FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFANT MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CARIRI, CEARÁ, BRAZIL

Introduction: The identification of factors related to children’s deaths is very important in planning public health actions for restructure and improve the mother and child assistance, aimed in reducing child mortality. Objective: Analyze the factors associated with infant mortality in the metropolitan area of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. All deaths occurring in children under one year old of the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil, contained in the mortality information system and in live births’s information system, from January 2009 to December 2013. Newborn variables (sex, race/color, weight, age); maternal variables (maternal age and education and type of gestation); assistance variables (labor type) were extracted from the SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde/Unified Health System) Informatics Department and presented in chart and tables in absolute and percentage frequency form. Results: In the five-year period, 816 infant deaths in 48321 births were registered associated to the following factors: 453 (55.5%) male, 471 (57.7%) drab and 514 (63%) low weight in birth, 458 (56.1%) with 20 to 34 years of age, 353 (43.2%) 8 years or more of schooling, 657 (80.5%) only pregnancy and 414 (50.7%) vaginal birth. Conclusion: Infant mortality variables in the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil were associated mostly with deaths occurring in drab boys with birth weight below the normal, whose mothers were young, with good education and who had just one gestation, born of vaginal birth

LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ENTEROVIRUS MENINGITIS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Introduction: Meningitis is the leading infectious syndrome that affects the central nervous system, and most cases are caused by viral infections, mainly enterovirus. The clinical diagnosis for meningitis etiology still presents major challenges. The analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), white blood cells, red blood cells, glucose, protein, and lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides the first clues to the diagnosis. However, the reference values of some parameters can suffer changes. Objective: Analyze laboratory parameters of CSF in patients with enterovirus meningitis according to age. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted based on data from a CSF reference service, located in São Paulo, Brazil, on 202 individuals who had enterovirus meningitis. Data was analysed by the Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests (CI = 95%, p <0.05) and represented by the median and percentile 25 and 75, respectively. Results: The cytological and biochemical parameters of the CSF shows us that proteins had median concentrations of 33.0mg/dL, glucose of 57.0mg/dl, lactate of 19.0mg/dL and the leukocyte of 119.0 cells/mm 3, with a predominance of lymphocytes (42%). It was found that age can cause cytological and biochemical changes in the parameters of CSF. Children younger than 2 years had a range percentage of neutrophils and monocytes different then children aged e” 2 and <6 years, and aged e” 6 and <10 years. The protein concentration range in CSF as well as glucose track can also change according to age. Conclusion: Age may lead to changes in cytological and biochemical parameters of CSF. CSF protein and glucose concentrations also change according to age

The biopsychosocial processes in autism spectrum disorder

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud Autism is a disorder characterized by pervasive social and communicative impairments, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Its causes and effects have been researched from various neurocognitive theoretical perspectives and with the aid of neuroimaging technology. We aimed to describe biopsychosocial processes characteristic of the Autism Spectrum Disorders.\ud \ud \ud \ud Method\ud \ud Literature review using Medline and Scopus databases published between 2001 and 2011, with the keywords "autism", "theory of mind", "executive functions", "central coherence" and “fMRI”.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud The studies found were plotted and organized into tables and an explanatory diagram of the main findings was produced.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud The most popular neurocognitive theories are still unable to fully explain the characteristics of the complications that autistic spectrum disorder causes to the quality of life of individuals living with autism. The association of clinical research and neuroimaging may contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the brain affected by the disorder.This group received support from School of Medicine of ABC

BRINCANDO E REAPRENDENDO TODO DIA

Through all the evidence surrounding education, the new needs of contemporary technological times require the ability to reinvent, adapt, accommodate, assimilate and balance and have never been more necessary in the face of modernizing teaching methodologies, focusing on the majority purpose of learning with ludicity. Aiming to develop essays that show a successful, creative, significant, active, playful experience in teacher training in a practical way. The methodology of this study aims to demonstrate an experience carried out in the pedagogical week that occurred at the municipal school Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. The results of these dialogical actions are reflected in the satisfaction of those involved in leaving traditional passivity and reflecting on methodological action in the dialectics of teaching and learning. Thinking paths, methods that can be tested to improve creative classes, practices, active conditions produce knowledge from interactionist poetry, music, folklore, games, prior knowledge and reality. With a single objective of promoting learning with mediating techniques, the teacher being an innovator, a provocateur, a researcher, a daring experimentalist, seeking its apex in acquiring a pedagogy that transforms from simple to complex, ludically.A través de toda la evidencia que rodea a la educación, las nuevas necesidades de los tiempos tecnológicos contemporáneos requieren la capacidad de reinventarse, adaptarse, acomodarse, asimilarse y equilibrarse y nunca han sido más necesarias frente a la modernización de las metodologías de enseñanza, centrándose en el propósito mayoritario de aprender con ludicidad. Con el objetivo de desarrollar ensayos que muestren una experiencia exitosa, creativa, significativa, activa y lúdica en la formación del profesorado de una manera práctica. La metodología de este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar una experiencia realizada en la semana pedagógica que tuvo lugar en la escuela municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Los resultados de estas acciones dialógicas se reflejan en la satisfacción de quienes participan en dejar la pasividad tradicional y reflexionar sobre la acción metodológica en la dialéctica de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Los caminos de pensamiento, los métodos que se pueden probar para mejorar las clases creativas, las prácticas, las condiciones activas producen conocimiento a partir de la poesía interaccionista, la música, el folclore, los juegos, el conocimiento previo y la realidad. Con un único objetivo de promover el aprendizaje con técnicas mediadoras, siendo el docente un innovador, un provocador, un investigador, un experimentador atrevido, buscando su ápice en la adquisición de una pedagogía que transforme de lo simple a lo complejo, lúdicamente.Mediante todas as evidências que cercam a educação, as novas necessidades dos tempos tecnológicos contemporâneos exigem capacidade de se reinventar, adaptar, acomodar, assimilar e equilibrar e nunca foram tão necessárias frente a modernizar as metodologias de ensino, focando no propósito majoritário de aprender com ludicidade. Objetivando desenvolver ensaios que mostram uma experiência exitosa, criativa, significativa, ativa, lúdica na formação de professores de maneira prática. A metodologia deste estudo visa demonstrar uma experiência realizada na semana pedagógica ocorrida na escola municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Os resultados destas ações dialógicas se refletem na satisfação dos envolvidos em sair da passividade tradicional e refletir sobre a ação metodológica na dialética de ensino e aprendizagem. Pensando caminhos, métodos que possam ser testados para melhorar as aulas criativas, práticas, as condições ativas produzirem conhecimentos a partir de poesias interacionistas, músicas, folclore, brincadeiras, conhecimento prévio e realidade. Com um único objetivo de promover o aprendizado com técnicas mediadoras, sendo o professor um inovador, um provocador, um pesquisador, um ousado experimentalista, buscando seu ápice em adquirir uma pedagogia que transforme do simples ao complexo, ludicamente

BRINCANDO E REAPRENDENDO TODO DIA

Through all the evidence surrounding education, the new needs of contemporary technological times require the ability to reinvent, adapt, accommodate, assimilate and balance and have never been more necessary in the face of modernizing teaching methodologies, focusing on the majority purpose of learning with ludicity. Aiming to develop essays that show a successful, creative, significant, active, playful experience in teacher training in a practical way. The methodology of this study aims to demonstrate an experience carried out in the pedagogical week that occurred at the municipal school Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. The results of these dialogical actions are reflected in the satisfaction of those involved in leaving traditional passivity and reflecting on methodological action in the dialectics of teaching and learning. Thinking paths, methods that can be tested to improve creative classes, practices, active conditions produce knowledge from interactionist poetry, music, folklore, games, prior knowledge and reality. With a single objective of promoting learning with mediating techniques, the teacher being an innovator, a provocateur, a researcher, a daring experimentalist, seeking its apex in acquiring a pedagogy that transforms from simple to complex, ludically.A través de toda la evidencia que rodea a la educación, las nuevas necesidades de los tiempos tecnológicos contemporáneos requieren la capacidad de reinventarse, adaptarse, acomodarse, asimilarse y equilibrarse y nunca han sido más necesarias frente a la modernización de las metodologías de enseñanza, centrándose en el propósito mayoritario de aprender con ludicidad. Con el objetivo de desarrollar ensayos que muestren una experiencia exitosa, creativa, significativa, activa y lúdica en la formación del profesorado de una manera práctica. La metodología de este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar una experiencia realizada en la semana pedagógica que tuvo lugar en la escuela municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Los resultados de estas acciones dialógicas se reflejan en la satisfacción de quienes participan en dejar la pasividad tradicional y reflexionar sobre la acción metodológica en la dialéctica de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Los caminos de pensamiento, los métodos que se pueden probar para mejorar las clases creativas, las prácticas, las condiciones activas producen conocimiento a partir de la poesía interaccionista, la música, el folclore, los juegos, el conocimiento previo y la realidad. Con un único objetivo de promover el aprendizaje con técnicas mediadoras, siendo el docente un innovador, un provocador, un investigador, un experimentador atrevido, buscando su ápice en la adquisición de una pedagogía que transforme de lo simple a lo complejo, lúdicamente.Mediante todas as evidências que cercam a educação, as novas necessidades dos tempos tecnológicos contemporâneos exigem capacidade de se reinventar, adaptar, acomodar, assimilar e equilibrar e nunca foram tão necessárias frente a modernizar as metodologias de ensino, focando no propósito majoritário de aprender com ludicidade. Objetivando desenvolver ensaios que mostram uma experiência exitosa, criativa, significativa, ativa, lúdica na formação de professores de maneira prática. A metodologia deste estudo visa demonstrar uma experiência realizada na semana pedagógica ocorrida na escola municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Os resultados destas ações dialógicas se refletem na satisfação dos envolvidos em sair da passividade tradicional e refletir sobre a ação metodológica na dialética de ensino e aprendizagem. Pensando caminhos, métodos que possam ser testados para melhorar as aulas criativas, práticas, as condições ativas produzirem conhecimentos a partir de poesias interacionistas, músicas, folclore, brincadeiras, conhecimento prévio e realidade. Com um único objetivo de promover o aprendizado com técnicas mediadoras, sendo o professor um inovador, um provocador, um pesquisador, um ousado experimentalista, buscando seu ápice em adquirir uma pedagogia que transforme do simples ao complexo, ludicamente

FORMAS DE APRESENTAÇÃO DA BASE DA REGIÃO MENTUAL EM UMA COLEÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL.

  In Anatomy, anatomical variation is a deviation from the normal morphology of an organ or structure of an individual that does not harm function and can occur internally or externally. In human skulls we find many bone variations, both in the shape, number, location and size of the bones, including the mandible, presenting countless anatomical variations and also being an important reference when determining sex and age in the area of ​​Forensic Anthropology. The mental region may present some changes, both in the anterior and posterior norms. In the previous standard we found some variations such as the shape of the submental notch and the base of this region. Given the above, we decided to verify the presentation of the base of the mental region in dry mandibles of adults. We used a sample of 469 jaws, 174 female and 295 male. We classify variations in the base of the mental region into three types: Type 1, rounded; Type 2, with the presence of the submental notch and Type 3 straight. In relation to the total sample (n=469), Type 2 was the most frequent with 52% of cases, followed by Type 1 with 27.75% and Type 3 with 20.25%. In males, Type 2 was the most common, with a balance between Types 1 and 3. In females, Type 2 was also the most common with 50% of cases, followed by Type 1 and Type 3 with only 12, 65% of cases. We hope that more studies will be carried out in our population, as they are scarce and most were carried out in a foreign population.Em Anatomia, variação anatômica é um desvio da morfologia normal de um órgão ou estrutura de um indivíduo que não traz prejuízo à função, podendo ocorrer interna ou externamente. Em crânios humanos encontramos muitas variações ósseas, tanto na forma, número, localização e tamanho dos ossos, dentre eles a mandíbula, apresentando inúmeras variações anatômicas sendo ainda um importante referencial no momento da determinação do sexo e idade na área da Antropologia Forense. A região mentual pode apresentar algumas alterações, tanto na norma anterior como na norma posterior. Na norma anterior encontramos algumas variações como na forma da incisura submentual como na base desta região. Diante do exposto, resolvemos verificar as formas de apresentação da base da região mentual em mandíbulas secas de adultos. Utilizamos uma amostra de 469 mandíbulas, sendo 174 do sexo feminino e 295 do sexo masculino. Classificamos as variações da base da região mentual em três tipos: Tipo 1, arredondada; Tipo 2, com a presença da incisura submentual e Tipo 3 retilínea. Com relação a amostra total (n=469), o Tipo 2 foi o mais frequente com 52% dos casos, seguido do Tipo 1 com 27,75% e do Tipo 3 com 20,25%. No sexo masculino o Tipo 2 foi o mais frequente, havendo um equilíbrio entre os Tipos 1 e 3. No sexo feminino também o Tipo 2 foi o mais frequente com 50% dos casos, seguido do Tipo 1 e do Tipo 3 com apenas 12,65% dos casos. Esperamos com isto que sejam realizados mais estudos em nossa população, já que são escassos e a maioria foram realizados em população estrangeira

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not infected

Background: To assess the motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: Thirty infants were assessed in the period from November 2009 to March 2010 at the AIDS Reference and Training Centre, in São Paulo, Brazil. The assessment instrument used in the research was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). All 30 infants used the antiretroviral drug properly for 42 consecutive days, in accordance with the protocol of the World Health Organization. Results: Out of the total number of infants, 27 (90%) had proper motor performance and 3 (10%) presented motor delay, according to the AIMS. Discussion: This study demonstrated that only 10% of the assessed group had developmental delay and no relation with environmental variables was detected, such as maternal level of education, social and economic issues, maternal practices, attendance at the day care center, and drug use during pregnancy. It is important to emphasize the necessity of studies with a larger number of participants

Motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not infected

Background: To assess the motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: Thirty infants were assessed in the period from November 2009 to March 2010 at the AIDS Reference and Training Centre, in São Paulo, Brazil. The assessment instrument used in the research was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). All 30 infants used the antiretroviral drug properly for 42 consecutive days, in accordance with the protocol of the World Health Organization. Results: Out of the total number of infants, 27 (90%) had proper motor performance and 3 (10%) presented motor delay, according to the AIMS. Discussion: This study demonstrated that only 10% of the assessed group had developmental delay and no relation with environmental variables was detected, such as maternal level of education, social and economic issues, maternal practices, attendance at the day care center, and drug use during pregnancy. It is important to emphasize the necessity of studies with a larger number of participants

Pervasive Development Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified

spectrum disorde