did not see the question of the compatibility between statutory and natural law as unequivocally as their predecessors did, even though they too supported the notion that public authorities should, or even must, respect natural law. They did not, however, consider statutory law which violated natural law to be deprived of validity

Prawne aspekty położenia mniejszości narodowych na Górnym Śląsku w latach 1918-1939

This paper discusses the legal situation of German and Polish ethnic minorities in Upper Silesia, which was divided between Germany and Poland in the wake of uprisings (1919-1921) and the plebiscite of March 1921. The discussion concentrates on the provisions of the Upper Silesia Convention (known also as the Geneva Convention) concluded by the German Reich and the Republic of Poland for fi fteen years under the auspices of the League of Nations in May 1922. Emphasis is laid on the main provisions, including the so-called fundamental rights of minorities (Art. 64-68), which were meant to ensure equal treatment and free development in the spheres of language, education, religion, etc. to ethnic minorities. The discussion also touches upon other issues – which were not fully regulated by the Convention – concerning the interpretation of the term ‘ethnic minority’ at the League of Nations and other organisations and institutions (Inter-Allied Mixed Commission for Upper Silesia), as well as in the prevailing legal opinions in Germany and Poland at that time. On the example of the views of such jurists as Bruns, Flachtbarth, Walz, Cybichowski, Kierski and Kostanecki, arguments and controversies are shown which surrounded the criteria for defi ning ethnic minorities. Over this matter two views clashed. The fi rst and more popular held a person to be member of an ethnic minority if he or she expressed their bona fi de will to be counted as one (subjective criterion). The second was based on the assumption of objective membership in an ethnic minority (criteria of language, religion, culture and tradition). In the author’s opinion, the Upper Silesia Convention contributed to the reduction of ethnic tensions in the area where it was enforced