Fruit, seed and seedling morphology of nine species of Protium Burm.f. (Burseraceae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil

We describe the morphology of nine species of Protium, ranging from germination to seedling formation, and characterize gross morphology of fruits and seeds in order to assess the usefulness of these characters for systematics of the group. Fruits were collected in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve in December/2004, April/2005 and January/2006. The fruits are dehiscent and usually 1-3 locules develop. The pyrenes are ovoid to ellipsoid, and the surface is differentiated around the funicle scar. Most species had hypogeal, cryptocotylar germination, but P. gallosum and P. apiculatum had epigeal, fanerocotylar germination. The most relevant morphological characters for distinguishing these species are color, shape and surface of the fruit and pyrene, and form and texture of the eophylls. Furthermore, the series of characters based on composition, margin and apex of the eophylls, type of germination, and cotyledon morphology helped to distinguish the species and will serve to support future phylogenetic studies.O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever para nove espécies de Protium, a morfologia desde a germinação até a formação de plântulas, além de caracterizar frutos e sementes e avaliar a utilidade destes caracteres na sistemática do grupo. Os frutos foram coletados na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke em dezembro/2004, abril/2005 e janeiro/2006. Os frutos são deiscentes, normalmente com 1-3 lóculos desenvolvidos. Os pirênios são ovóides a elipsóides, com a superfície diferenciada em torno da cicatriz funicular. A maioria das espécies apresentou germinação hipógea e criptocotiledonar, enquanto P. gallosum e P. apiculatum são epígeas e fanerocotiledonares. Os caracteres morfológicos mais relevantes para a delimitação das espécies de Protium foram encontrados, principalmente, na coloração, forma e superfície do fruto e pirênio, e na forma e textura dos eofilos. Além disso, o conjunto de caracteres com base na composição, margem e ápice dos eofilos, tipo de germinação e morfologia dos cotilédones não só auxiliou nas delimitações específicas, como pode subsidiar futuros estudos filogenéticos

Crescimento inicial de espécies pioneiras e clímax em resposta a aplicação de calcário e formulações de npk em plantios para recuperação de áreas degradadas na região do Rio Urucu, Coari - Am

In the region of the Urucu river, Coari (AM), PETROBRAS is in search of and already producing natural gas and petroleum. Due to these activities, forests are cut down for various reasons and are afterwards abandoned. Environmental recovery is done with native forest species of the area. Generally the soil is ploughed through before planting, and apply two tons of dolomitic lime per hectare, each planting hole is then fertilized with 200 g of NPK (10-30-10) and 50 g of MgSO4. The objective of this study was to look for alternatives to this method without affecting the performance of four tree species planted: two pioneers (Bellucia grossularioides Triana and Vismia japurensis Reich.) and two climax (Copaifera multijuga Hayne and Virola surinamensis (Roland) Warb). In three sites about 0.5ha, three lime dosages were tested (0, 1, and 2 t/ha) and two compositions of mineral fertilizers (NPK 10-10-10 and NPK 10-30-10). Tree planting, in a spacing of 1 x 1 m, was done 90 days after liming, adding 200 g of NPK and 50 g of MgSO4 in each planting hole. One month after the planting, dead seedlings were substituted and the first measurements were taken of plant height, diameter and number of surviors. The measurementes were repeated after five and ten months. Samples of soil of the area were collected (three months before, five and ten months after the planting) and of leaves (before and ten months after the planting) for chemical analysis in laboratory. The pH and the concentration of Ca didn't vary among the lime dosages (P>0,15). Avaliability of Mg increased with the liming (P0,30). The lowest survival was assessed to C. multijuga (28%), followed by B. grossularioides (30%), V. japurensis (44%) and V. Surinamensis (50%). The growth of three species was not affected by the liming and composition of the two fertilizers. However V. surinamensis, showed a significant increase in height and diameter if fertilized with NPK 10-30-10 (P0,15). A maior disponibilidade de Mg2+ ocorreu nos tratamentos com calagem (P0,30). C. multijuga apresentou menor sobrevivência (28%), seguida por B. grossularioides (30%), V. japurensis (44%) e V. surinamensis (50%). O crescimento de três espécies foi independente da calagem e das formulações de NPK utilizados. Ao contrário, V. surinamensis apresentou crescimento significativamente maior em altura e diâmetro quando adubada com NPK 10-30-10 (P<0,01). A calagem reduziu significativamente o crescimento relativo em diâmetro de C. multijuga na dose de 2t/ha de calcário (P<0,02). Não foram detectadas diferenças em resposta aos tratamentos, comparando as duas espécies de pioneiras com as duas espécies clímax. Aparentemente, neste estádio do desenvolvimento, condições físicas do solo e fatores climáticos foram mais decisivos para sobrevivência e crescimento inicial. A insuficiência de respostas à calagem sugere a possibilidade de utilizar uma dosagem inferior a de 2 t/ha de calcário dolomítico para reduzir os custos na recuperação de áreas com mesmo histórico de uso. Para avaliar o efeito das duas formulações de NPK, há necessidade de um período de observação maior, para verificar se outras adequações podem ser recomendadas

Morfologia de Frutos, Sementes e Plântulas de nove espécies de Protium Burm.f. (Burseraceae) da Amazônia Central, Brasil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever para nove espécies de Protium, a morfologia desde a germinação até a formação de plântulas, além de caracterizar frutos e sementes e avaliar a utilidade destes caracteres na sistemática do grupo. Os frutos foram coletados na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke em dezembro/2004, abril/2005 e janeiro/2006. Os frutos são deiscentes, normalmente com 1-3 lóculos desenvolvidos. Os pirênios são ovóides a elipsóides, com a superfície diferenciada em torno da cicatriz funicular. A maioria das espécies apresentou germinação hipógea e criptocotiledonar, enquanto P. gallosum e P. apiculatum são epígeas e fanerocotiledonares. Os caracteres morfológicos mais relevantes para a delimitação das espécies de Protium foram encontrados, principalmente, na coloração, forma e superfície do fruto e pirênio, e na forma e textura dos eofilos. Além disso, o conjunto de caracteres com base na composição, margem e ápice dos eofilos, tipo de germinação e morfologia dos cotilédones não só auxiliou nas delimitações específicas, como pode subsidiar futuros estudos filogenéticos

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics — from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership — that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD. © 2021, Springer Nature Limited

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics — from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership — that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

© Springer Nature Limited 2021, corrected publication 2021Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics - from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership - that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio