The effects of superior ovarian nerve sectioning on ovulation in the guinea pig

The effects on spontaneous ovulation associated with the unilateral or bilateral sectioning of the superior ovarian nerves (SON) were analyzed in guinea pigs at different time intervals of the estrous cycle. Day 1 of the estrous cycle was defined as the day when the animal presents complete loss of the vaginal membrane (open vagina). Subsequent phases of the cycle were determined by counting the days after Day 1. All animals were autopsied on the fifth day of the estrous cycle after surgery. Sectioning the right, left, or both SONs on day 5 (early luteal phase) resulted in a significant increase in the number of fresh corpora lutea. Ovulation increased significantly when the left SON (L-SON) was sectioned during late follicular phase (day 1) and medium luteal phase (day 8). When surgery was performed on days 1 or 8, neither sectioning the right SON (R-SON) nor sectioning the SON bilaterally had an apparent effect on ovulation rates. Similarly, ovulation rates were not affected when unilateral (right or left) or bilateral sectioning of the SON was performed during late luteal phase two (day 12). Unilateral or bilateral sectioning of the SON performed during the early luteal phase (day 5) was associated with a significant decrease in uterine weight. A comparable effect was observed when the L-SON was sectioned during late follicular phase (day 1), or medium luteal phase (day 8). No effects on uterine weight were observed when unilateral or bilateral sectioning of the SON was performed during late luteal phase. Our results suggest that in the guinea pig the SON modulates ovulation, and that the degree of modulation varies along the estrous cycle. The strongest influence of the SONs on ovulation occurs during early luteal phase, and decrease thereafter, being absent by late luteal phase. In addition, sectioning the left or the right SON caused different responses by the ovaries of adult guinea pigs. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which ovulation increased when the SON was surgically cut

Tasa de éxito subjetivo y objetivo en pacientes operados con cinta suburetral transobturatriz: ocho años de seguimiento

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.Antecedentes: La Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (IOE) representa el 50% de las incontinencias urinarias en la mujer, produciendo un gran impacto en su calidad de vida. Actualmente el TOT es una de las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas para su tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de éxito objetiva y subjetiva de las pacientes operadas por IOE e incontinencia de orina mixta (IOM) mediante TOT, y determinar la tasa de complicaciones perioperatorias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de cohorte de 8 años de seguimiento, en el que se evaluó mediante anamnesis, examen físico y protocolos quirúrgicos la tasa de éxito objetivo y subjetivo del TOT. Resultados: La tasa de éxito objetivo y subjetivo fue 92% y 76% respectivamente. El 8,3% de las pacientes presentó alguna complicación y la tasa de exposición de malla fue de 1,2%. Conclusiones: El TOT es una excelente alternativa para el tratamiento de la IOE en el Hospital de Quilpué.http://ref.scielo.org/6tnxn

Chromosomal damage as prognosis marker in cervical carcinogenesis

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer among Mexican and Latin American women. Risk factors that have been associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia suggest that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, and 33 entail a high risk of developing a malignancy of this type. The accumulation of genetic alterations allows the growth of neoplastic cells; chromosomal instability is an event that occurs in the precancerous stages. The candidate cancer risk biomarkers include cytogenetic endpoints, such as chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, and the outcomes of comet assay and DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patterns identified in these cytogenetic studies indicate that chromosomal instability is a transient and chromosomally unstable intermediate in the development of cervical lesions. In this context, the mechanisms that may underlie the progressive increase in genetic instability in these patients seem to be related directly to HPV infection. The studies discussed in this paper show that chromosomal instability may serve as a biomarker by predicting the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nevertheless, these results should be validated in larger, prospective studies.Рак шейки матки является третьим по распространенности в мире типов рака у женщин и наиболее часто встречающимся у женщин Мексики и Латинской Америки. Факторы риска, связанные с развитием интраэпителиальной цервикальной неоплазии, предполагают, что папилломавирус человека (HPV) типов 16, 18, 31 и 33 влечет за собой высокий риск развития опухолей этого типа. Накопление генетических изменений делает возможным рост опухолевых клеток, хромосомная нестабильность является событием, которое предшествует предраковым стадиям. Возможные биомаркеры риска опухоли включают цитогенетические критерии, такие как хромосомные аберрации, обмен сестринских хроматид, микроядра, и заканчиваются Comet-анализом и детекцией поломок ДНК с помощью флюоресцентной гибридизации in situ. Образцы, идентифицированные в таких цитогенетических исследованиях, показывают, что хромосомная нестабильность является транзиентным промежуточным звеном в развитии цервикальных нарушений. В этой связи механизмы, которые могут лежать в основе прогрессирующей генетической нестабильности у таких пациентов, кажутся непосредственно связанными с инфекцией HPV. Настоящее исследование показывает, что хромосомная нестабильность может служить биомаркером для предсказания развития интраэпителиальной цервикальной неоплазии, тем не менее эти результаты должны быть оценены в более масштабных исследованиях

Constitutive heterochromatin polymorphisms in human chromosomes identified by whole comparative genomic hybridization

Whole comparative genomic hybridization (W-CGH) is a new technique that reveals cryptic differences in highly repetitive DNA sequences, when different genomes are compared using metaphase or interphase chromosomes. W-CGH provides a quick approach to identify differential expansion of these DNA sequences at the single-chromosome level in the whole genome. In this study, we have determined the frequency of constitutive chromatin polymorphisms in the centromeric regions of human chromosomes using a whole-genome in situ cross-hybridization method to compare the whole genome of five different unrelated individuals. Results showed that the pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin of chromosome 6 exhibited a high incidence of polymorphisms in repetitive DNA families located in pericentromeric regions. The constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes 5 and 9 was also identified as highly polymorphic. Although further studies are necessary to corroborate and assess the overall incidence of these polymorphisms in human populations, the use of W-CGH could be pertinent and of clinical relevance to assess rapidly, from a chromosomal viewpoint, genome similarities and differences in closely related genomes such as those of relatives, or in more specific situations such as bone marrow transplantation where chimerism is produced in the recipient

Evaluation of DNA Single and Double Strand Breaks in Women with Cervical Neoplasia Based on Alkaline and Neutral Comet Assay Techniques

A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was performed in order to determine the relation of DNA single (ssb) and double (dsb) strand breaks in women with and without cervical neoplasia. Cervical epithelial cells of 30 women: 10 with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LG-SIL), 10 with high-grade SIL (HG-SIL), and 10 without cervical lesions were evaluated using alkaline and neutral comet assays. A significant increase in global DNA damage (ssb + dsb) and dsb was observed in patients with HG-SIL (48.90 ± 12.87 and 23.50 ± 13.91), patients with LG-SIL (33.60 ± 14.96 and 11.20 ± 5.71), and controls (21.70 ± 11.87 and 5.30 ± 5.38; resp.). Pearson correlation coefficient reveled a strong relation between the levels ssb and dsb (2=0.99, =0.03, and 2=0.94, =0.16, resp.) and progression of neoplasia. The increase of dsb damage in patients with HG-SIL was confirmed by DNA breakage detection-FISH (DBD-FISH) on neutral comets. Our results argue in favor of a real genomic instability in women with cervical neoplasia, which was strengthened by our finding of a higher proportion of DNA dsb

Assessment of Future Land Use/Land Cover Scenarios on the Hydrology of a Coastal Basin in South-Central Chile

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the clearest representations of the global environmental change phenomenon at various spatial and temporal scales. Chile is worldwide recognized to have areas dedicated to non-native forest plantations that specifically in coastal range show high environmental and economic deterioration, questioning the sustainability of the forestry industry. Currently, there are no studies in Chile that reveal the real effects of the LULC change on the water balance at basin or sub-basin scales associated with future scenarios, which might contribute to territorial decision-making and reveal the real magnitude of the effects of these dynamics. In this study, in order to study LULC dynamics in a coastal basin in South-Central Chile, we assessed and analyzed the effects of future LULC change scenarios on the hydrological processes by generating future synthetic land cover maps from Landsat (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI) image datasets. The hydrological model Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated, using hydroclimatic time series, to simulate discharges and other hydrological components over those future LULC scenarios. The LULC future scenarios were projected using combined Markov chain analysis (CA–Markov) and cellular automata algorithms for the near (2025), middle (2035) and far (2045) future. The results revealed that the effects on the different components of the water balance of the basin are not as significant except in the soil water transfer in percolation (increase 72.4%) and groundwater flow (increase 72.5%). This trend was especially observed in sub-basins with non-native forest plantations that dominated land cover in the year 2035, in which an increase of 43.6% in percolation and groundwater flows resulted in increased aquifer recharge and water storage, mainly offset by a decrease of 27% in the evapotranspiration. This work demonstrates the importance of evaluating the impacts of the dynamics of LULC on the hydrological response of a coastal basin, and also on how the land use governance and policy are closely linked to that of water resources

Una aproximación estocástica al impacto de los inventarios en las empresas comercializadoras de izúcar de matamoros mediante análisis del indicador dupont y el punto de equilibrio.

Este trabajo cuantifica el impacto de la eficiencia –medida por la rotación de activos y la gestión de inventarios-, el margen de utilidad y el apalancamiento financiero sobre el desempeño del indicador de rentabilidad del patrimonio –ROE– de las empresas comercializadoras de la región de Izúcar de Matamoros, haciendo uso de un análisis Dupont estocástico y de la determinación del punto de equilibrio en días para los inventarios. Se utiliza la Simulación de Montecarlo –SM– para modelar el sistema Dupont y el punto de equilibrio, aproximando todas las cifras del Balance General –BG- y el Estado de Resultados –PyG– a las distribuciones de probabilidad de mejor ajuste y determinar una cifra para explicar el rendimiento del patrimonio y de la inversión de este tipo de empresas y determinando el punto de equilibrio en días para los inventarios. Luego, a través de un análisis de sensibilidad mediante @Risk, se determina el impacto de las variables explicativas de eficiencia, margen y el apalancamiento financiero en el comportamiento del Índice Dupont proyectado y del punto de equilibrio y por último se realiza una caracterización de la cultura del control de inventarios por medio de una encuesta a 152 Pymes de la región ABSTRACT This paper quantifies the impact of management efficiency of commercial agencies in the region of Izúcar of Matamoros, measured by the inventories and assets turn-over, profit margin and financial leveraging on the performance metric return on equity -ROE-. Using a stochastic Dupont analysis and assessment inventories’ breakeven in days. -SM- Monte Carlo Simulation is used to model the Dupont system and breakeven. Using information from outside the general double entry book-keeping accounting system and Income Statement to in order to find the best fit’s probability distributions and determine a metric to explain the equity and investment’s performance of these businesses and determining the inventories’ breakeven in days. Then, through a sensitivity analysis using Risk, the behavior of Dupont index is determined using the explanatory variables of efficiency, margin and leverage effects and breakeven is determined