A technique for automatic real time scoring of several simultaneous sleep electroencephalograms

Automatic real-time scoring of simultaneous sleep electroencephalogram

Nanosized superconducting constrictions

Nanowires of lead between macroscopic electrodes are produced by means of an STM. Magnetic fields may destroy the superconductivity in the electrodes, while the wire remains in the superconducting state. The properties of the resulting microscopic Josephson junctions are investigated.Comment: 3 pages,3 eps figures include

Semantic Shift to Pragmatic Meaning in Shared Decision Making: Situation Theory Perspective

The way humans establish communication depends on the generation and conveyance of meaning. Linguistically, meaning in information is dependent on the meaning that is ascribed to signifiers in the context of the communication. These signifiers can include items such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols. Conveyance of meaning may, however, imprecise and prone to error. The meaning of information in communication may arise from a change in the context in which a signifier is placed (intrinsic), or a change in the paradigm with which the signifier and context are perceived (extrinsic). In simple situations, where paradigms are reconcilable, semantic shift is solely intrinsic. In complex situations, where differing paradigms will generally lead to irreconcilable perspectives (paradoxes and dualities); the semantic shift will be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Decisions are based on an individual\u27s (or individuals\u27 shared) understanding and understanding is in turn contingent on perspective. Decision making will, therefore, be affected by discrepancies in meaning. It is critical to understand the nature of the discrepancies where shared awareness is necessary to enable group decisions. The theoretical construct presented recognizes that (1) a semantic shift may be required where multiple perspectives based on different paradigms come into play and (2) a semantic shift may introduce error, inefficiency, noise or redundancy. Therefore, individual limits can be recognized via shared awareness, which can be studied with situation theory. © 2015 WIT Press

Sources for the study of Catalonian exile in Hispanic America

Aproximación histórica al exilio catalán del tiempo de la República, a sus primeros pasos y a su reconducción hacia Hispanoamérica. Presentación de las fuentes de estudio, atendiendo a diferentes niveles informativos, desde las memorias de los exiliados hasta la bibliografía historiográfica existente y a los actuales grupos de investigación centrados en el exilio español y, puntualmente, el catalán. Atención al caso concreto, como muestra de una experiencia individualizada, de Avel·lí Artís Balaguer, escritor catalán exiliado en México, a su activismo cultural y a la continuación de su obra durante su expatriación.A historical approach to Catalan republican exile, its first steps towars Latin America and its renawal. A presentation of sources of study, taking into account different levels of information, from memoires of the exiles to the existing historiographical literature and current research groups focusing on the Spanish exile and, occasionally, Catalan. Special attention to the case, as evidence of individual experience, of Avel·lí Artís Balaguer, a Catalan writer in exile in Mexico, to his cultural activism and to his continued work during his expatriation

Genetic basis of microbial carotenogenesis

The synthesis of carotenoids begins with the formation of a phytoene from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a well conserved step in all carotenogenic organisms and catalyzed by a phytoene synthase, an enzyme encoded by the crtB(spy) genes. The next step is the dehydrogenation of the phytoene, which is carried out by phytoene dehydrogenase. In organisms with oxygenic photosynthesis, this enzyme, which accomplishes two dehydrogenations, is encoded by the crtP genes. In organisms that lack oxygenic photosynthesis, dehydrogenation is carried out by an enzyme completely unrelated to the former one, which carries out four dehydrogenations and is encoded by the crtI genes. In organisms with oxygenic photosynthesis, dehydrogenation of the phytoene is accomplished by a ζ-carotene dehydrogenase encoded by the crtQ (zds) genes. In many carotenogenic organisms, the process is completed with the cyclization of lycopene. In organisms exhibiting oxygenic photosynthesis, this step is performed by a lycopene cyclase encoded by the crtL genes. In contrast, anoxygenic photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms use a different lycopene cyclase, encoded by the crtY (lyc) genes. A third and unrelated type of lycopene β-cyclase has been described in certain bacteria and archaea. Fungi differ from the rest of non-photosynthetic organisms in that they have a bifunctional enzyme that displays both phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase activity. Carotenoids can be modified by oxygen-containing functional groups, thus originating xanthophylls. Only two enzymes are necessary for the conversion of β-carotene into astaxanthin, using several ketocarotenoids as intermediates, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These enzymes are a β-carotene hydroxylase (crtZ genes) and a β-carotene ketolase, encoded by the crtW (bacteria) or bkt (algae) genes

Risk-and-Resiliency-Intelligent Supply Chain (RRiSC)

This work proposes a risk-and-resiliency-intelligent supply chain (RRiSC) tool which is an SC risk management framework that leverages cutting-edge technologies in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), and Digital Twins (DT) to develop specific capabilities for SC risk management. RRiSC is a convergence of mature tools and techniques embedded in three modules: Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization – all together integrate the optimization, simulation, and data analytics to test the performance of the whole supply network under different scenarios through measuring the vital KPIs, identifying the vulnerabilities, and setting proactive plans to diminish risks consequences

Respuesta fisiológica al estrés agudo en conejos alimentados con dietas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3

A total of 700 kits were randomly distributed in flatdeck group cages avoiding litter effect. They were fed 2 isofibrous, isoenergetic and isoproteic diets formulated with 2 different sources of fat: mixed fat (control group, C, n=350) and a supplement of salmon oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (PUFA group, P, n=350)

A Game-Theory method to design job rotation schedules to prevent musculoskeletal disorders Based on workers preferences and competencies

[EN] Job rotation is an organizational strategy based on the systematic exchange of workers between jobs in a planned manner according to specific criteria. This study presents the GS-Rot method, a method based on Game Theory, in order to design job rotation schedules by considering not only workers' job preferences, but also the competencies required for different jobs. With this approach, we promote workers' active participation in the design of the rotation plan. It also let us deal with restrictions in assigning workers to job positions according to their disabilities (temporal or permanent). The GS-Rot method has been implemented online and applied to a case in a work environment characterized by the presence of a high repetition of movements, which is a significant risk factor associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). A total of 17 workstations and 17 workers were involved in the rotation, four of them with physical/psychological limitations. Feasible job rotation schedules were obtained in a short time (average time 27.4 milliseconds). The results indicate that in the rotations driven by preference priorities, almost all the workers (94.11%) were assigned to one of their top five preferences. Likewise, 48.52% of job positions were assigned to workers in their top five of their competence lists. When jobs were assigned according to competence, 58.82% of workers got an assignment among their top five competence lists. Furthermore, 55.87% of the workers achieved jobs in their top five preferences. In both rotation scenarios, the workers varied performed jobs, and fatigue accumulation was balanced among them. The GS-Rot method achieved feasible and uniform solutions regarding the workers' exposure to job repetitiveness.This research was funded by the Erasmus+ program of the European Commission under Grant 2017-1-ES01-KA203-038589 in the frame of the project CoSki21-Core Skills for 21th-century professionals.Asensio-Cuesta, S.; Garcia-Gomez, JM.; Poza-Lujan, J.; Conejero, JA. (2019). A Game-Theory method to design job rotation schedules to prevent musculoskeletal disorders Based on workers preferences and competencies. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health. 16(23):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234666S1161623Aptel, M., Cail, F., Gerling, A., & Louis, O. (2008). Proposal of parameters to implement a workstation rotation system to protect against MSDs. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38(11-12), 900-909. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2008.02.006Jeon, I. S., Jeong, B. Y., & Jeong, J. H. (2016). 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The American Mathematical Monthly, 69(1), 9-15. doi:10.1080/00029890.1962.11989827Roth, A. E. (2008). What Have We Learned from Market Design? The Economic Journal, 118(527), 285-310. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02121.xRoth, A. E., & Sotomayor, M. (1992). Chapter 16 Two-sided matching. Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, 485-541. doi:10.1016/s1574-0005(05)80019-0Renna, P. (2017). Decision-making method of reconfigurable manufacturing systems’ reconfiguration by a Gale-Shapley model. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 45, 149-158. doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2017.09.005Butkovič, P., & Lewis, S. (2007). On the job rotation problem. Discrete Optimization, 4(2), 163-174. doi:10.1016/j.disopt.2006.11.00